To ease and speed up the translation of the ICNP version 1 into the German language a web service was developed to support the collaborative work of all Austrian, Swiss, and German translators and subsequently of the evaluators of the resultant translation. The web service does help to support a modified Delphi technique. Since the web service is multilingual by design it can facilitate the translation of the ICNP into other languages as well. The process chosen can be adopted by other projects involved in translating terminologies.

1. The ICNP-BaT
A Multilingual Web-based Tool to
Support the Collaborative Translation of the
International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP®)
Ulrich Schrader - University of Applied Sciences Frankfurt, Germany
Rudolf Widmer - SBK - IG PflegeInformatik, Switzerland
Peter Tackenberg - DBfK, Germany
Lucien Portenier - SBK - ASI, Switzerland
Peter König - ICN Accredited Research & Development Centre, Germany

2. Content
• ICNP®
• Traditional translation
by aeminphilly
• Web 2.0 translation
• The ICNP BaT
• Next steps
• Conclusion
Ulrich Schrader, FH Frankfurt am Main – University of Applied Sciences

3. International Classification for Nursing
Practice (ICNP®)
• Terminology system of the International Council of Nurses (ICN)
• Compositional terminology
• Represents nursing diagnoses, nursing interventions and
nursing outcomes
• About 1600 terms
• Published in English
• Translation absolutely necessary for adoption
Ulrich Schrader, FH Frankfurt am Main – University of Applied Sciences

4. Traditional
Translation
by neilsphotoalbum
• Translation phase (typical approach)
– divide work into parts
– translators work on their parts
– put together the different parts
– consolidate the work
• Evaluation phase (delphi approach)
– send out questionnaire
– compile results
– send out results and new questionnaire
– …
Ulrich Schrader, FH Frankfurt am Main – University of Applied Sciences

5. Challenges for German Translation
• Volunteer work
• Previous translation of ICNP® Beta Version
– Time consuming
– Overhead in compilation, coordination, and communication
• Regional differences → Synonyms
– Switzerland, Austria, Germany
Ulrich Schrader, FH Frankfurt am Main – University of Applied Sciences

6. Collaborative Translation by Using
Web 2.0 Services
• ICNP BaT - Browser and Translation Tool
– Web-Application to facilitate translation and evaluation
• Wiki
– Translation guidelines
– General resources for translation work
– Information about the ICNP BaT
• Wish list
• Change notes
• Bug list
Ulrich Schrader, FH Frankfurt am Main – University of Applied Sciences

7. Web 2.0 Translation
ICNP BaT
• Translations phase
– One body of translations
– accessible over the web
– always visible by every translator
– Every translator can add, edit, delete own translations
– Multiple translations for one term possible (synonyms)
– Everyone can comment on all translations
• No compilation, coordination, or distribution of translations
Ulrich Schrader, FH Frankfurt am Main – University of Applied Sciences

8. Web 2.0 Translation
ICNP BaT
• Evaluation phase (1)
– One body of translations and evaluations
– accessible over the web
– always visible by every evaluator
– every evaluator can see the aggregated results of
the evaluations done by other evaluators
Ulrich Schrader, FH Frankfurt am Main – University of Applied Sciences

9. Web 2.0 Translation
ICNP BaT
• Evaluators vote on each translation
Translation
– should be a preferred term,
– should be a synomym,
– requires further translation work,
– should be considered to be deleted,
– ICNP-term can not be translated.
Ulrich Schrader, FH Frankfurt am Main – University of Applied Sciences

10. Web 2.0 Translation
ICNP BaT
• Evaluators evaluate each translation
– Translation has the same meaning as the original ICNP-term.
– Translation has a narrower meaning as the original ICNP-term.
– Translation has a broader meaning as the original ICNP-term.
– Translating requires more than one translation due to regional differences.
– Differences between the meaning of two or more original ICNP-terms are
lost during the translation process.
– ICNP-term can be translated, but the meaning is different in the target
language.
– ICNP-term can not be translated. The target language does not have such
a concept.
Ulrich Schrader, FH Frankfurt am Main – University of Applied Sciences

11. The ICNP BaT
ICNP Browser and Translation
• Realization
– PHP, MySQL
• Minimal requirements on user's side
– Browser (tested for IE, Firefox, and Flock)
– Cookies enabled (access control)
Ulrich Schrader, FH Frankfurt am Main – University of Applied Sciences

12. User Interface
Ulrich Schrader, FH Frankfurt am Main – University of Applied Sciences

13. Integrated Languages
German
French
Norwegian
Slovenian
Italian
…
Ulrich Schrader, FH Frankfurt am Main – University of Applied Sciences

14. Next steps
by sindesign
• Conversion to Unicode character set
• Easy localization of user interface
• Refactoring
• Import-function to add new languages
• XML-compatible export-function
Ulrich Schrader, FH Frankfurt am Main – University of Applied Sciences

15. Conclusion
• Translation is faster
– About 13.500 translations in the system
• Reduction of redundant translation work and overhead
• Translation process is transparent
• Comments allow for discussions
– possibility for misunderstandings
• Evaluation process realized, but all languages in translation
phase still - no experiences so far
Ulrich Schrader, FH Frankfurt am Main – University of Applied Sciences

16. … und where can I find
more information?
Just google or go to
http://www.ulrich-schrader.de
Thank you!
by Stephen Downes
Ulrich Schrader, FH Frankfurt am Main – University of Applied Sciences