The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 by East Germany to stop the flow of people from East to West Berlin. It divided Berlin and Germany for nearly 30 years until 1989 when increasing civil unrest and reforms in the Soviet Union led to its fall. The fall of the Berlin Wall was a pivotal event that symbolized the end of the Cold War and led to German reunification in 1990.
The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 marked the reunification of East and West Germany after decades of division following World War II. The wall was originally constructed in 1961 by East Germany to prevent mass emigration to the west. Its fall was precipitated by growing civil unrest in East Germany and a miscommunication by an East German official that travel restrictions would be eased. Thousands of East Germans flooded checkpoints and began dismantling the wall. Germany was officially reunified on October 3, 1990, ending over 40 years of separation. Today, Germany is a powerful democratic nation and economic powerhouse.
The 1923 Beer Hall Putsch saw Adolf Hitler and his Nazi party members storm a beer hall in Munich where a government meeting was taking place in an attempt to overthrow the Weimar government. During the Putsch, Hitler led 600 men to the beer hall and declared a national revolution had begun. However, the takeover attempt failed when government officials refused to back Hitler and police and military forces moved in. The Putsch was suppressed but Hitler used his subsequent trial as an opportunity to spread his message, receiving a lenient sentence. This event helped raise Hitler's profile and laid the groundwork for the Nazis to eventually take power in Germany.
World War 2 was caused by German and Japanese aggression and expansionism. Major events included Germany invading Poland and the Soviet Union using blitzkrieg tactics, the Holocaust, Japan invading China and other Asian nations, the US entering the war after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Allied forces storming Normandy on D-Day and advancing into Germany, and the US dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki leading to Japan's surrender.
World War I ended in 1918 with Germany's surrender after facing troubles on the home front and with the entry of American troops. In 1919, the Allied Powers met at the Paris Peace Conference to determine the post-war settlement. The resulting Treaty of Versailles punished Germany by assigning war guilt, imposing reparations, taking territory, and limiting its military. However, the treaty was controversial and rejected in some countries, failing to achieve a lasting peace and sowing resentment in Germany that allowed Hitler to rise to power and start World War II.
A Segunda Guerra Mundial começou com a invasão da Polônia pela Alemanha Nazista em setembro de 1939 e terminou com a rendição da Alemanha em maio de 1945. Durante este período, a Alemanha e seus aliados conquistaram grande parte da Europa Ocidental e Oriental, enquanto o Japão expandiu seu império no Pacífico. Eventualmente, os Aliados derrotaram as potências do Eixo e dividiram a Alemanha e o mundo em esferas de influência, dando início à Guerra Fria.
The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 by East Germany to stop the flow of people from East to West Berlin. It divided Berlin and Germany for nearly 30 years until 1989 when increasing civil unrest and reforms in the Soviet Union led to its fall. The fall of the Berlin Wall was a pivotal event that symbolized the end of the Cold War and led to German reunification in 1990.
The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 marked the reunification of East and West Germany after decades of division following World War II. The wall was originally constructed in 1961 by East Germany to prevent mass emigration to the west. Its fall was precipitated by growing civil unrest in East Germany and a miscommunication by an East German official that travel restrictions would be eased. Thousands of East Germans flooded checkpoints and began dismantling the wall. Germany was officially reunified on October 3, 1990, ending over 40 years of separation. Today, Germany is a powerful democratic nation and economic powerhouse.
The 1923 Beer Hall Putsch saw Adolf Hitler and his Nazi party members storm a beer hall in Munich where a government meeting was taking place in an attempt to overthrow the Weimar government. During the Putsch, Hitler led 600 men to the beer hall and declared a national revolution had begun. However, the takeover attempt failed when government officials refused to back Hitler and police and military forces moved in. The Putsch was suppressed but Hitler used his subsequent trial as an opportunity to spread his message, receiving a lenient sentence. This event helped raise Hitler's profile and laid the groundwork for the Nazis to eventually take power in Germany.
World War 2 was caused by German and Japanese aggression and expansionism. Major events included Germany invading Poland and the Soviet Union using blitzkrieg tactics, the Holocaust, Japan invading China and other Asian nations, the US entering the war after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Allied forces storming Normandy on D-Day and advancing into Germany, and the US dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki leading to Japan's surrender.
World War I ended in 1918 with Germany's surrender after facing troubles on the home front and with the entry of American troops. In 1919, the Allied Powers met at the Paris Peace Conference to determine the post-war settlement. The resulting Treaty of Versailles punished Germany by assigning war guilt, imposing reparations, taking territory, and limiting its military. However, the treaty was controversial and rejected in some countries, failing to achieve a lasting peace and sowing resentment in Germany that allowed Hitler to rise to power and start World War II.
A Segunda Guerra Mundial começou com a invasão da Polônia pela Alemanha Nazista em setembro de 1939 e terminou com a rendição da Alemanha em maio de 1945. Durante este período, a Alemanha e seus aliados conquistaram grande parte da Europa Ocidental e Oriental, enquanto o Japão expandiu seu império no Pacífico. Eventualmente, os Aliados derrotaram as potências do Eixo e dividiram a Alemanha e o mundo em esferas de influência, dando início à Guerra Fria.
The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) was a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire that drew in major European powers. It began when Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II tried to restrict Protestants in Bohemia, leading them to revolt. Major battles and massacres ensued as Sweden, France, Spain, and Austria intervened on both sides. The war ended with the Peace of Westphalia, which redrew religious and political boundaries in Central Europe and established the modern concept of state sovereignty.
The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 to prevent East Berliners from escaping to West Berlin. It divided the city until 1989. The wall was prompted by the large number of people fleeing from East to West Berlin each month for greater prosperity. It cut through neighborhoods and separated families. Over its 28-year existence, 192 people died trying to cross the wall illegally. The wall fell in 1989 amid reforms in the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev that weakened East Germany.
A Guerra Fria foi um conflito ideológico e geopolítico entre os Estados Unidos e a União Soviética que durou de 1945 a 1991. Isso levou à divisão da Alemanha e de Berlim e à corrida armamentista e espacial entre os blocos capitalista e socialista.
The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) was a destructive conflict fought primarily in Central Europe that marked the end of religious wars. It began when Protestant nobles in Bohemia rebelled against Catholic rule and defenestrated imperial representatives. This led the Holy Roman Emperor to attempt to annihilate Protestantism in Bohemia, sparking wider war. The war had multiple phases involving Denmark, Sweden, and France intervening on the Protestant side against Catholic forces until the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia ended the war and Catholic dominance in Germany while establishing Calvinism alongside Lutheranism and dividing Germany politically for centuries.
A segunda guerra mundial - Resumo - 9ºanoHizqeelMajoka
O documento descreve o expansionismo das potências do Eixo durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, incluindo a invasão da Polônia pela Alemanha em 1939 que deu início ao conflito, assim como as três fases principais da guerra: 1) a fase inicial de vitórias alemãs, 2) a expansão global com o ataque à URSS e entrada dos EUA, e 3) a derrota final da Alemanha e Japão após 1944-1945.
The document discusses the Holocaust, in which approximately six million European Jews were murdered by Nazi Germany during World War II as part of a systematic genocide program led by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party throughout German-occupied territory.
Germany is a country located in central Europe with a total area of 137,847 square miles. It has a population of over 82 million people and a temperate climate. Germany has a federal republic government and its largest cities include Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich. The main religions are Protestantism and Roman Catholicism. Some of Germany's most famous inventions include the automobile, telephone, and diesel engine.
1) A Segunda Guerra Mundial eclodiu em 1939 após a invasão da Polônia pela Alemanha nazista.
2) Os principais países do Eixo foram a Alemanha, Itália e Japão, enquanto os Aliados incluíam a Grã-Bretanha, França, União Soviética e Estados Unidos.
3) A guerra terminou em 1945 com a derrota da Alemanha e Japão e a criação da Organização das Nações Unidas.
Germany and Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact in 1936 to limit communist influence and target the Soviet Union. Italy joined in 1937, forming the Axis Alliance between the three countries. The treaties were sought by Hitler who was publicly against Bolshevism and interested in Japan's successes against China. They allowed Hitler and Mussolini to portray themselves as defending Western values against the Soviet Union. However, Japan renounced the pact in 1939 after the German-Soviet nonaggression pact, though later rejoined in 1940 through the Tripartite Pact.
The document summarizes the Battle of Britain between the German Luftwaffe and the British Royal Air Force (RAF) in 1940. It describes how Germany sought to destroy the RAF in preparation for invading Britain. Though outnumbered, the RAF was able to defend Britain through the heroic efforts of its pilots, known as "The Few" by Winston Churchill. The RAF was ultimately victorious, forcing Hitler to abandon plans to invade Britain. However, Germany continued its military campaigns by assisting Italy's invasion of Greece.
The document summarizes the history of Czechoslovakia from its founding after World War 1 through the Prague Spring reforms and subsequent Soviet invasion in 1968. It discusses Alexander Dubček's attempt at liberalization through his reforms, the Soviet justification for invasion to prevent counter-revolution, Dubček's replacement by Gustáv Husák who reversed the reforms and strengthened ties to the Soviet Union per the Brezhnev Doctrine. The invasion demonstrated the Soviet domination of Eastern Europe and oppression of democratic movements.
World War 1 was caused by four main underlying factors: militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism. Militarism led to an arms race in Europe and rising tensions as countries felt threatened by others' growing military powers. This contributed to the formation of two opposing alliances - the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, and the Triple Entente of Britain, France and Russia. Imperialism caused frequent disputes over colonies. Nationalist sentiments, especially Serbian nationalism against Austria-Hungary, were also a major contributing factor. When Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Serbian nationalists, a series of events led
World War 1 began in 1914 and lasted until 1918. It involved many of the world's most powerful nations at the time and resulted in over 16 million deaths. Several factors contributed to the outbreak of war, including militarism, imperialism, nationalism, and a system of tightly bound alliances between European countries that pulled them into war. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand provided the spark that ignited World War 1 after tensions had been rising for years. New technologies developed during this war including tanks, airplanes, chemical weapons, and submarines.
In September 1939, Germany invaded Poland using blitzkrieg tactics, leading Britain and France to declare war on Germany. The USSR also invaded Poland from the east. Through early 1940 Germany invaded and occupied Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg. In May 1940, Germany launched a surprise attack through the Ardennes forest, bypassing the Maginot Line and surrounding Allied forces in France. Nearly 340,000 Allied troops were evacuated from Dunkirk in June. Later that month Paris fell and France surrendered, signing an armistice in the same railcar used in 1918. Hitler visited Paris and began preparing to invade Britain by gaining air superiority, but the Royal Air Force defeated the Luftwaffe in the
The document provides information about Auschwitz concentration camp, including:
- It was the largest Nazi concentration camp established during World War II where over 1 million people, mostly Jews, were killed between 1940-1945.
- Prisoners were either killed in gas chambers using Zyklon-B gas or died from disease, malnutrition and brutal treatment by guards.
World War I began in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian nationalist. Major powers were pulled into the war through a system of alliances. The U.S. initially remained neutral but was drawn into the war in 1917 when Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare. Over 24 million American men registered for the draft after Congress passed the Selective Service Act. American troops began arriving in Europe in late 1917 and helped Allied forces push back German troops in 1918. An armistice was declared on November 11, 1918, ending the war.
Adolf Hitler was born in 1889 in Austria and showed an early interest in art but was rejected from art school twice. After World War 1 he joined the German Workers' Party and became its leader, changing its name to the Nazi Party. He was imprisoned for attempting to overthrow the German government but used this time to write Mein Kampf. After his release he gained popularity by blaming Jews and promising to restore Germany's economy and international power. He became Chancellor of Germany in 1933 and quickly established a fascist dictatorship.
A Segunda Guerra Mundial ocorreu entre 1939-1945 e envolveu os países do Eixo (Alemanha, Itália e Japão) contra os Aliados (principalmente Reino Unido, Estados Unidos e União Soviética). O documento descreve as causas da guerra, incluindo o expansionismo alemão e japonês, e os principais eventos da guerra tanto na Europa quanto no Pacífico. A guerra resultou em milhões de mortes e no estabelecimento das Nações Unidas para promover a paz global.
The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) was a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire that drew in major European powers. It began when Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II tried to restrict Protestants in Bohemia, leading them to revolt. Major battles and massacres ensued as Sweden, France, Spain, and Austria intervened on both sides. The war ended with the Peace of Westphalia, which redrew religious and political boundaries in Central Europe and established the modern concept of state sovereignty.
The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 to prevent East Berliners from escaping to West Berlin. It divided the city until 1989. The wall was prompted by the large number of people fleeing from East to West Berlin each month for greater prosperity. It cut through neighborhoods and separated families. Over its 28-year existence, 192 people died trying to cross the wall illegally. The wall fell in 1989 amid reforms in the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev that weakened East Germany.
A Guerra Fria foi um conflito ideológico e geopolítico entre os Estados Unidos e a União Soviética que durou de 1945 a 1991. Isso levou à divisão da Alemanha e de Berlim e à corrida armamentista e espacial entre os blocos capitalista e socialista.
The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) was a destructive conflict fought primarily in Central Europe that marked the end of religious wars. It began when Protestant nobles in Bohemia rebelled against Catholic rule and defenestrated imperial representatives. This led the Holy Roman Emperor to attempt to annihilate Protestantism in Bohemia, sparking wider war. The war had multiple phases involving Denmark, Sweden, and France intervening on the Protestant side against Catholic forces until the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia ended the war and Catholic dominance in Germany while establishing Calvinism alongside Lutheranism and dividing Germany politically for centuries.
A segunda guerra mundial - Resumo - 9ºanoHizqeelMajoka
O documento descreve o expansionismo das potências do Eixo durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, incluindo a invasão da Polônia pela Alemanha em 1939 que deu início ao conflito, assim como as três fases principais da guerra: 1) a fase inicial de vitórias alemãs, 2) a expansão global com o ataque à URSS e entrada dos EUA, e 3) a derrota final da Alemanha e Japão após 1944-1945.
The document discusses the Holocaust, in which approximately six million European Jews were murdered by Nazi Germany during World War II as part of a systematic genocide program led by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party throughout German-occupied territory.
Germany is a country located in central Europe with a total area of 137,847 square miles. It has a population of over 82 million people and a temperate climate. Germany has a federal republic government and its largest cities include Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich. The main religions are Protestantism and Roman Catholicism. Some of Germany's most famous inventions include the automobile, telephone, and diesel engine.
1) A Segunda Guerra Mundial eclodiu em 1939 após a invasão da Polônia pela Alemanha nazista.
2) Os principais países do Eixo foram a Alemanha, Itália e Japão, enquanto os Aliados incluíam a Grã-Bretanha, França, União Soviética e Estados Unidos.
3) A guerra terminou em 1945 com a derrota da Alemanha e Japão e a criação da Organização das Nações Unidas.
Germany and Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact in 1936 to limit communist influence and target the Soviet Union. Italy joined in 1937, forming the Axis Alliance between the three countries. The treaties were sought by Hitler who was publicly against Bolshevism and interested in Japan's successes against China. They allowed Hitler and Mussolini to portray themselves as defending Western values against the Soviet Union. However, Japan renounced the pact in 1939 after the German-Soviet nonaggression pact, though later rejoined in 1940 through the Tripartite Pact.
The document summarizes the Battle of Britain between the German Luftwaffe and the British Royal Air Force (RAF) in 1940. It describes how Germany sought to destroy the RAF in preparation for invading Britain. Though outnumbered, the RAF was able to defend Britain through the heroic efforts of its pilots, known as "The Few" by Winston Churchill. The RAF was ultimately victorious, forcing Hitler to abandon plans to invade Britain. However, Germany continued its military campaigns by assisting Italy's invasion of Greece.
The document summarizes the history of Czechoslovakia from its founding after World War 1 through the Prague Spring reforms and subsequent Soviet invasion in 1968. It discusses Alexander Dubček's attempt at liberalization through his reforms, the Soviet justification for invasion to prevent counter-revolution, Dubček's replacement by Gustáv Husák who reversed the reforms and strengthened ties to the Soviet Union per the Brezhnev Doctrine. The invasion demonstrated the Soviet domination of Eastern Europe and oppression of democratic movements.
World War 1 was caused by four main underlying factors: militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism. Militarism led to an arms race in Europe and rising tensions as countries felt threatened by others' growing military powers. This contributed to the formation of two opposing alliances - the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, and the Triple Entente of Britain, France and Russia. Imperialism caused frequent disputes over colonies. Nationalist sentiments, especially Serbian nationalism against Austria-Hungary, were also a major contributing factor. When Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Serbian nationalists, a series of events led
World War 1 began in 1914 and lasted until 1918. It involved many of the world's most powerful nations at the time and resulted in over 16 million deaths. Several factors contributed to the outbreak of war, including militarism, imperialism, nationalism, and a system of tightly bound alliances between European countries that pulled them into war. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand provided the spark that ignited World War 1 after tensions had been rising for years. New technologies developed during this war including tanks, airplanes, chemical weapons, and submarines.
In September 1939, Germany invaded Poland using blitzkrieg tactics, leading Britain and France to declare war on Germany. The USSR also invaded Poland from the east. Through early 1940 Germany invaded and occupied Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg. In May 1940, Germany launched a surprise attack through the Ardennes forest, bypassing the Maginot Line and surrounding Allied forces in France. Nearly 340,000 Allied troops were evacuated from Dunkirk in June. Later that month Paris fell and France surrendered, signing an armistice in the same railcar used in 1918. Hitler visited Paris and began preparing to invade Britain by gaining air superiority, but the Royal Air Force defeated the Luftwaffe in the
The document provides information about Auschwitz concentration camp, including:
- It was the largest Nazi concentration camp established during World War II where over 1 million people, mostly Jews, were killed between 1940-1945.
- Prisoners were either killed in gas chambers using Zyklon-B gas or died from disease, malnutrition and brutal treatment by guards.
World War I began in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian nationalist. Major powers were pulled into the war through a system of alliances. The U.S. initially remained neutral but was drawn into the war in 1917 when Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare. Over 24 million American men registered for the draft after Congress passed the Selective Service Act. American troops began arriving in Europe in late 1917 and helped Allied forces push back German troops in 1918. An armistice was declared on November 11, 1918, ending the war.
Adolf Hitler was born in 1889 in Austria and showed an early interest in art but was rejected from art school twice. After World War 1 he joined the German Workers' Party and became its leader, changing its name to the Nazi Party. He was imprisoned for attempting to overthrow the German government but used this time to write Mein Kampf. After his release he gained popularity by blaming Jews and promising to restore Germany's economy and international power. He became Chancellor of Germany in 1933 and quickly established a fascist dictatorship.
A Segunda Guerra Mundial ocorreu entre 1939-1945 e envolveu os países do Eixo (Alemanha, Itália e Japão) contra os Aliados (principalmente Reino Unido, Estados Unidos e União Soviética). O documento descreve as causas da guerra, incluindo o expansionismo alemão e japonês, e os principais eventos da guerra tanto na Europa quanto no Pacífico. A guerra resultou em milhões de mortes e no estabelecimento das Nações Unidas para promover a paz global.
The whole project was personally realised and adapted to A1-pupils language skills in order to make them to discuss and interprete historical events and contemporary surrounding reality - on the topic "Tag des Gedenkens an die Opfer
des Nationalsozialismus".
7. Kriegsjahr 1939 Der deutsche Angriff auf Polen 1939 Stellungskrieg an der Westfront 1939 Finnisch-Sowjetischer Winterkrieg 1939/1940
8. Der Angriff auf Polen 1939 Zweite Weltkrieg wurde in Europa vom Deutschen Reich am 1. September 1939 Auf Polen begonnen deutsche Seite fingierte mehrere Vorfälle Überfall auf den Sender Gleiwitz England und Frankreich erklären am 3. September Deutschland den Krieg Hitler – Stalin – Pakt sowjetische Besetzung Ostpolens / deutsche Besetzung Westpolens
9.
10. Kriegsjahr 1940 - Invasion der Wehrmacht in Norwegen und Dänemark am 9.April 1940 Dänemark und Norwegen waren neutral, Dänemark wurde nahezu kampflos annektiert Am 17. Mai Brüssel kampflos übergeben dutsch-französische Waffenstillstand trat erst am 25. Juni in kraft
11.
12. Mittelmeerraum 1940/1941 Jugoslawien 1941 Krieg gegen Griechenland 1941 Kriegseintritt der USA 1941 Kriegsschauplatz Nordafrika 1940–1943 Kriegsangriff auf die Sowjetunion 1941
13. Kriegseintritt der USA 1941 Die Vereinigten Staaten hatten in dem Konflikt zunächst formal Neutralität gewahrt Isolationismus - Bündnisverpflichtungen zu vermeiden Japan nutzte dies zur Besetzung von Französisch-Indochina (französischen Kolonialgebiete) Angriff auf amerikanische Pazifikflotte in Pearl Harbor am 7. Dezember 1941 USA- materielle Unterstützung Großbritanniens und der UdSSR USA und Großbritannien - „Germany first“
14. Kriegsjahr 1942 - Wannseekonferenz Die Schlacht von Stalingrad psychologische Wendepunkt des Krieges 700.000 Menschen, Zivilisten und Soldaten, kamen ums Leben Der Fall von Singapur Nordafrika - die Deutschen müssen Anfang November einen weiträumigen Rückzug einleiten
15. Kriegsjahr 1943 Am 18. Februar rief Propagandaminister Joseph Goebbels den "Totalen Krieg" aus Risse in der "Festung Europa„ Flächenbombardements über ganz Deutschland aus Alliierte gewinnen auch den U –Boot Krieg Menschen und Material Erschöpfung, schlechte Versorgung und miserabler Nachschub
16. Kennzeichnende Elemente des “TK“ totale Mobilisierung: Freisetzung zusätzlicher Kräfte für die Front (Frauen übernehmen z.B. Arbeiten der Männer), Verstärkung der Rüstungsanstrengungen totale Kontrolle: Gleichschaltung des Volkswillens totale Methoden: Verknüpfung von verschiedenen Waffentechniken und -systemen totale Kriegsziele
17.
18. Kriegsjahr 1944 Frontenverschiebung Richtung Berlin Kapitulation: Rumänien (25. August), Bulgarien (8. September), Finnland (19. September) Propaganda des "Endsieges 6.Juni D-Day / Operation Overlord
19.
20.
21. Kriegsjahr 1945 Die Schlacht um Berlin Kämpfe forderten : 170.000 Gefallene und 500.000 verwundete Soldaten 8.Mai Kapitulation Deutschlands, Ende des Krieges in Europa Atombombenabwurf der USA auf Japan am 6.8. und 9.8. Auf Hiroshima und Nagasaki 2.9. Ende des 2. Weltkrieges
22.
23.
24. Bilanz Tote insgesamt ca. 55 Millionen, davon zwischen 20 und 30 Mio Zivilisten Tote in RL ca. 20 Millionen Tote in D ca. 7.2 Millionen Tote in Ostasien ca. 14 Millionen Juden-Vernichtung ca. 6 Millionen Verwundete ca. 35 Millionen Vermisste ca. 3 Millionen Vertriebene über 20 Millionen Kosten ca. 1'500 Milliarden $ In RL waren 1700 Städte, 70'000 Dörfer und 32'000 Industrieanlagen zerstört; in D waren es 50 % der Verkehrs- u. Industrieanlagen; ca. 40 % der Deutschen haben die ganze Habe verloren.