Why do people even check their mobile phones regularly when they are together with other people?
So, what is the reason that we have so many "phubber"?
This study compares the explanatary power of one main reason for phubbing - namely FoMO ("Fear of Missing Out") - to other causes for this behaviour: social norms as well as personality traits like social anxiety and concentration issues.
Thus, it's not only the fear to be left out, to miss out important things that make people show phubbing behaviour. People also just copy the behaviour of others and follow social norms. Likewise, concentration ability lowers the phubbing behaviour.
"Fomotiker" und ihr starkes soziales Bedürfnis - Vortrag GWPs 2018Christian Bosau
Die weithin bestätigte ansteigende, exzessive Smartphone-Nutzung wird inzwischen vor allem mit FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) erklärt. Unklar bleibt bisher jedoch weitestgehend, wie überhaupt FoMO entsteht und wie "Fomotiker" charakterisiert werden können.
In drei Online-Studien wurden Zusammenhänge mit Persönlichkeitsaspekten untersucht.
Es zeigt sich, dass "Fomotiker" vor allem Personen sind, die sich sehr stark über ihr soziales Umfeld definieren und für die das Verpassen sozialer Aspekte und Informationen ein Problem darstellt.
Die Nutzung von Smartphones in Partnerschaften - Vortrag DGPs 2016Christian Bosau
Hat der überbordende Handy-Konsum auch auf Partnerschaften Auswirkungen? Sind Partner genervt, wenn der jeweils andere immer nur auf sein Handy starrt? Sinkt dadurch die Zufriedenheit mit der Beziehung.
Die Antwort zu allen diesen Fragen ist: JA!
Starke Handy-Nutzung des Partners führt zu einer geringeren Zufriedenheit mit der Partnerschaft. Hierbei wird die starke Handy-Nutzung vor allem durch die "Angst, etwas zu verpassen" (FoMO - Fear of Missing Out) verursacht.
Interessanterweise wird dieser Effekt nicht dadurch abgemildert, wenn Partner lange zusammen wohnen, sich viele Stunden am Tag sehen oder auch generell schon lange zusammen sind.
FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) beeinträchtigt Studienerfolg – Warum man in einer...Christian Bosau
Warum nutzen Menschen pausenlos Ihr Handy? Warum können Studierende es selbst in Lehrveranstaltungen nicht lassen?
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass FoMO - d.h. die Angst etwas zu verpassen - die Menschen dazu treibt und dass die ausufernde Nutzung von beispielsweise Facebook letztendlich zu schlechteren Studienleistungen führt
FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) und die exzessive Smartphone-Nutzung - Tatsächlich...Christian Bosau
Warum nutzen Menschen pausenlos Ihr Handy? Warum können Studierende es selbst in Lehrveranstaltungen nicht lassen?
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass FoMO - d.h. die Angst etwas zu verpassen - als Grund angesehen werden, kann, warum Menschen ein problematisches Smartphone-Nutzungsverhalten zeigen.
Inwieweit diese exzessive Smartphone-Nutzung zu schlechteren Studienleistungen führt, ist jedoch nicht so eindeutig und muss differenzierter betrachtet werden.
How to explain phubbing - Presentation Media Psychology Conference 2015Christian Bosau
This document summarizes a study examining how Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) predicts compulsive mobile phone use in social situations. The study measured FoMO, frequency of phone checking, habitual checking behavior, and problematic mobile phone use when alone and in company. Regression analysis found FoMO was a strong predictor of problematic phone use for both men and women. FoMO led to higher levels of problematic use, though the effect was stronger for men. The study suggests FoMO and social norms both influence how often people check their phones in social situations.
"Fomotiker" und ihr starkes soziales Bedürfnis - Vortrag GWPs 2018Christian Bosau
Die weithin bestätigte ansteigende, exzessive Smartphone-Nutzung wird inzwischen vor allem mit FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) erklärt. Unklar bleibt bisher jedoch weitestgehend, wie überhaupt FoMO entsteht und wie "Fomotiker" charakterisiert werden können.
In drei Online-Studien wurden Zusammenhänge mit Persönlichkeitsaspekten untersucht.
Es zeigt sich, dass "Fomotiker" vor allem Personen sind, die sich sehr stark über ihr soziales Umfeld definieren und für die das Verpassen sozialer Aspekte und Informationen ein Problem darstellt.
Die Nutzung von Smartphones in Partnerschaften - Vortrag DGPs 2016Christian Bosau
Hat der überbordende Handy-Konsum auch auf Partnerschaften Auswirkungen? Sind Partner genervt, wenn der jeweils andere immer nur auf sein Handy starrt? Sinkt dadurch die Zufriedenheit mit der Beziehung.
Die Antwort zu allen diesen Fragen ist: JA!
Starke Handy-Nutzung des Partners führt zu einer geringeren Zufriedenheit mit der Partnerschaft. Hierbei wird die starke Handy-Nutzung vor allem durch die "Angst, etwas zu verpassen" (FoMO - Fear of Missing Out) verursacht.
Interessanterweise wird dieser Effekt nicht dadurch abgemildert, wenn Partner lange zusammen wohnen, sich viele Stunden am Tag sehen oder auch generell schon lange zusammen sind.
FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) beeinträchtigt Studienerfolg – Warum man in einer...Christian Bosau
Warum nutzen Menschen pausenlos Ihr Handy? Warum können Studierende es selbst in Lehrveranstaltungen nicht lassen?
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass FoMO - d.h. die Angst etwas zu verpassen - die Menschen dazu treibt und dass die ausufernde Nutzung von beispielsweise Facebook letztendlich zu schlechteren Studienleistungen führt
FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) und die exzessive Smartphone-Nutzung - Tatsächlich...Christian Bosau
Warum nutzen Menschen pausenlos Ihr Handy? Warum können Studierende es selbst in Lehrveranstaltungen nicht lassen?
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass FoMO - d.h. die Angst etwas zu verpassen - als Grund angesehen werden, kann, warum Menschen ein problematisches Smartphone-Nutzungsverhalten zeigen.
Inwieweit diese exzessive Smartphone-Nutzung zu schlechteren Studienleistungen führt, ist jedoch nicht so eindeutig und muss differenzierter betrachtet werden.
How to explain phubbing - Presentation Media Psychology Conference 2015Christian Bosau
This document summarizes a study examining how Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) predicts compulsive mobile phone use in social situations. The study measured FoMO, frequency of phone checking, habitual checking behavior, and problematic mobile phone use when alone and in company. Regression analysis found FoMO was a strong predictor of problematic phone use for both men and women. FoMO led to higher levels of problematic use, though the effect was stronger for men. The study suggests FoMO and social norms both influence how often people check their phones in social situations.
Who do you trust: Facebook or your friends? - Analyzing predictors of privacy...Christian Bosau
The study examined predictors of privacy protection behavior on Facebook. It found that trust in one's Facebook friends, rather than trust in Facebook as a platform, better predicted users' privacy behaviors. Specifically, lower trust in one's friends correlated with more frequent use of privacy protection strategies on Facebook, such as restricting profile access, deleting unwanted photos, and providing false information. Additionally, having a larger number of Facebook friends, who are more difficult to predict, related to greater privacy protection efforts. The study concluded that trust in friends, rather than the platform, is an important new issue influencing Facebook users' privacy behaviors.
Privacy protection as a matter of trust: How trust in Facebook and trust in f...Christian Bosau
The document summarizes a study on how trust in Facebook and trust in friends affects privacy protection behavior on social networks. The study found that trust in friends and trust in Facebook are two independent factors. Participants reported much higher trust in their friends compared to Facebook. Low trust in friends led to more privacy protection behaviors like deleting comments and pictures, while low trust in Facebook only influenced withholding of initial profile information. The large number of "friends" on social networks poses risks as people may not be able to predict the behavior of distant connections. General privacy attitudes did not predict specific Facebook behaviors, though specific Facebook privacy concerns also did not influence protection.
StudiVZ - Different gratifications for different types of users - Vortrag DGP...Christian Bosau
1) The study examined differences in how extraverted and introverted people use social networking sites like StudiVZ. It found introverted people have fewer friends and social activities offline but compensate by socializing more online.
2) Introverted people reported similar levels of social behavior online as extraverts, whereas offline extraverts engaged in more social activities. This supports the "social compensation" hypothesis that introverts satisfy affiliation needs through online socializing.
3) However, extraverts still had more online friends and pictures, and used StudiVZ more to stay in touch with large networks, so the "rich-get-richer" idea cannot be completely ignored for extraverts. Overall, online social networks allow
Explaining the FoMO-phenomenon - Presentation at GOR 2017Christian Bosau
In recent times it is discussed intensively, how extensive and to some extend uncontrolled usage of online and mobile services can be explained. The concept of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) was introduced as a new important aspect in explaining this behaviour. Several studies could already proof the clear impact of FoMO on the amount of mobile and internet usage. However, it still remains unclear, how FoMO itself can be explained and what the correlates and predictors of this fear are.
Two studies give further insight into the nomological network of FoMO. It can be explained what important correlates and predictors of fear of missing out are and how “fomotics” (people suffering from FoMO) can be characterized.
The two sides of social media friendship - Presentation at GOR 2016Christian Bosau
This study can show that 'making friends' in social networks is kind of a double edged sword.
While on the one hand more friends can improve the social well being - by e.g. fostering the users' self-esteem through giving of likes -, on the other hand two many friends in social networks lead to a decrease in social well being.
StudiVZ - Determinants of social networking and dissemination of information ...Christian Bosau
This study examined the reasons students join social networks and how they use them. A survey of 723 university students in Germany found that the primary reasons for joining StudiVZ were to stay in contact with others and for the daily importance of the network. Usage was highest among younger, single students and those scoring higher on extraversion. Students disclosed more personal information than they realized and most did not take privacy protection measures, suggesting naivety about information sharing. The findings identify motivations for social media usage and how personality and demographics relate to engagement and privacy behaviors.
Satisfaction measurements in a cross-cultural environment: How valid are subj...Christian Bosau
This document discusses a study examining the validity of comparing job satisfaction measurements across cultures. It finds that response styles like acquiescence bias can influence job satisfaction scores differently across countries. Countries with more individualistic cultures tend to have lower acquiescence and higher reported job satisfaction. However, this relationship between culture and satisfaction may be mediated by response style rather than a direct effect. Response style seems to have a stronger influence on satisfaction scores in wealthier countries with better working conditions, where social and communication norms may be more important. The study suggests response biases need to be considered when making cross-cultural comparisons of subjective measures like job satisfaction.
Phubbing because of FoMO? - presentation GOR 2015Christian Bosau
Why do people even check their mobile phones regularly when they are together with other people?
So, what is the reason that we have so many "phubber"?
This study shows the explanatary power of FoMO ("Fear of Missing Out") for this behaviour.
It's the fear to be left out, to miss out important things that make people almost addicted to their phones.
However, interesting differences can be found between males and females, especially in their checking behaviour when they are in company.
Job satisfaction cross-culturally: Is it just acquiescence what we measure? P...Christian Bosau
This document discusses the challenges of measuring job satisfaction across cultures. It summarizes research showing that job satisfaction scores are influenced by cultural response styles like acquiescence, where some cultures are more likely to agree with survey questions. The study finds a negative relationship between a country's level of acquiescence and its average job satisfaction score. This suggests job satisfaction scores cannot be directly compared between countries without accounting for cultural response styles. The study also finds evidence that the relationship between individualism and job satisfaction may be spurious, and is instead explained by how individualism influences response styles.
"Who is affected by FoMO (Fear of Missing Out)? - presentation ecpa 2015Christian Bosau
FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) is a fairly new concept in predicting internet and mobile usage, especially in maladaptive ways.
However, not many measurement instruments are around.
The only existing measurement scale by Przybylski et al. (2013) is assessed and analyzed.
The results show, that the scale should be improved regarding measurement qualities and validity aspect.s
"not hired, not bought" - presentation eawop 2015Christian Bosau
The document discusses two studies on the negative effects of recruitment procedures on organizational and product image.
The first study found that receiving a rejection or being entered into a recruitment database led to lower ratings of organizational image, employer image, and intention to apply compared to receiving a job interview invitation. Product ratings were largely unaffected.
The second study replicated these negative effects of rejections on organizational image for different types of companies and products. While product familiarity and buying intentions were unaffected, rejections led to lower product quality ratings, especially for a consumer brand compared to an industrial brand.
In summary, the studies show that rejections and recruitment database entries can damage organizational image and reputation, while mostly not influencing existing product ratings
Kann Facebook-Nutzung glücklich machen? - Vortrag GWPs 2016Christian Bosau
Während viele Studien sich mit den negativen Folgen der Facebook-Nutzung beschäftigen und dabei aber nicht erklären können, warum viele Menschen Facebook immer und immer wieder nutzen, kann diese Studien die positiven Effekte der Facebook-Nutzung deutlich machen.
Menschen Nutzen Facebook, um Ihren Selbstwert zu erhöhen. Dies gelingt durch die vielen Likes und Kommentare, die man auf seiner Facebook-Seite erhält. Letztendlich steigt durch die Facebook-Nutzung also somit auch die Lebenszufriedenheit
Social ratings as the new currency of marketeers? - Presentation GOR 2015Christian Bosau
Do Likes indeed have a positive effect for product ratings of customers?
This study sheds light on this important question in todays online consuming industry and specifies the circumstances under which Likes could only have a positive effect.
The study indeed shows that Likes more likely have - interestingly - a negative effect, especially if combined with test seal like "Stiftung Warentest"
Who do you trust: Facebook or your friends? - Analyzing predictors of privacy...Christian Bosau
The study examined predictors of privacy protection behavior on Facebook. It found that trust in one's Facebook friends, rather than trust in Facebook as a platform, better predicted users' privacy behaviors. Specifically, lower trust in one's friends correlated with more frequent use of privacy protection strategies on Facebook, such as restricting profile access, deleting unwanted photos, and providing false information. Additionally, having a larger number of Facebook friends, who are more difficult to predict, related to greater privacy protection efforts. The study concluded that trust in friends, rather than the platform, is an important new issue influencing Facebook users' privacy behaviors.
Privacy protection as a matter of trust: How trust in Facebook and trust in f...Christian Bosau
The document summarizes a study on how trust in Facebook and trust in friends affects privacy protection behavior on social networks. The study found that trust in friends and trust in Facebook are two independent factors. Participants reported much higher trust in their friends compared to Facebook. Low trust in friends led to more privacy protection behaviors like deleting comments and pictures, while low trust in Facebook only influenced withholding of initial profile information. The large number of "friends" on social networks poses risks as people may not be able to predict the behavior of distant connections. General privacy attitudes did not predict specific Facebook behaviors, though specific Facebook privacy concerns also did not influence protection.
StudiVZ - Different gratifications for different types of users - Vortrag DGP...Christian Bosau
1) The study examined differences in how extraverted and introverted people use social networking sites like StudiVZ. It found introverted people have fewer friends and social activities offline but compensate by socializing more online.
2) Introverted people reported similar levels of social behavior online as extraverts, whereas offline extraverts engaged in more social activities. This supports the "social compensation" hypothesis that introverts satisfy affiliation needs through online socializing.
3) However, extraverts still had more online friends and pictures, and used StudiVZ more to stay in touch with large networks, so the "rich-get-richer" idea cannot be completely ignored for extraverts. Overall, online social networks allow
Explaining the FoMO-phenomenon - Presentation at GOR 2017Christian Bosau
In recent times it is discussed intensively, how extensive and to some extend uncontrolled usage of online and mobile services can be explained. The concept of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) was introduced as a new important aspect in explaining this behaviour. Several studies could already proof the clear impact of FoMO on the amount of mobile and internet usage. However, it still remains unclear, how FoMO itself can be explained and what the correlates and predictors of this fear are.
Two studies give further insight into the nomological network of FoMO. It can be explained what important correlates and predictors of fear of missing out are and how “fomotics” (people suffering from FoMO) can be characterized.
The two sides of social media friendship - Presentation at GOR 2016Christian Bosau
This study can show that 'making friends' in social networks is kind of a double edged sword.
While on the one hand more friends can improve the social well being - by e.g. fostering the users' self-esteem through giving of likes -, on the other hand two many friends in social networks lead to a decrease in social well being.
StudiVZ - Determinants of social networking and dissemination of information ...Christian Bosau
This study examined the reasons students join social networks and how they use them. A survey of 723 university students in Germany found that the primary reasons for joining StudiVZ were to stay in contact with others and for the daily importance of the network. Usage was highest among younger, single students and those scoring higher on extraversion. Students disclosed more personal information than they realized and most did not take privacy protection measures, suggesting naivety about information sharing. The findings identify motivations for social media usage and how personality and demographics relate to engagement and privacy behaviors.
Satisfaction measurements in a cross-cultural environment: How valid are subj...Christian Bosau
This document discusses a study examining the validity of comparing job satisfaction measurements across cultures. It finds that response styles like acquiescence bias can influence job satisfaction scores differently across countries. Countries with more individualistic cultures tend to have lower acquiescence and higher reported job satisfaction. However, this relationship between culture and satisfaction may be mediated by response style rather than a direct effect. Response style seems to have a stronger influence on satisfaction scores in wealthier countries with better working conditions, where social and communication norms may be more important. The study suggests response biases need to be considered when making cross-cultural comparisons of subjective measures like job satisfaction.
Phubbing because of FoMO? - presentation GOR 2015Christian Bosau
Why do people even check their mobile phones regularly when they are together with other people?
So, what is the reason that we have so many "phubber"?
This study shows the explanatary power of FoMO ("Fear of Missing Out") for this behaviour.
It's the fear to be left out, to miss out important things that make people almost addicted to their phones.
However, interesting differences can be found between males and females, especially in their checking behaviour when they are in company.
Job satisfaction cross-culturally: Is it just acquiescence what we measure? P...Christian Bosau
This document discusses the challenges of measuring job satisfaction across cultures. It summarizes research showing that job satisfaction scores are influenced by cultural response styles like acquiescence, where some cultures are more likely to agree with survey questions. The study finds a negative relationship between a country's level of acquiescence and its average job satisfaction score. This suggests job satisfaction scores cannot be directly compared between countries without accounting for cultural response styles. The study also finds evidence that the relationship between individualism and job satisfaction may be spurious, and is instead explained by how individualism influences response styles.
"Who is affected by FoMO (Fear of Missing Out)? - presentation ecpa 2015Christian Bosau
FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) is a fairly new concept in predicting internet and mobile usage, especially in maladaptive ways.
However, not many measurement instruments are around.
The only existing measurement scale by Przybylski et al. (2013) is assessed and analyzed.
The results show, that the scale should be improved regarding measurement qualities and validity aspect.s
"not hired, not bought" - presentation eawop 2015Christian Bosau
The document discusses two studies on the negative effects of recruitment procedures on organizational and product image.
The first study found that receiving a rejection or being entered into a recruitment database led to lower ratings of organizational image, employer image, and intention to apply compared to receiving a job interview invitation. Product ratings were largely unaffected.
The second study replicated these negative effects of rejections on organizational image for different types of companies and products. While product familiarity and buying intentions were unaffected, rejections led to lower product quality ratings, especially for a consumer brand compared to an industrial brand.
In summary, the studies show that rejections and recruitment database entries can damage organizational image and reputation, while mostly not influencing existing product ratings
Kann Facebook-Nutzung glücklich machen? - Vortrag GWPs 2016Christian Bosau
Während viele Studien sich mit den negativen Folgen der Facebook-Nutzung beschäftigen und dabei aber nicht erklären können, warum viele Menschen Facebook immer und immer wieder nutzen, kann diese Studien die positiven Effekte der Facebook-Nutzung deutlich machen.
Menschen Nutzen Facebook, um Ihren Selbstwert zu erhöhen. Dies gelingt durch die vielen Likes und Kommentare, die man auf seiner Facebook-Seite erhält. Letztendlich steigt durch die Facebook-Nutzung also somit auch die Lebenszufriedenheit
Social ratings as the new currency of marketeers? - Presentation GOR 2015Christian Bosau
Do Likes indeed have a positive effect for product ratings of customers?
This study sheds light on this important question in todays online consuming industry and specifies the circumstances under which Likes could only have a positive effect.
The study indeed shows that Likes more likely have - interestingly - a negative effect, especially if combined with test seal like "Stiftung Warentest"
Social ratings as the new currency of marketeers? - Presentation GOR 2015
"Phubbing" - only caused by "Fear of Missing Out"? - Presentation Media Psychology Conference 2017
1. “Phubbing”, only caused by “Fear of
Missing Out”?
Comparing different causes of
problematic usage of mobile phones in
social situations
C. Bosau & J. Panakkal
5. Media Psychology 2017Bosau & Panakkal: “Phubbing”, only caused by “Fear of Missing Out”?
Previous results: Phubbing
5
What we already know:
• Phubbing indeed has negative consequences:
• for social interaction: inferior conversation and lower levels of empathy
(Misra, Cheng, Genevie & Yuan, 2014)
• for romantic relationships: less satisfaction and lower individual well-
being (Bosau & Ruvinsky, 2016; Krasnova, Abramova, Notter & Baumann, 2016; McDaniel & Coyne,
2016; Roberts & David, 2016)
• for leader-employee-relationships: lower employee engagement (Roberts &
David, 2017)
Important question:
How can this strange and contradictory behaviour be explained?
8. Media Psychology 2017Bosau & Panakkal: “Phubbing”, only caused by “Fear of Missing Out”?
Previous results: Fear-of-missing-
Out
8
What we already know:
• Mobile phones are potential addiction sources (Carbonell, Oberst & Beranuy, 2013)
• FoMO correlates highly with social media engagement in general (Przybylski, Murayama,
DeHaan, & Gladwell, 2013) and Facebook usage in particular (Bosau, Aelker & Amaadachou, 2014)
• FoMO correlates with problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) and habitual
checking behaviour (Collins, 2013)
• INDEED:
FoMO is also an important predictor of phubbing (Bosau & Kühn, 2015; Chotpitayasunondh &
Douglas, 2016)
Remaining questions:
Are there other predictors? What are the predictors, that can explain this
contradictory behaviour?
9. Media Psychology 2017Bosau & Panakkal: “Phubbing”, only caused by “Fear of Missing Out”?
The study
9
Former studies:
§ many looked at FoMO only
§ FoMO can only explain about 5-15%
of the variance
à there is a lot left and unexplained!
This study:
§ looked intensively at the literature
for theoratically plausible
predictors
§ integrated FoMO and several
other measures of personality
Method:
• Online questionnaire (posted via Facebook, mailing-lists and personal
emails, partly snowball sampling) in spring 2016
• N = 309
• age: 15 to 59 years:
< 18y = 3%, 18-25y = 50%, 26-30y = 25%, 31-40y = 13%, > 40y = 10%
• male = 22%, female = 78%
10. Media Psychology 2017Bosau & Panakkal: “Phubbing”, only caused by “Fear of Missing Out”?
The scales
10
Fear of Missing Out - FoMO
(Przybylski, Murayama, DeHaan, & Gladwell, 2013)
Phubbing
(Roberts & David, 2016, slightly adapted)
The independent variables:
The dependent variable:
GenderThe moderator:
Cognitive concentration issues
(Jacobs, 2015)
Social Interaction Anxiety
(Fergus, Valentiner, McGrath, Gier-Lonsway & Kim, 2012)
Descriptive social norms
(single item measurement)
Age
11. Media Psychology 2017Bosau & Panakkal: “Phubbing”, only caused by “Fear of Missing Out”?
1,81
1,83
2,20
2,29
2,36
2,41
2,57
3,04
3,07
3,73
1 2 3 4 5
Ich werde unruhig, wenn ich nicht weiß, was meine Freunde vorhaben.
Wenn ich eine gute Zeit erlebe, ist es mir wichtig, Einzelheiten darüber online zu
teilen (z.B Facebook-Status ...
Manchmal frage ich mich, ob ich zu viel Zeit damit verbringe, zu erfahren was um
mich herum passiert.
Ich fürchte, dass meine Freunde bereichendere Erlebnisse erfahren als ich.
Es beunruhigt micht, wenn ich erfahre, dass meine Freunde ohne mich Spaß
haben.
Ich fürchte, dass andere Menschen tollere Erlebnisse erfahren als ich.
Auch wenn ich im Urlaub bin, verfolge ich weiterhin was meine Freunde machen.
Es ärgert mich, wenn ich eine Gelegenheit verpasse, mich mit meinen Freunden zu
treffen.
Es ist mir wichtig, Insiderwitze meiner Freunde zu verstehen.
Es ärgert mich, wenn ich ein geplantes Treffen verpasse.
FoMO – Fear of Missing Out
11
Independent variable
• scale of Przybylski, Murayama, DeHaan & Gladwell (2013)
• scale: 1 = „trifft gar nicht zu“ vs. 5 = „trifft voll zu“
• Cronbach’s α = .78
Problem: an
exploratory factor
analysis showed a
three (!) factor
solution
12. Media Psychology 2017Bosau & Panakkal: “Phubbing”, only caused by “Fear of Missing Out”?
1,81
2,29
2,36
2,41
1 2 3 4 5
Ich werde unruhig, wenn ich nicht weiß, was meine Freunde vorhaben.
Ich fürchte, dass meine Freunde bereichendere Erlebnisse erfahren als ich.
Es beunruhigt micht, wenn ich erfahre, dass meine Freunde ohne mich Spaß
haben.
Ich fürchte, dass andere Menschen tollere Erlebnisse erfahren als ich.
FoMO – shortened scale
12
Independent variable
• a factor analyses of the scale of Przybylski et al. (2013) showed a three factor
solution (PCA with Varimax rotation; criterium: eigenvalue)
• 63% explained variance
• only the first factor can be labeled as the ‚pure‘, original FoMO-factor (28%
explained variance)
• Cronbach’s α of the shortened scale = .81
13. Media Psychology 2017Bosau & Panakkal: “Phubbing”, only caused by “Fear of Missing Out”?
2,28
2,42
2,46
2,50
2,56
3,03
1 2 3 4 5
Mir war ein effektives Arbeiten/Lernen wegen ungünstiger äußerer …
Trotz gutem Vorsatz und redlichem Bemühen, konnte mich nur für sehr kurze …
Ich musste mich sehr zusammenreißen, um überhaupt eine Aufgabe in Angriff …
Ich habe mit einer Arbeit begonnen und dann ohne Absicht etwas ganz anderes …
Ich hatte Schwierigkeiten, sorgfältig und zugleich zügig zu arbeiten/lernen.
Trotz gutem Vorsatz, eine gewisse Zeit intensiv zu arbeiten/lernen, habe ich …
Cognitive concentration issues & Social
Interaction anxiety
13
Independent variable
• scale of Jacobs (2015): scale: 1 = „nie“ vs. 5 = „sehr oft“; Cronbach’s α = .90
• scale of Fergus, Valentiner, McGrath, Gier-Lonsway & Kim (2012): scale: 1 =
„trifft gar nicht zu“ vs. 5 = „trifft voll zu“; Cronbach’s α = .85
1,73
1,93
2,41
2,57
2,58
2,65
1 2 3 4 5
Ich bin angespannt, wenn ich mit nur einer Person alleine bin.
Ich werde angespannt, wenn ich einen Bekannten auf der Straße treffe.
Wenn ich zu einer Gruppe dazustoße, denke ich darüber nach, dass ich …
Ich bin nervös, wenn ich mit Menschen zu tun habe, die ich nicht gut kenne.
Ich werde angespannt, wenn ich über mich oder meine Gefühle sprechen muss.
Ich bin angespannt, wenn ich zu einer Gruppe dazustoße.
14. Media Psychology 2017Bosau & Panakkal: “Phubbing”, only caused by “Fear of Missing Out”?
2,12
2,17
2,18
2,22
2,50
2,78
3,08
3,19
1 2 3 4 5
Wenn ich in Gesellschaft von anderen etwas esse, benutze ich mein Smartphone.
Ich halte mein Smartphone in der Hand wenn ich in Gesellschaft bin.
In Gesellschaft von anderen, achte ich darauf, dass ich mein Smartphone jederzeit
sehe.
Ich benutze mein Smartphone in einem sozialen Umfeld, auch wenn ich eigentlich
etwas zur Gruppe beitragen könnte.
Ich schaue ab und zu auf mein Smartphone, während ich mich unterhalte.
Wenn mein Smartphone klingelt/vibriert, schaue ich drauf, auch wenn ich mich
gerade unterhalte.
Wenn ich unterwegs mit Bekannten oder Freunden bin, benutze ich mein
Smartphone.
Wenn ich mich in Gesellschaft befinde, nutze ich mein Smartphone in Momenten
der Stille.
Phubbing
14
Dependent variable
• scale of Roberts & David (2016), original pPhubbing-scale was slightly adapted
• scale: 1 = „nie“ vs. 5 = „sehr oft“
• Cronbach’s α = .85
15. Media Psychology 2017Bosau & Panakkal: “Phubbing”, only caused by “Fear of Missing Out”?
1 2 3 4 5
Age
FoMO
Descriptive phubbing norm
Cognitive concentration
problems
Social Interaction Anxiety
Phubbing
-.28***
-.17*** .25***
-.27*** .34*** .17***
-.18*** .33*** .19*** .34***
-.30*** .47*** .35*** .31*** .21***
Bivariate correlations of the constructs
15
Main question: Is there a relationship between the independent
constructs and phubbing?
16. Media Psychology 2017Bosau & Panakkal: “Phubbing”, only caused by “Fear of Missing Out”?
standardized Beta
-.14***
.33***
.23***
.12**
-.01
.30
standardized Beta
-.16***
.36***
.23**
.29
The regression results
16
standardized Beta
Age -.18***
FoMO .42***
Descriptive phubbing norm
Cognitive concentration problems
Social Interaction Anxiety
corr. R2 .24
* p < .10, ** p < .05, *** p < .01
• dependent variable: Phubbing
• stepwise regression analysis
FoMO remains to be the
strongest predictor
However: additional variance (in total: 30%)
can be explained by the other predictors
17. Media Psychology 2017Bosau & Panakkal: “Phubbing”, only caused by “Fear of Missing Out”? 17
standardized
Beta
Age -.12**
FoMO .34***
Descriptive phubbing norm .25***
Cognitive concentration problems .14**
Social Interaction Anxiety .01
corr. R2 .33
* p < .10, ** p < .05, *** p < .01
standardized
Beta
-.20
.30**
.15
.02
-.10
.16
• dependent variable: Phubbing
• regression analysis – comparison male vs. female
♀ ♂ concentration
problems and
social norms
are a stronger
predictor for
females
males phub
only because of
FoMO
The regression results: moderator gender
18. Media Psychology 2017Bosau & Panakkal: “Phubbing”, only caused by “Fear of Missing Out”?
standardized Beta
-.17***
.22***
.26***
.15***
-.02
.25
standardized Beta
-.19***
.25***
.27**
.23
The regression results
18
standardized Beta
Age -.23***
FoMO – short version .29***
Descriptive phubbing norm
Cognitive concentration problems
Social Interaction Anxiety
corr. R2 .16
* p < .10, ** p < .05, *** p < .01
• dependent variable: Phubbing
• stepwise regression analysis
lower explanatory power of FoMO à the
correlation of FoMO and Phubbing is
partly tautologic
only 25% can of the
variance be explained
19. Media Psychology 2017Bosau & Panakkal: “Phubbing”, only caused by “Fear of Missing Out”? 19
standardized
Beta
Age -.14**
FoMO – short version .24***
Descriptive phubbing norm .28***
Cognitive concentration problems .17***
Social Interaction Anxiety -.01
corr. R2 .27
* p < .10, ** p < .05, *** p < .01
standardized
Beta
-.26
.09
.19
.08
-.05
.10
• dependent variable: Phubbing
• regression analysis – comparison male vs. female
♀ ♂
The regression results: moderator gender
FoMO is now a
lower predictor
for females and
for males even
no predictor at
all any more!
20. Media Psychology 2017Bosau & Panakkal: “Phubbing”, only caused by “Fear of Missing Out”? 20
Ø FoMO is still a very strong predictor of phubbing
• BEWARE: the explanatory power strongly depends on the operationalisation and
the used scale of FoMO
• the existing FoMO scale of Przybylski et al. (2013) could have some validity
problems
Ø People who admit having cognitive concentration problems tend to have also problems to
concentrate on social situations and thus do phub more
Ø Phubbing behaviour is also influenced by the phubbing behaviour of other people. Thus,
people simply copy the behaviour of others to some extend
Ø However: the results should only be generalized for females!
Conclusion
FoMO might still be an important predictor of phubbing
behaviour. Though, phubbing is more than just fearing to miss
out on something.
21. Media Psychology 2017Bosau & Panakkal: “Phubbing”, only caused by “Fear of Missing Out”? 21
• Bosau C., Aelker, L. & Amaadachou, H. (2014). Ich darf nichts verpassen! – Kann “Fear of Missing Out (FoMO)”
Suchtverhalten in Facebook erklären? 49th Congress of Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPs) in Bochum,
Germany.
• Bosau C. & Kühn, M. (2015). How to explain “phubbing” – Can “Fear of Missing Out” predict the compulsive use of
mobile phones in social situations?. 9th Conference of the Media Psychology Division (German Psychological Society)
in Tübingen, Germany.
• Bosau, C. & Ruvinsky, M. (2016). Die Nutzung von Smartphones in Partnerschaften – Negative Effekte von Phubbing
und FoMO auf die Beziehungsqualität. 50th Congress of Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPs) in Leipzig,
Germany.
• Carbonell, X., Oberst, U. & Beranuy, M. (2013). The Cell Phone in the Twenty-First Century: A Risk for Addiction or a
Necessary Tool? Principles of Addiction. Vol. 1, pp. 901-909.
• Chotpitayasunondh, V. & Douglas, K.M. (2016). How “phubbing“ becomes the norm: The antecedents and
consequences of snubbing via smartphone. Computers in Human Behaviour, Vol. 63, 9-18.
• Collins. L. (2013). FoMO and Mobile Phones: A Survey Study. Unpublished master thesis. Tilburg University, Tilburg.
• Fergus, T.A., Valentiner, D.P., McGrath, P.B., Gier-Lonsway, S.L. & Kim, H. (2012). Short Forms of the Social
Interaction Anxiety Scale and the Social Phobia Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, Vol. 94 (3), 310-320.
• Jacobs, B. (2015). Zusammenhänge zwischen Leistungsprognosen, Ergebniseinschätzungen, erzielten Leistungen in
Konzentrationstests und subjektiver Auffassung der eigenen Konzentrationsfähigkeit. Abgerufen von
http://psydok.sulb.uni-saarland.de/volltexte/2015/5252/ [21.05.2016]
• Krasnova, H., Abramova, O., Notter, I. & Baumann, A. (2016). Why Phubbing is Toxic for Your Relationship:
Understanding the Role of Smartphone Jealousy among „Generation Y“ Users. 24th European Conference on
Information Systems (ECIS), İstanbul, Turkey.
• McDaniel, B.T. & Coyne, S.M. (2016). “Technoference”: The interference of technology in couple relationships and
implications for women’s personal and relational well-being. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, Vol. 5(1), 85-98.
Literature
22. Media Psychology 2017Bosau & Panakkal: “Phubbing”, only caused by “Fear of Missing Out”? 22
• Misra, S., Cheng, L., Genevie, J. & Yuan, M. (2014). The iPhone Effect: The Quality of In-Person Social Interactions in
the Presence of Mobile Devices. Environment and Behaviour, 1-24.
• Przybylski, A.K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C.R. & Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioural
correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 29, pp. 1841-1848.
• Roberts, J.A. & David, M.E. (2016). My life has become a major distraction from my cell phone: Partner phubbing and
relationship satisfaction among romantic partners. Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 54, 134-141.
• Roberts, J.A. & David, M.E. (2017). Put down your phone and listen to me: How boss phubbing undermines the
psychological conditions necessary for employee engagement. Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 75, 206-217.
Literature
23. Media Psychology 2017Bosau & Panakkal: “Phubbing”, only caused by “Fear of Missing Out”? 23
Thank you very much for your
attention!
Contact details:
Rheinische Fachhochschule Köln
Prof. Dr. Christian Bosau, Dipl.-Psych. & Master of HRM & IR
Schaevenstraße 1a/b
50676 Köln
Tel.: +49 221 20302-0
e-mail: christian.bosau@rfh-koeln.de
Slideshare: cbosau
Twitter: cribocologne