"Who is affected by FoMO (Fear of Missing Out)? - presentation ecpa 2015Christian Bosau
FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) is a fairly new concept in predicting internet and mobile usage, especially in maladaptive ways.
However, not many measurement instruments are around.
The only existing measurement scale by Przybylski et al. (2013) is assessed and analyzed.
The results show, that the scale should be improved regarding measurement qualities and validity aspect.s
Job satisfaction cross-culturally: Is it just acquiescence what we measure? P...Christian Bosau
This document discusses the challenges of measuring job satisfaction across cultures. It summarizes research showing that job satisfaction scores are influenced by cultural response styles like acquiescence, where some cultures are more likely to agree with survey questions. The study finds a negative relationship between a country's level of acquiescence and its average job satisfaction score. This suggests job satisfaction scores cannot be directly compared between countries without accounting for cultural response styles. The study also finds evidence that the relationship between individualism and job satisfaction may be spurious, and is instead explained by how individualism influences response styles.
Satisfaction measurements in a cross-cultural environment: How valid are subj...Christian Bosau
This document discusses a study examining the validity of comparing job satisfaction measurements across cultures. It finds that response styles like acquiescence bias can influence job satisfaction scores differently across countries. Countries with more individualistic cultures tend to have lower acquiescence and higher reported job satisfaction. However, this relationship between culture and satisfaction may be mediated by response style rather than a direct effect. Response style seems to have a stronger influence on satisfaction scores in wealthier countries with better working conditions, where social and communication norms may be more important. The study suggests response biases need to be considered when making cross-cultural comparisons of subjective measures like job satisfaction.
Die Nutzung von Smartphones in Partnerschaften - Vortrag DGPs 2016Christian Bosau
Hat der überbordende Handy-Konsum auch auf Partnerschaften Auswirkungen? Sind Partner genervt, wenn der jeweils andere immer nur auf sein Handy starrt? Sinkt dadurch die Zufriedenheit mit der Beziehung.
Die Antwort zu allen diesen Fragen ist: JA!
Starke Handy-Nutzung des Partners führt zu einer geringeren Zufriedenheit mit der Partnerschaft. Hierbei wird die starke Handy-Nutzung vor allem durch die "Angst, etwas zu verpassen" (FoMO - Fear of Missing Out) verursacht.
Interessanterweise wird dieser Effekt nicht dadurch abgemildert, wenn Partner lange zusammen wohnen, sich viele Stunden am Tag sehen oder auch generell schon lange zusammen sind.
"Phubbing" - only caused by "Fear of Missing Out"? - Presentation Media Psych...Christian Bosau
Why do people even check their mobile phones regularly when they are together with other people?
So, what is the reason that we have so many "phubber"?
This study compares the explanatary power of one main reason for phubbing - namely FoMO ("Fear of Missing Out") - to other causes for this behaviour: social norms as well as personality traits like social anxiety and concentration issues.
Thus, it's not only the fear to be left out, to miss out important things that make people show phubbing behaviour. People also just copy the behaviour of others and follow social norms. Likewise, concentration ability lowers the phubbing behaviour.
Phubbing because of FoMO? - presentation GOR 2015Christian Bosau
Why do people even check their mobile phones regularly when they are together with other people?
So, what is the reason that we have so many "phubber"?
This study shows the explanatary power of FoMO ("Fear of Missing Out") for this behaviour.
It's the fear to be left out, to miss out important things that make people almost addicted to their phones.
However, interesting differences can be found between males and females, especially in their checking behaviour when they are in company.
Kann Facebook-Nutzung glücklich machen? - Vortrag GWPs 2016Christian Bosau
Während viele Studien sich mit den negativen Folgen der Facebook-Nutzung beschäftigen und dabei aber nicht erklären können, warum viele Menschen Facebook immer und immer wieder nutzen, kann diese Studien die positiven Effekte der Facebook-Nutzung deutlich machen.
Menschen Nutzen Facebook, um Ihren Selbstwert zu erhöhen. Dies gelingt durch die vielen Likes und Kommentare, die man auf seiner Facebook-Seite erhält. Letztendlich steigt durch die Facebook-Nutzung also somit auch die Lebenszufriedenheit
"Who is affected by FoMO (Fear of Missing Out)? - presentation ecpa 2015Christian Bosau
FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) is a fairly new concept in predicting internet and mobile usage, especially in maladaptive ways.
However, not many measurement instruments are around.
The only existing measurement scale by Przybylski et al. (2013) is assessed and analyzed.
The results show, that the scale should be improved regarding measurement qualities and validity aspect.s
Job satisfaction cross-culturally: Is it just acquiescence what we measure? P...Christian Bosau
This document discusses the challenges of measuring job satisfaction across cultures. It summarizes research showing that job satisfaction scores are influenced by cultural response styles like acquiescence, where some cultures are more likely to agree with survey questions. The study finds a negative relationship between a country's level of acquiescence and its average job satisfaction score. This suggests job satisfaction scores cannot be directly compared between countries without accounting for cultural response styles. The study also finds evidence that the relationship between individualism and job satisfaction may be spurious, and is instead explained by how individualism influences response styles.
Satisfaction measurements in a cross-cultural environment: How valid are subj...Christian Bosau
This document discusses a study examining the validity of comparing job satisfaction measurements across cultures. It finds that response styles like acquiescence bias can influence job satisfaction scores differently across countries. Countries with more individualistic cultures tend to have lower acquiescence and higher reported job satisfaction. However, this relationship between culture and satisfaction may be mediated by response style rather than a direct effect. Response style seems to have a stronger influence on satisfaction scores in wealthier countries with better working conditions, where social and communication norms may be more important. The study suggests response biases need to be considered when making cross-cultural comparisons of subjective measures like job satisfaction.
Die Nutzung von Smartphones in Partnerschaften - Vortrag DGPs 2016Christian Bosau
Hat der überbordende Handy-Konsum auch auf Partnerschaften Auswirkungen? Sind Partner genervt, wenn der jeweils andere immer nur auf sein Handy starrt? Sinkt dadurch die Zufriedenheit mit der Beziehung.
Die Antwort zu allen diesen Fragen ist: JA!
Starke Handy-Nutzung des Partners führt zu einer geringeren Zufriedenheit mit der Partnerschaft. Hierbei wird die starke Handy-Nutzung vor allem durch die "Angst, etwas zu verpassen" (FoMO - Fear of Missing Out) verursacht.
Interessanterweise wird dieser Effekt nicht dadurch abgemildert, wenn Partner lange zusammen wohnen, sich viele Stunden am Tag sehen oder auch generell schon lange zusammen sind.
"Phubbing" - only caused by "Fear of Missing Out"? - Presentation Media Psych...Christian Bosau
Why do people even check their mobile phones regularly when they are together with other people?
So, what is the reason that we have so many "phubber"?
This study compares the explanatary power of one main reason for phubbing - namely FoMO ("Fear of Missing Out") - to other causes for this behaviour: social norms as well as personality traits like social anxiety and concentration issues.
Thus, it's not only the fear to be left out, to miss out important things that make people show phubbing behaviour. People also just copy the behaviour of others and follow social norms. Likewise, concentration ability lowers the phubbing behaviour.
Phubbing because of FoMO? - presentation GOR 2015Christian Bosau
Why do people even check their mobile phones regularly when they are together with other people?
So, what is the reason that we have so many "phubber"?
This study shows the explanatary power of FoMO ("Fear of Missing Out") for this behaviour.
It's the fear to be left out, to miss out important things that make people almost addicted to their phones.
However, interesting differences can be found between males and females, especially in their checking behaviour when they are in company.
Kann Facebook-Nutzung glücklich machen? - Vortrag GWPs 2016Christian Bosau
Während viele Studien sich mit den negativen Folgen der Facebook-Nutzung beschäftigen und dabei aber nicht erklären können, warum viele Menschen Facebook immer und immer wieder nutzen, kann diese Studien die positiven Effekte der Facebook-Nutzung deutlich machen.
Menschen Nutzen Facebook, um Ihren Selbstwert zu erhöhen. Dies gelingt durch die vielen Likes und Kommentare, die man auf seiner Facebook-Seite erhält. Letztendlich steigt durch die Facebook-Nutzung also somit auch die Lebenszufriedenheit
Social ratings as the new currency of marketeers? - Presentation GOR 2015Christian Bosau
Do Likes indeed have a positive effect for product ratings of customers?
This study sheds light on this important question in todays online consuming industry and specifies the circumstances under which Likes could only have a positive effect.
The study indeed shows that Likes more likely have - interestingly - a negative effect, especially if combined with test seal like "Stiftung Warentest"
StudiVZ - Determinants of social networking and dissemination of information ...Christian Bosau
This study examined the reasons students join social networks and how they use them. A survey of 723 university students in Germany found that the primary reasons for joining StudiVZ were to stay in contact with others and for the daily importance of the network. Usage was highest among younger, single students and those scoring higher on extraversion. Students disclosed more personal information than they realized and most did not take privacy protection measures, suggesting naivety about information sharing. The findings identify motivations for social media usage and how personality and demographics relate to engagement and privacy behaviors.
"not hired, not bought" - presentation eawop 2015Christian Bosau
The document discusses two studies on the negative effects of recruitment procedures on organizational and product image.
The first study found that receiving a rejection or being entered into a recruitment database led to lower ratings of organizational image, employer image, and intention to apply compared to receiving a job interview invitation. Product ratings were largely unaffected.
The second study replicated these negative effects of rejections on organizational image for different types of companies and products. While product familiarity and buying intentions were unaffected, rejections led to lower product quality ratings, especially for a consumer brand compared to an industrial brand.
In summary, the studies show that rejections and recruitment database entries can damage organizational image and reputation, while mostly not influencing existing product ratings
FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) beeinträchtigt Studienerfolg – Warum man in einer...Christian Bosau
Warum nutzen Menschen pausenlos Ihr Handy? Warum können Studierende es selbst in Lehrveranstaltungen nicht lassen?
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass FoMO - d.h. die Angst etwas zu verpassen - die Menschen dazu treibt und dass die ausufernde Nutzung von beispielsweise Facebook letztendlich zu schlechteren Studienleistungen führt
FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) und die exzessive Smartphone-Nutzung - Tatsächlich...Christian Bosau
Warum nutzen Menschen pausenlos Ihr Handy? Warum können Studierende es selbst in Lehrveranstaltungen nicht lassen?
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass FoMO - d.h. die Angst etwas zu verpassen - als Grund angesehen werden, kann, warum Menschen ein problematisches Smartphone-Nutzungsverhalten zeigen.
Inwieweit diese exzessive Smartphone-Nutzung zu schlechteren Studienleistungen führt, ist jedoch nicht so eindeutig und muss differenzierter betrachtet werden.
The two sides of social media friendship - Presentation at GOR 2016Christian Bosau
This study can show that 'making friends' in social networks is kind of a double edged sword.
While on the one hand more friends can improve the social well being - by e.g. fostering the users' self-esteem through giving of likes -, on the other hand two many friends in social networks lead to a decrease in social well being.
How to explain phubbing - Presentation Media Psychology Conference 2015Christian Bosau
This document summarizes a study examining how Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) predicts compulsive mobile phone use in social situations. The study measured FoMO, frequency of phone checking, habitual checking behavior, and problematic mobile phone use when alone and in company. Regression analysis found FoMO was a strong predictor of problematic phone use for both men and women. FoMO led to higher levels of problematic use, though the effect was stronger for men. The study suggests FoMO and social norms both influence how often people check their phones in social situations.
StudiVZ - Different gratifications for different types of users - Vortrag DGP...Christian Bosau
1) The study examined differences in how extraverted and introverted people use social networking sites like StudiVZ. It found introverted people have fewer friends and social activities offline but compensate by socializing more online.
2) Introverted people reported similar levels of social behavior online as extraverts, whereas offline extraverts engaged in more social activities. This supports the "social compensation" hypothesis that introverts satisfy affiliation needs through online socializing.
3) However, extraverts still had more online friends and pictures, and used StudiVZ more to stay in touch with large networks, so the "rich-get-richer" idea cannot be completely ignored for extraverts. Overall, online social networks allow
Explaining the FoMO-phenomenon - Presentation at GOR 2017Christian Bosau
In recent times it is discussed intensively, how extensive and to some extend uncontrolled usage of online and mobile services can be explained. The concept of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) was introduced as a new important aspect in explaining this behaviour. Several studies could already proof the clear impact of FoMO on the amount of mobile and internet usage. However, it still remains unclear, how FoMO itself can be explained and what the correlates and predictors of this fear are.
Two studies give further insight into the nomological network of FoMO. It can be explained what important correlates and predictors of fear of missing out are and how “fomotics” (people suffering from FoMO) can be characterized.
Privacy protection as a matter of trust: How trust in Facebook and trust in f...Christian Bosau
The document summarizes a study on how trust in Facebook and trust in friends affects privacy protection behavior on social networks. The study found that trust in friends and trust in Facebook are two independent factors. Participants reported much higher trust in their friends compared to Facebook. Low trust in friends led to more privacy protection behaviors like deleting comments and pictures, while low trust in Facebook only influenced withholding of initial profile information. The large number of "friends" on social networks poses risks as people may not be able to predict the behavior of distant connections. General privacy attitudes did not predict specific Facebook behaviors, though specific Facebook privacy concerns also did not influence protection.
Who do you trust: Facebook or your friends? - Analyzing predictors of privacy...Christian Bosau
The study examined predictors of privacy protection behavior on Facebook. It found that trust in one's Facebook friends, rather than trust in Facebook as a platform, better predicted users' privacy behaviors. Specifically, lower trust in one's friends correlated with more frequent use of privacy protection strategies on Facebook, such as restricting profile access, deleting unwanted photos, and providing false information. Additionally, having a larger number of Facebook friends, who are more difficult to predict, related to greater privacy protection efforts. The study concluded that trust in friends, rather than the platform, is an important new issue influencing Facebook users' privacy behaviors.
Personalauswahl in Zeiten von Big Data: Möglichkeiten zur Erhöhung der Akzept...Christian Bosau
Sprachanalysen werden immer öfter in der Personalauswahl eingesetzt. In arbeitnehmerdominierten Rekrutierungsmärkten wird jedoch die Akzeptanz des Auswahlverfahrens seitens der Bewerber immer wichtiger. Die vorliegende Studie testen verschiedene Maßnahmen, wie man die Akzeptanz auf Seiten der Bewerber erhöhen könnte.
If I can virtually touch it, I'll buy it - Vortrag GOR19.pdfChristian Bosau
Presenting products for online purchase is difficult for groceries, especially fresh food, like fruits. This study analysizes the influence of (non) interactive product presentations in the online-grocery sector.
Personal ratings or social proof - Vortrag GOR 2019.pdfChristian Bosau
Electronic word of mouth (eWOM) highly influences costumers.
Main questions of this study: Are total ratings (= social proof) more powerful than personal ratings (= direct experience)? Can a powerful brand buffer the effect of the ratings?
Two kinds of eWOM are compared regarding positive and negative effects.
Akzeptanz von Sprachanalyse im Bewerbungsprozess - Vortrag AOWI-Tagung 2023.pdfChristian Bosau
Sprachanalysen werden immer öfter in der Personalauswahl eingesetzt. In arbeitnehmerdominierten Rekrutierungsmärkten wird jedoch die Akzeptanz des Auswahlverfahrens seitens der Bewerber immer wichtiger. Die vorliegende Studie testen verschiedene Maßnahmen, wie man die Akzeptanz auf Seiten der Bewerber erhöhen könnte.
Social ratings as the new currency of marketeers? - Presentation GOR 2015Christian Bosau
Do Likes indeed have a positive effect for product ratings of customers?
This study sheds light on this important question in todays online consuming industry and specifies the circumstances under which Likes could only have a positive effect.
The study indeed shows that Likes more likely have - interestingly - a negative effect, especially if combined with test seal like "Stiftung Warentest"
StudiVZ - Determinants of social networking and dissemination of information ...Christian Bosau
This study examined the reasons students join social networks and how they use them. A survey of 723 university students in Germany found that the primary reasons for joining StudiVZ were to stay in contact with others and for the daily importance of the network. Usage was highest among younger, single students and those scoring higher on extraversion. Students disclosed more personal information than they realized and most did not take privacy protection measures, suggesting naivety about information sharing. The findings identify motivations for social media usage and how personality and demographics relate to engagement and privacy behaviors.
"not hired, not bought" - presentation eawop 2015Christian Bosau
The document discusses two studies on the negative effects of recruitment procedures on organizational and product image.
The first study found that receiving a rejection or being entered into a recruitment database led to lower ratings of organizational image, employer image, and intention to apply compared to receiving a job interview invitation. Product ratings were largely unaffected.
The second study replicated these negative effects of rejections on organizational image for different types of companies and products. While product familiarity and buying intentions were unaffected, rejections led to lower product quality ratings, especially for a consumer brand compared to an industrial brand.
In summary, the studies show that rejections and recruitment database entries can damage organizational image and reputation, while mostly not influencing existing product ratings
FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) beeinträchtigt Studienerfolg – Warum man in einer...Christian Bosau
Warum nutzen Menschen pausenlos Ihr Handy? Warum können Studierende es selbst in Lehrveranstaltungen nicht lassen?
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass FoMO - d.h. die Angst etwas zu verpassen - die Menschen dazu treibt und dass die ausufernde Nutzung von beispielsweise Facebook letztendlich zu schlechteren Studienleistungen führt
FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) und die exzessive Smartphone-Nutzung - Tatsächlich...Christian Bosau
Warum nutzen Menschen pausenlos Ihr Handy? Warum können Studierende es selbst in Lehrveranstaltungen nicht lassen?
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass FoMO - d.h. die Angst etwas zu verpassen - als Grund angesehen werden, kann, warum Menschen ein problematisches Smartphone-Nutzungsverhalten zeigen.
Inwieweit diese exzessive Smartphone-Nutzung zu schlechteren Studienleistungen führt, ist jedoch nicht so eindeutig und muss differenzierter betrachtet werden.
The two sides of social media friendship - Presentation at GOR 2016Christian Bosau
This study can show that 'making friends' in social networks is kind of a double edged sword.
While on the one hand more friends can improve the social well being - by e.g. fostering the users' self-esteem through giving of likes -, on the other hand two many friends in social networks lead to a decrease in social well being.
How to explain phubbing - Presentation Media Psychology Conference 2015Christian Bosau
This document summarizes a study examining how Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) predicts compulsive mobile phone use in social situations. The study measured FoMO, frequency of phone checking, habitual checking behavior, and problematic mobile phone use when alone and in company. Regression analysis found FoMO was a strong predictor of problematic phone use for both men and women. FoMO led to higher levels of problematic use, though the effect was stronger for men. The study suggests FoMO and social norms both influence how often people check their phones in social situations.
StudiVZ - Different gratifications for different types of users - Vortrag DGP...Christian Bosau
1) The study examined differences in how extraverted and introverted people use social networking sites like StudiVZ. It found introverted people have fewer friends and social activities offline but compensate by socializing more online.
2) Introverted people reported similar levels of social behavior online as extraverts, whereas offline extraverts engaged in more social activities. This supports the "social compensation" hypothesis that introverts satisfy affiliation needs through online socializing.
3) However, extraverts still had more online friends and pictures, and used StudiVZ more to stay in touch with large networks, so the "rich-get-richer" idea cannot be completely ignored for extraverts. Overall, online social networks allow
Explaining the FoMO-phenomenon - Presentation at GOR 2017Christian Bosau
In recent times it is discussed intensively, how extensive and to some extend uncontrolled usage of online and mobile services can be explained. The concept of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) was introduced as a new important aspect in explaining this behaviour. Several studies could already proof the clear impact of FoMO on the amount of mobile and internet usage. However, it still remains unclear, how FoMO itself can be explained and what the correlates and predictors of this fear are.
Two studies give further insight into the nomological network of FoMO. It can be explained what important correlates and predictors of fear of missing out are and how “fomotics” (people suffering from FoMO) can be characterized.
Privacy protection as a matter of trust: How trust in Facebook and trust in f...Christian Bosau
The document summarizes a study on how trust in Facebook and trust in friends affects privacy protection behavior on social networks. The study found that trust in friends and trust in Facebook are two independent factors. Participants reported much higher trust in their friends compared to Facebook. Low trust in friends led to more privacy protection behaviors like deleting comments and pictures, while low trust in Facebook only influenced withholding of initial profile information. The large number of "friends" on social networks poses risks as people may not be able to predict the behavior of distant connections. General privacy attitudes did not predict specific Facebook behaviors, though specific Facebook privacy concerns also did not influence protection.
Who do you trust: Facebook or your friends? - Analyzing predictors of privacy...Christian Bosau
The study examined predictors of privacy protection behavior on Facebook. It found that trust in one's Facebook friends, rather than trust in Facebook as a platform, better predicted users' privacy behaviors. Specifically, lower trust in one's friends correlated with more frequent use of privacy protection strategies on Facebook, such as restricting profile access, deleting unwanted photos, and providing false information. Additionally, having a larger number of Facebook friends, who are more difficult to predict, related to greater privacy protection efforts. The study concluded that trust in friends, rather than the platform, is an important new issue influencing Facebook users' privacy behaviors.
Personalauswahl in Zeiten von Big Data: Möglichkeiten zur Erhöhung der Akzept...Christian Bosau
Sprachanalysen werden immer öfter in der Personalauswahl eingesetzt. In arbeitnehmerdominierten Rekrutierungsmärkten wird jedoch die Akzeptanz des Auswahlverfahrens seitens der Bewerber immer wichtiger. Die vorliegende Studie testen verschiedene Maßnahmen, wie man die Akzeptanz auf Seiten der Bewerber erhöhen könnte.
If I can virtually touch it, I'll buy it - Vortrag GOR19.pdfChristian Bosau
Presenting products for online purchase is difficult for groceries, especially fresh food, like fruits. This study analysizes the influence of (non) interactive product presentations in the online-grocery sector.
Personal ratings or social proof - Vortrag GOR 2019.pdfChristian Bosau
Electronic word of mouth (eWOM) highly influences costumers.
Main questions of this study: Are total ratings (= social proof) more powerful than personal ratings (= direct experience)? Can a powerful brand buffer the effect of the ratings?
Two kinds of eWOM are compared regarding positive and negative effects.
Akzeptanz von Sprachanalyse im Bewerbungsprozess - Vortrag AOWI-Tagung 2023.pdfChristian Bosau
Sprachanalysen werden immer öfter in der Personalauswahl eingesetzt. In arbeitnehmerdominierten Rekrutierungsmärkten wird jedoch die Akzeptanz des Auswahlverfahrens seitens der Bewerber immer wichtiger. Die vorliegende Studie testen verschiedene Maßnahmen, wie man die Akzeptanz auf Seiten der Bewerber erhöhen könnte.
"Fomotiker" und ihr starkes soziales Bedürfnis - Vortrag GWPs 2018Christian Bosau
Die weithin bestätigte ansteigende, exzessive Smartphone-Nutzung wird inzwischen vor allem mit FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) erklärt. Unklar bleibt bisher jedoch weitestgehend, wie überhaupt FoMO entsteht und wie "Fomotiker" charakterisiert werden können.
In drei Online-Studien wurden Zusammenhänge mit Persönlichkeitsaspekten untersucht.
Es zeigt sich, dass "Fomotiker" vor allem Personen sind, die sich sehr stark über ihr soziales Umfeld definieren und für die das Verpassen sozialer Aspekte und Informationen ein Problem darstellt.
Exploring recruitment databases from the applicant's perspective - Poster Con...Christian Bosau
The document reports on a study that examined how different responses from organizations during the recruitment process influence applicants' perceptions of the organization. Specifically, the study looked at how invitations to a job interview, rejection letters, and invitations to join a recruitment database affected applicants' organizational image, employer image, and product image.
The results showed that invitations to a job interview had a positive or neutral effect on applicants' images, while rejection letters and invitations to join a recruitment database negatively impacted the images. Surprisingly, the product image was also negatively influenced. Most importantly, the study found that invitations to join a recruitment database were almost as bad as rejection letters in damaging applicants' images of the organization, as applicants are
Exploring recruitment databases from the applicant's perspective - Poster Con...
Will jeder Mitarbeiter selbst entscheiden, was zu tun ist? Vortrag DGPs Fachgruppen-Tagung AO-Psychologie - Trier 2007
1. Universität zu Köln
Institut für Wirtschafts- und
Sozialpsychologie
Nadine Kampkötter & Christian Bosau
Will jeder Mitarbeiter selbst
entscheiden, was zu tun ist?
Eine Studie zur Akzeptanz von Empowerment in verschiedenen Kulturen
2. Kampkötter & Bosau – Kultur und Empowerment 21.09.2007 – 5. Fachtagung der Fachgruppe AO-Psychologie Seite 2
Bisherige Forschungslage
Zusammenhang von Empowerment und Kultur:
§ kultureller Einfluß auf Empowerment wird überhaupt nicht thematisiert (Conger & Kanungo, 1988)
§ Empowerment soll in allen Kulturen funktionieren (Randolph & Sashkin, 2002; Randolph, 2000)
jedoch:
§ die Wirksamkeit von Empowerment wird auf nationaler sowie auf individueller Ebene
moderiert von der Ausprägung von Machtdistanz (Hui, Au & Fock, 2004): nur bei geringer
Machtdistanz wirkt Empowerment positiv
! jedoch kein Test von anderen Kulturdimensionen
§ ein moderierender Einfluß von Kultur wird inzwischen durchaus anerkannt (Seibert, Silver &
Randolph, 2004)
§ kein Unterschied bzgl. Zufriedenheit bei Empowerment zwischen Ostasiaten (hohe
Machtdistanz) und Kanadiern (geringe Machtdistanz) (Eylon & Au, 1999)
! jedoch keine explizite Messung von Machtdistanz
§ Empowerment führt zwar zu geringerer Arbeitszufriedenheit in Indien, aber zu höherer in
USA, Mexiko und Polen (Robert, Probst, Martocchio, Drasgow & Lawler; 2000)
! jedoch nur Messung von nationalem Individualismus/Kollektivismus
3. Kampkötter & Bosau – Kultur und Empowerment 21.09.2007 – 5. Fachtagung der Fachgruppe AO-Psychologie Seite 3
Ausgangspunkt der Studie
Aktuelle thematische Einbindung:
§ Internationalisierung/Globalisierung
§ unkritische Übertragung von amerikanisierten Management-Konzepten
§ jedoch: Sensibilität in cross-kultureller Forschung für Unterschiede von Kulturen
Fazit Forschungslage:
§ bloße Behauptung der globalen Wirksamkeit von Management-Konzepten
§ oft keine explizite Messung von Kultur – nur ex-post-Schlußfolgerung aufgrund
von nationaler Zugehörigkeit
§ oft nur Beschränkung auf eine Kulturdimension
4. Kampkötter & Bosau – Kultur und Empowerment 21.09.2007 – 5. Fachtagung der Fachgruppe AO-Psychologie Seite 4
Die Untersuchung - I
Ablauf der Untersuchung:
§ Rekrutierung von deutschen und ausländischen Studenten der Uni Köln
§ Messung anhand von Szenario-Studie
§ Betrachtung aller Kulturdimensionen von Hofstede (nationales Level) und explizite Messung
von Schwartz´s Kulturwerten (individuelles Level)
§ between-subject-Design mit 2 (Empowerment vs. Nicht-Empowerment) x 2
(Kulturdimension hoch vs. niedrig)
§ Einteilung der Stichprobe für jede Kulturdimension in 2 Gruppen
a) Nationale Kultur: deutsche Stichprobe vs. jeweilige Extremgruppe
à d.h. zum Beispiel für Individualismus (Hofstede):
Deutschland = individualistisch vs. Extremgruppe = kollektivistisch
b) individuelle Kultur: Mediansplit
à d.h. zum Beispiel für Conformity (Schwartz):
hoch konformistisch vs. gering konformistisch
5. Kampkötter & Bosau – Kultur und Empowerment 21.09.2007 – 5. Fachtagung der Fachgruppe AO-Psychologie Seite 5
§ abhängige Variablen:
a) Akzeptanz (α = .86)
„In der geschilderten Situation könnte ich nicht dauerhaft arbeiten.“
„Diese Arbeitssituation entspricht meiner Vorstellung von einem optimalen Arbeitsplatz.“
„Wäre ich in dieser Situation, würde ich mich nach einer neuen Aufgabe umsehen.“
„In dieser Arbeitssituation steigt die Mitarbeiterzufriedenheit.“
b) Leistung(sfähigkeit) (α = .75)
„In der geschilderten Situation könnte ich gute Leistungen erbringen.“
„In dieser Arbeitssituation steigt die Produktivität des Unternehmens.“
„Die Situation wirkt sich negativ auf die Leistung der Mitarbeiter aus.“
Die Untersuchung - II
Stichprobe:
§ n=231 Studenten, 105 deutsche Studenten, 126 ausländische Studenten
§ Durchschnittsalter = 23,7 Jahre
§ ausländische Studenten waren Austauschstudenten, die erst seit kurzem in Deutschland
sind und sich daher noch nicht stark an die deutsche Kultur angepaßt haben können
6. Kampkötter & Bosau – Kultur und Empowerment 21.09.2007 – 5. Fachtagung der Fachgruppe AO-Psychologie Seite 6
Hypothesen – nationale Kultur
Akzeptanz und Leistung(sfähigkeit) bzgl. Empowerment ist höher in …
… individualistischen Kulturen
… Kulturen mit niedriger Machtdistanz
… Kulturen mit niedriger Unsicherheitsvermeidung
… Kulturen mit hoher Maskulitinität
7. Kampkötter & Bosau – Kultur und Empowerment 21.09.2007 – 5. Fachtagung der Fachgruppe AO-Psychologie Seite 7
Ergebnisse – nationale Kultur –
Individualismus
Akzeptanz: Leistung:
F(1) = 10,339; p < .01; η² = 0,055 F(1) = 7,980; p < .01; η² = 0,043
3,76
3,48
2,53
2,82
2,5
3
3,5
4
IND (D) KOLL (Welt)
empowered nicht-empowered
3,56
3,30
2,29
1,90
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
IND (D) KOLL (Welt)
empowered nicht-empowered
11. Kampkötter & Bosau – Kultur und Empowerment 21.09.2007 – 5. Fachtagung der Fachgruppe AO-Psychologie Seite 11
Ergebnisse – nationale Kultur
§ Akzeptanz ist in der Empowerment-Bedingung höher und in der Nicht-Empowerment-
Bedingung niedriger in …
… individualistischen Kulturen
… Kulturen mit niedriger Machtdistanz
… Kulturen mit niedriger Unsicherheitsvermeidung
… Kulturen mit hoher Maskulitinität
§ Leistung(sfähigkeit) ist in der Empowerment-Bedingung höher und in der Nicht-
Empowerment-Bedingung niedriger in …
… individualistischen Kulturen
… Kulturen mit niedriger Machtdistanz
… Kulturen mit niedriger Unsicherheitsvermeidung
… Kulturen mit hoher Maskulitinität
12. Kampkötter & Bosau – Kultur und Empowerment 21.09.2007 – 5. Fachtagung der Fachgruppe AO-Psychologie Seite 12
Hypothesen –
individuelle Kulturwerte
Akzeptanz und Leistung(sfähigkeit) bzgl. Empowerment sollte eher vorhanden
sein bei ...
… hohen Power- und Achievement-Werten
… hohen Stimulation- und Self-Direction-Werten
… niedrigen Conformity- und Security-Werten
13. Kampkötter & Bosau – Kultur und Empowerment 21.09.2007 – 5. Fachtagung der Fachgruppe AO-Psychologie Seite 13
Ergebnisse – individuelle Kultur –
Power
Leistung:
F(1) = 4,616; p < .05; η² = 0,02 F(1) = 5,370; p < .05; η² = 0,023
3,69
3,46
2,57
2,78
2,5
3
3,5
4
Power hoch Power niedrig
empowered nicht-empowered
3,49
3,33
2,22
1,98
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
Power hoch Power niedrig
empowered nicht-empowered
Akzeptanz:
16. Kampkötter & Bosau – Kultur und Empowerment 21.09.2007 – 5. Fachtagung der Fachgruppe AO-Psychologie Seite 16
Ergebnisse –
individuelle Kulturwerte
§ Akzeptanz ist in der Empowerment-Bedingung höher und in der Nicht-Empowerment-
Bedingung niedriger bei …
… hohen Power- und Achievement-Werten
… hohen Stimulation- und Self-Direction-Werten
… niedrigen Conformity- und Security-Werten
§ Leistung(sfähigkeit) ist in der Empowerment-Bedingung höher und in der Nicht-
Empowerment-Bedingung niedriger bei …
… hohen Power-Werten
… hohen Stimulation-Werten
… hohen Conformity-Werten
17. Kampkötter & Bosau – Kultur und Empowerment 21.09.2007 – 5. Fachtagung der Fachgruppe AO-Psychologie Seite 17
Fazit
Wirksamkeit von Empowerment:
Die Wirksamkeit von Empowerment ist nicht unabhängig von kulturellen Werten –
weder auf der nationalen noch auf der individuellen Ebene:
§ Empowerment wird eher akzeptiert in individualistischen Nationen, bei
geringer Machtdistanz, bei hoher Maskulinität und bei geringerer
Unsicherheitsvermeidung
§ Empowerment wird eher akzeptiert von Mitarbeitern mit hohem Bedarf nach
persönlicher Weiterentwicklung (Achievement, Power), mit hoher
Veränderungsbereitschaft (Stimulation, Self-Direction) und weniger bei
Mitarbeitern mit Verlangen nach Sicherheit und Angepaßtheit (Conformity,
Security)
Bedeutung:
§ Management-Konzepte aus einem kulturellen Umfeld (zumeist
westlich/amerikanisch) lassen sich nicht unkritisch und ohne Beachtung des
jeweiligen kulturellen Umfeldes auf andere Nationen übertragen
18. Kampkötter & Bosau – Kultur und Empowerment 21.09.2007 – 5. Fachtagung der Fachgruppe AO-Psychologie Seite 18
Vielen Dank für Ihre
Aufmerksamkeit!
nadine.kampkoetter@t-online.de
christian.bosau@uni-koeln.de