1. Flexibility of Infonomics
in the Industrial Production
of Machines and Plants
− Knowledge Management in the Industry 4.0 –
DigiTrans CD
funding code 01DO16006
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Schaffner
2. 2Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Schaffner | Flexibility Infonomics in the Industrial Production …21.02.2017
Our vision of Industrie 4.0
4. 4Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Schaffner | Flexibility Infonomics in the Industrial Production …21.02.2017
Today's reality is
in best case „Industry 3.0
As a result:
The implicit knowledge of the technicians
provides the flexibility of infonomics
in „Industry 3.0“.
5. 5Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Schaffner | Flexibility Infonomics in the Industrial Production …21.02.2017
Agenda
Flexibility of Infonomics in the Industrial Production …
1. Problem Settings
2. Research Gap and Scientific Approach
3. Findings (general view of intermediate status)
4. Outlook
7. 7Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Schaffner | Flexibility Infonomics in the Industrial Production …21.02.2017
Scenario of “predictive maintenance”
relevant components of machines and plants are equipped with sensor technologies
these embedded systems are monitoring the wear conditions
if needed, an OPC-UA-event triggers different digital (cloud-)services, e.g.
HR database: searching a technician with specific experiences
HR workforce database: booking this technician
ERP service department: ordering spare parts
ERP material store: allocate specific tools
Content Management: delivering knowledge artifacts
(maintenance instructions)
in various multi-media formats
exactly fitting the
- mobile device capabilities
- education & experience level
ERGO: the knowledge of working behavior migrates to integrated business processes
in traditional factories human actions and decisions is 75% based on implicit knowledge
in smart factories these knowledge has to be transformed into smart services by digitization
1. Problem Settings
Case Study Bosch
(Ferber 2013, 3 Perspektiven 2016)
9. 9Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Schaffner | Flexibility Infonomics in the Industrial Production …21.02.2017
Agenda
Flexibility of Infonomics in the Industrial Production …
1. Problem Settings
2. Research Gap and Scientific Approach
3. Findings (general view of intermediate status)
4. Outlook
10. 10Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Schaffner | Flexibility Infonomics in the Industrial Production …21.02.2017
Digital Transformation in context of technical communication requires
How will the work organization in technical communication change
in context of Industry 4.0
a) along the end-to-end value chain of suppliers, manufacturers
and commercial users (horizontal integration)
b) within the cross-functional IT-Systems of a company (vertical integration)?
(Schaffner 2016a)
2. Research Gap and Scientific Approach
Research Question
digital product lifecycle logbook
(collecting tank for
information artifacts)
sensitive working with the
sector „technical communication“
1 3
standardization of processes
and binding standards
2
semantical structures for
context-sensitive compilation
of artifacts are missing
but bad reputation
and poor investments“
on official sites – by now – only
rough ideas about
standardizations and norms
11. 11Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Schaffner | Flexibility Infonomics in the Industrial Production …21.02.2017
2. Research Gap and Scientific Approach
Scientific Approach
Research, Development & Support programmes
“intelligent information for Request &
Delivery Standard” (iiRDS)
sponsorship: International Association of
Technical Communication e.V.
project management: Prof. Dr. M. Schaffner (since 3/16)
„TecCOMFrame“ - European Academic
Competence Framework for Technical
Communicators
sponsorship: Erasmus+ program, European Union
silent partner: Prof. Dr. M. Schaffner (since 1/17)
“unternehmenswertMensch” in the
program “future of work”
sponsorship: ESF, BMAS, BMBF
accredited partner: Prof. Dr. M. Schaffner (since 10/13)
“Curriculum 4.0 - consequences of
digitization for study reformations at
german universities
sponsorship: Stifterverband
applicants: Prof. Dr. R. Jerrentrup
Prof. Dr. M. Schaffner (07/16)
"Technology-based service systems“ – in
research program "Innovations for
tomorrow's production, service and
work"
sponsorship: BMBF
concept creation: FOM-KCT, Prof. Dr. M. Schaffner (02/16)
ofher fields of empirical observations
continuous evaluation of academic studies official institutions in Industry 4.0 (DIN, Fraunhofer, VDI/VDE,VDMA)
field studies based on qualified vocational network
mid-sized and large enterprises with activities in Industry 4.0
(e.g. ABB, Bosch, Empolis, Festo, B. Krone, KUKA, Leitner, SAP,
Siemens, Trumpf)
active cooperation in the FOM Competence Centre of
Technology and Innovation Management (KCT)
as a member and co-opted scientist
12. 12Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Schaffner | Flexibility Infonomics in the Industrial Production …21.02.2017
Agenda
Flexibility of Infonomics in the Industrial Production …
1. Problem Settings
2. Research Gap and Scientific Approach
3. Findings (general view of intermediate status)
4. Outlook
14. 14Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Schaffner | Flexibility Infonomics in the Industrial Production …21.02.2017
working on
static knowledge
in prevailing settings,
people perform for
these cognitive process
(implicit knowledge)
technical writing is “easy” and just needs
to deliver non-dynamic information
working on dynamically
evolving knowledge
for cognitive processes
in smart devices
technical writing has
to foster metadata-structures which
allows additionally
3. Findings (general view of intermediate status)
Extended Knowledge Management
inspired by Lehner (2012)
Knowledge as a process of convenient interconnection of information
knowledge
class
definition description
situational
knowledge
knowledge of
typical, domain-
specific
situations
correct
classification and
interpretation of
the application
context (eg
operation,
maintenance,
jam-up)
conceptual
knowledge
static
knowledge
about facts,
concepts and
principles
Facts about what
is to be done in a
specific situation
knowledge
class
definition description
procedural
knowledge
acquired through
practice
extension of
factual knowledge
through
experience
(learning curves)
strategic
knowledge
metacognitive
knowledge about
an optimal
structuring of the
problem-solving
behavior
problem-solving
strategies for
problems for
which there are no
general solution
strategies
Industry 3.0 Industry 4.0
15. 15Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Schaffner | Flexibility Infonomics in the Industrial Production …21.02.2017
Rethinking is necessary
no longer thinking in products (e.g. instruction manuals, service literature)
thinking in various usability of information fragments in different situations
in addition to humans, information users can also be smart devices
Modification of job descriptions
80% of the daily work technical writer are creating content
and only 20% they are creating metadata
80% content, 20% meta data 20% content, 80% meta data
creation of content creation of structures
(technical writing today) (technical writing tomorrow)
3. Findings (general view of intermediate status)
Skill Profile Updating
Thiswillreverse!
16. 16Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Schaffner | Flexibility Infonomics in the Industrial Production …21.02.2017
What we need is „intelligent information“
based on gapless data capturing
and semantical interconnections
At first we have to eliminate
digital inefficiencies:
3. Findings (general view of intermediate status)
Digital Inefficiencies in Capturing and Passtrough
(McKinsey 2015, S. 22)
digital non-captured information
is hidden knowledge
and can not be used
in automated knowledge
processes
(horizontal & vertical value chains)
17. 17Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Schaffner | Flexibility Infonomics in the Industrial Production …21.02.2017
How can intelligent information become a reality?
as simple as formidable:
the idea of the International Association of Technical Communication (tekom e.V.)
Thinking backwards – based on the benefit.
provision of usage information must be automated
the benefit is the problem solving
for problem solving we need a delivery
of suitable, concentrated and actual instructions
(not a confusing manual with 500 pages)
at the very first the beginning a
hyper-accurate request is needed
all these leads us to “intelligent information”
o a semantical structure of context and content,
which is representing the cognitive flexibility
of the human brain
o to the tekom standard
»intelligent information Request & Delivery Standard« (iiRDS)
3. Findings (general view of intermediate status)
Implementation of the Customer Centering
www.tekom.de/technische-kommunikation/iirds.html (14.02.2017)
19. 19Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Schaffner | Flexibility Infonomics in the Industrial Production …21.02.2017
3. Findings (general view of intermediate status)
Semantical Model of Technical Information 4.0 (exemplary)
Steps 1 – 4: Request triggering
Steps 5 – 9: Delivery triggering
20. 20Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Schaffner | Flexibility Infonomics in the Industrial Production …21.02.2017
Specific focus: „predictive maintenance“
3. Findings (general view of intermediate status)
Illustration of Job Profile Reform „Knowledge Architect“
knowledge class Exemplary tasks
situational knowledge
• semantical conjunction of machine-readable alarm-signals (e.g. sensor
values embedded in an OPC-UA communication protocol) and context-
sensitive content (e.g. lifecycle stage)
• metadata development to support situation decisions on user-side (e.g.
Big-Data analytic) => What situation could become critical?
• especially across supplier value chains
conceptual knowledge
• action-based matching of local framework conditions and content
(e.g. regarding language, local vocational education)
• conjunction of necessary assistance data (upstream and downstream)
regarding to the specific situation
procedural knowledge
• conjunction of the machine agents with the agents of for example
• HR Infosystem (e.g. profile database, workforce management)
• ERP (e.g. material logistics, spare part department)
• gapless feedback and digitization of service information (experience
knowledge)
strategic knowledge
• heuristic logic, data mining in Big Data for identification of error patterns,
new solution patterns, qualified experts etc.
21. 21Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Schaffner | Flexibility Infonomics in the Industrial Production …21.02.2017
Agenda
Flexibility of Infonomics in the Industrial Production …
1. Problem Settings
2. Research Gap and Scientific Approach
3. Findings (general view of intermediate status)
4. Outlook
22. 22Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Schaffner | Flexibility Infonomics in the Industrial Production …21.02.2017
We are only just on the first meters
of the long way towards
flexibility infonomics in Industry 4.0.
digitalization concepts are needed to avoid digital inefficiencies
(integration of components of the 3rd industrial revolution)
(international) standardization is still under development, e.g. running projects
DIN spec. 91303 (digital product lifecaclelogbook)
Tekom-iiRDS (provisioning standard for intelligent information)
VDI 2770 (digital manufacturers information)
ZVEI RAMI 4.0 (reference architecture model Industry 4.0)
affordable digital cloud-services are needed for integration small-sized companies
(cf. project “Technology-based service systems“ 2017-2020 of Federal Ministery of Education and Research)
4. Outlook
23. 23Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Schaffner | Flexibility Infonomics in the Industrial Production …21.02.2017
3 Perspektiven (2016): Wie implizites Wissen der Wertschöpfungskette zugeführt werden kann („How implicit knowledge can
be transferred in value chains“); www.3perspektiven.de, Handelsblatt 12.12.2016
Brynjolfsson, E.; McAfee, A. (2016): The Second Machine Age; Kulmbach 2016
DKE (2015): Deutsche Normungs-Roadmap Industrie 4.0 („German standardization roadmap“), Berlin 10/2015
Ferber, S. (2013): Bosch - Das Internet der Dinge auf dem Weg in die Fabrik („Internet of things on the way to the factory“); in:
VDMA Nachrichten, Sonderdruck, 3/2013, S. 18ff.
Fraunhofer (2013) (ed.): Produktionsarbeit der Zukunft – Industrie 4.0 („Production work of the future – Industry 4.0“),
Stuttgart 2013
Fritz, M.; Parson, U.; Kreutzer, M. (2016): Intelligent Information Request and Delivery Standard; tekom yearly conference,
Stuttgart, 08.-10.11.2016
Lehner, F. (2012): Wissensmanagement („Knowledge Management“); München 2012
McKinsey (2015) (ed.): Industry 4.0 – How to navigate digitization of the manufacturing sector, München 2015
North, K. (2011): Wissensorientierte Unternehmensführung („Knowledge-oriented Management“); Wiesbaden 2011
PwC (2014) (ed.): Industrie 4.0 – Chancen und Herausforderungen der vierten industriellen Revolution („Opportunities and
challenges of the fourth industrial revolution“), 2014
Schaffner, M. (2012): Wer soll’s machen?– Wissensmanagement als Kernkompetenz der Technischen Kommunikation („Who
should do it? – Knowledge Management as a core competemce of technical communication“), Wissensmanagement
Tage, Stuttgart, 20.11.2012
Schaffner, M. (2013): Wirtschaftlichkeit Technischer Kommunikation erhöhen – Budgets realistisch planen („Profita-bility of
technical communication – realistic budget planning“); in: technische kommunikation, 05/2012, S. 25-30
Schaffner, M. (2014): Krisen kündigen sich an – mit Wissensmanagement Unternehmenskrisen vermeiden („Crises announce
themselves - Avoid business crisis by using knowledge management“), FOM-Symposium, Berlin, 14.10.2014
Schaffner, M. (2016a): Industrie 4.0 – Neue Wissensflüsse in der Technischen Kommunikation? („Industry 4.0 – new
knowledge flow in technical communication“); tekom spring conference, Berlin, 14.-15.04.2016
Schaffner, M. (2016b): tekom iiRDS in der Anwendung („tekom iiRDS in practice“), tekom yearly conference,
Stuttgart, 08.-10.11.2016
tekom (2016): iiRDS – intelligent information Request & Delivery; www.tekom.de/technische-kommunikation/iirds.html
References of Presentation
24. 24Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Schaffner | Flexibility Infonomics in the Industrial Production …21.02.2017
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