Andreas Kagermeier & Werner Gronau Presentation at: 6th Conference on Mobility in a Globalised World Vienna, Austria 26 & 27 September 2016 June 2016 Abstract: Urban tourists have for a long time been focussed on the traditional customised attractions within the so-called tourist bubble. Since a couple of years the discussion on the “New Urban Tourist” emphasises that the so-called explorer tourists tend to discover neighbourhoods “off the beaten track” with the intention to live a city “like the locals”. The traditional spatial segregation of locals and tourist is thus increasingly blurring. The increasing demand of Sharing Economy accommodations allowing to feel like a local and not like a stranger in the city is only indicator one of this phenomenon. Up to now little interest has been paid on the implication of “New Urban Tourism” on the mobility patterns and the requirements of explorer tourists on the transportation offer. Leaving the tourist bubble and merging with the locals in residential quarters means that a more intensive and differentiated use of mobility options arises. This can be seen as a challenge to urban mobility service providers to take into account the specific needs of new types of visitors more intensively. Taking as an example the second German Urban destination Munich, the search of empirical clues concerning new spatial mobility and transport patterns as well as specific needs of the explorer tourists has been undertaken. Some preliminary findings will be presented.

1. New Urban Tourism and its
implications on Tourism Mobility
– the case of Munich
Andreas Kagermeier & Werner Gronau
Trier University & Stralsund University of Applied Sciences, Germany
6th Conference on Mobility in a Globalised World
Vienna, Austria 26 & 27 September 2016
A. Kagermeier & W. Gronau 6th Conference Mobility in a Globalised World, Vienna 26 & 27 Sep. 2016, Slide 2
Point of departure
Urban tourism: a dynamic growth market
Arrivals in German metropolises
Source: Own design using data from: Statistisches Bundesamt (2016)
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Mio

2. A. Kagermeier & W. Gronau 6th Conference Mobility in a Globalised World, Vienna 26 & 27 Sep. 2016, Slide 3
Authenticity
Insider tips
Get into contact
Life with/like
local
Stay in
residential
neighborhood
Sleep in unique
accommodation
Explore off the
beaten track
???
Point of departure
Urban tourism: a dynamic growth market
New Urban Tourism
(Off‐the‐Beaten‐Track; outside the Tourist Bubble; „live like the
Locals“)
A. Kagermeier & W. Gronau 6th Conference Mobility in a Globalised World, Vienna 26 & 27 Sep. 2016, Slide 4
New urban tourism
Post‐fordist, flexible working and living circumstances
 Blurring distinction between tourism and the everyday (including MICE, VFR, multilocal
living); idea of de‐differentiation (LASH 1990, URRY 1995)
 Visitors and creative class inhabitants / employees have similar rhythms and needs
(VOGELPOHL 2012)
Distinktion und Integration
 To take part in the everyday life of the city and its inhabitants is often seen as central to
the tourist experience” (MAITLAND 2008)
 “While people increasingly ‘touristify’ [Larsen, 2008] their everyday life, tourists tend to
take their home behaviors with them when they travel” (PAPPALEPOE et al. 2014: 231)
New Mobility Paradigm
 Tourism mobility is blurring with everyday mobility pattern (HANNAM 2009)

3. Permanent accessibility of travellers
... leads to an overcoming of the traditional
separation between being on holiday and
everyday world. Changes wishes and needs
during their stay.
Ubiquitous available information
... shifts the priorities in the stay-preparation
and design; facilitates and strengthens the
trend to spontaneous activities and
discovering the urban atmosphere.
Mobile transport / mobility information and
reservation services
... facilitate the use of a broader spectrum of transport
means and the flexible usage and reservation.
Photos: Freytag 2009
New media and tourism
Case Study Munich
• ≈ 7 mio. visitors and 14 mio. overnight stays in 2015
• ≈ half of them incoming tourists (Statistisches Bundesamt 2016)
A. Kagermeier & W. Gronau 6th Conference Mobility in a Globalised World, Vienna 26 & 27 Sep. 2016, Slide 6
Source: LHM‐RAW 2014: 17

4. Main Tourist Attractions
A. Kagermeier & W. Gronau 6th Conference Mobility in a Globalised World, Vienna 26 & 27 Sep. 2016, Slide 7
Photos: www.muenchen.de
Secondary Tourist Attractions
A. Kagermeier & W. Gronau 6th Conference Mobility in a Globalised World, Vienna 26 & 27 Sep. 2016, Slide 8
Photos: www.muenchen.de

5. Secondary Tourist Attractions
A. Kagermeier & W. Gronau 6th Conference Mobility in a Globalised World, Vienna 26 & 27 Sep. 2016, Slide 9
Photos: www.muenchen.de
Methodology
• Standardized face-to-face interviews in Munich
(done by a group of students from Trier University)
• 16th to 21th May 2016
• Only overnight guests
• Focus on younger tourists
(>35 years)
• 269 cases
• 54.3 % from abroad
• 52.4 % first time visitors
• 39 % in the historic city centre
A. Kagermeier & W. Gronau 6th Conference Mobility in a Globalised World, Vienna 26 & 27 Sep. 2016, Slide 10

6. Visit of main tourist attractions
A. Kagermeier & W. Gronau 6th Conference Mobility in a Globalised World, Vienna 26 & 27 Sep. 2016, Slide 11
Source: own survey
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Historical City Center
Englischer Garten
Olympiapark
Nymphenburg Palace
First time visitor
Repeat visitor
Visit of secondary tourist attractions
A. Kagermeier & W. Gronau 6th Conference Mobility in a Globalised World, Vienna 26 & 27 Sep. 2016, Slide 12
Source: own survey
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Museums Quarter
Landtag/Friedensengel
Deutsches Museum
Flaucher
Gärtnerplatzviertel /
Glockenbachviertel
Maxvorstadt
Schwabing
Ludwigsvorstadt
Haidhausen
Giesing
BMW-Welt
Allianz Arena
Geiselgasteig / Bavaria Filmstudios
First time visitor Repeat visitor

7. A. Kagermeier & W. Gronau 6th Conference Mobility in a Globalised World, Vienna 26 & 27 Sep. 2016, Slide 13
Historical
City Centre
Olympia-
park
Nymphen-
burg
Palace Englischer
Garten
Deutsches
Museum
Landtag /
Friedens-
engel
Museums-
quarter
Gärtnerplatz
/ Glocken-
bach
Flaucher
Bavaria
Filmstudio
Maxvor-
stadt
Schwabing
Allianz
Arena
BMW Welt
Giesing
Haid-
hausen
Ludwigs-
vorstadt
A. Kagermeier & W. Gronau 6th Conference Mobility in a Globalised World, Vienna 26 & 27 Sep. 2016, Slide 14
Photos: www.s-bahn-muenchen.de
www.mvg.de
www.mvv-muenchen.de

8. Means of transport
A. Kagermeier & W. Gronau 6th Conference Mobility in a Globalised World, Vienna 26 & 27 Sep. 2016, Slide 15
Source: own survey
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Bus
Metro
S-Train
Tramway
Taxi
Private Car
Rental Car
Carsharing
Rental Bike
Bikesharing
Private Bile
First time visitor Repeat visitor
Evaluation Public Transport
A. Kagermeier & W. Gronau 6th Conference Mobility in a Globalised World, Vienna 26 & 27 Sep. 2016, Slide 16
Source: own survey
Bus
Metro
S-Train
Tramway
Average
Unsatisfied Satisfied
1 2 3 4 5
Reliability
Expenses
Comfort/Cleanliness
Flexibility
Accessibility
Sustainability

9. Evaluation Sharing mobility options
A. Kagermeier & W. Gronau 6th Conference Mobility in a Globalised World, Vienna 26 & 27 Sep. 2016, Slide 17
Source: own survey
Unsatisfied Satisfied
Carsharing
Rented Bike
Bikesharing
Average
1 2 3 4 5
Reliability
Expenses
Comfort/Cleanliness
Flexibility
Accessibility
Sustainability
Information on mobility options
A. Kagermeier & W. Gronau 6th Conference Mobility in a Globalised World, Vienna 26 & 27 Sep. 2016, Slide 18
Source: own survey
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Accommodation
Friends / Relatives
Brochures
Websites
Apps

10. One APP for multimodal mobility options
A. Kagermeier & W. Gronau 6th Conference Mobility in a Globalised World, Vienna 26 & 27 Sep. 2016, Slide 19
Fahrinfo
MVG more Information, Routing,
Registration,
Reservation and
Accounting
Source: Kärgel 2015
One APP for multimodal mobility options
A. Kagermeier & W. Gronau 6th Conference Mobility in a Globalised World, Vienna 26 & 27 Sep. 2016, Slide 20
Source: carsharing.mvg‐mobil.de 2016

11. One APP for multimodal mobility options:
Bikesharing
A. Kagermeier & W. Gronau 6th Conference Mobility in a Globalised World, Vienna 26 & 27 Sep. 2016, Slide 21
Source: Kärgel 2015
One APP for multimodal mobility options:
Carsharing
A. Kagermeier & W. Gronau 6th Conference Mobility in a Globalised World, Vienna 26 & 27 Sep. 2016, Slide 22
Source: Kärgel 2015

12. Information on mobility options by origin
A. Kagermeier & W. Gronau 6th Conference Mobility in a Globalised World, Vienna 26 & 27 Sep. 2016, Slide 23
Source: own survey
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Accommodation
Friends / Relatives
Brochures
Websites
Apps
Germany
Europe
Outside Europe
One APP for multimodal mobility options:
A. Kagermeier & W. Gronau 6th Conference Mobility in a Globalised World, Vienna 26 & 27 Sep. 2016, Slide 24
Source: www.mvg.de 2016
Only German speaking target group

13. Conclusions
• Blurring of everyday and leisure has consequences on spatial mobility
patterns
• Temporary visitors become a more and more relevant target group for
urban mobility services (leisure as well as educational and
professional reasons)
Challenges for integrated mobility service providers
• Need to provide effective communication: “you never get a second
chance”
• Importance of multipliers (formal and non-formal)
• Necessity to cope with language barriers
A. Kagermeier & W. Gronau 6th Conference Mobility in a Globalised World, Vienna 26 & 27 Sep. 2016, Slide 25
Thank you for your
attention …
… and we look forward
to a lively discussion
A. Kagermeier & W. Gronau 6th Conference Mobility in a Globalised World, Vienna 26 & 27 Sep. 2016, Slide 26