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Hochgeladen vonUlrich Krause
IBM Lotus Notes - From PLATO to the Leading Groupware Platform
Das Dokument bietet eine umfassende Geschichte von IBM Lotus Notes, beginnend mit der Entwicklung des PLATO-Systems in den 1960er Jahren bis hin zu den verschiedenen Versionen und Funktionen von Lotus Notes, die im Laufe der Jahre eingeführt wurden. Es beleuchtet die evolutionären Schritte der Software, die von Iris Associates entwickelt wurde und sich zu einer führenden Groupware-Plattform entwickelte. Wesentliche Meilensteine, wie die Übernahme durch IBM und die Einführung neuer Funktionen, werden ebenfalls thematisiert.
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Ähnlich wie IBM Lotus Notes - From PLATO to the Leading Groupware Platform
IBM Lotus Notes - From PLATO to the Leading Groupware Platform
- 1. IBM Lotus Notes VonPLATO zur führenden Groupware Plattform Ulrich Krause, AdminCamp, 21.09. – 23.09.2015, Maritim Hotel Gelsenkirchen
- 2.
- 3. 1974 – BillGates
- 4. Microsoft – Theuntold story
- 5.
- 6.
- 7. 1974 – BillGates
- 8. 1974 – BillGates
- 9. 1974 – SteveJobs
- 10. Steve Jobs "So Iasked Issey to make me some of his black turtlenecks that I liked, and he made me like a hundred of them.“ – Steve Jobs
- 11.
- 12.
- 14. 1974 – SteveCase
- 15. 1974 – SteveCase
- 16. Back To TheFuture
- 17. 1974 … 1970… 1965 … 1962 … 1961 … … …
- 18.
- 19. Computer Based EducationResearch Labs
- 20.
- 21. Welcome to PLATO(cyber1.org)
- 22. PLATO System 1960wurde PLATO von Donald Bitzer entwickelt • Kosten für 1 BIT RAM = $ 2 • Der Speicher für ein Laptop mit 4GB hätte demnach 1960 $8.589.934.592 gekostet David Woolley entwickelte das System weiter: PLATO Notes war geboren – Bis zu 63 Antworten zu einer Note – Ab 07.08.1973 auch allgemeine Notes möglich Herbst 1973: Doug Brown‘s Talkomatic ermöglicht Chat im PLATO System August 1974: Personal Notes, Kim Mast Januar 1976: Group Notes, David Woolley PLATO Notes Typen: • System Anouncements • Help Notes • Public Notes
- 23. PLATO System DasCERL PLATO System war nur eines von vielen Systemen weltweit. Zwischen September 1978 und Mai 1985 wurden 10 Millionen Nutzerstunden verzeichnet. Etwa 1/3 dieser Zeit wurde die Notes Anwendung genutzt In 2000 Notes Dateien wurden in dieser Zeit ca. 3.3 Millionen Nachrichten erstellt.
- 24. PLATO – ArchivedConversation Digital Surrogates from the PLATO System Notes Files University of Illinois Archives http://archives.library.illinois.edu/archon/? p=digitallibrary/digitalcontent&id=7132
- 25. PLATO Sites 1976- 1990 South Africa was one of the biggest users of PLATO in the early 1980s
- 26.
- 27. The friendlyorange glow • http://www.friendlyorangeglow.com/ PLATO: The Emergence of Online Community • http://www.thinkofit.com/plato/dwplato.htm The PLATO History foundation • http://www.platohistory.org/
- 28. Touch me! Fromtouch displays to the Surface: A brief history of touchscreen technology
- 29.
- 30.
- 31. 07-DEC-1984 - IrisAssociates 07.12.1984: Iris Associates wird von Raymond „Ray“ Ozzie gegründet Finanziert wird das Unternehmen von Lotus unter der Leitung von Mitch Kapor Im Januar 1985 stoßen Tim Halvorsen und Len Kawell hinzu, kurz danach auch Steven Beckhardt und Alan Eldridge Unternehmensziel war die Entwicklung einer Software nach dem Vorbild PLATO, die on-line Diskussion, das Verwalten von Adressen Dokumentenablage und auch e-Mail ermöglicht. Zunächst als PIM System gedacht, entwickelte sich Lotus Notes zu einem Client/Server System. Der Begriff „Groupware“ wurde geboren. "It was eccentric to think about group communication software in 1984, when most people had never touched an email system...the product was very far ahead of its time. It was the first commercial client/server product." Tom Diaz, former Vice President of Engineering at Iris
- 32. 20-MAY-1986 - NotesBuild 30L
- 33. 28-JUN-1986 - NotesServer
- 34. 08-OCT-1986 - „Noteforwarding works!“ Ältester, noch erhaltener Eintrag in „Iris Office Notes“
- 35.
- 36.
- 37. 07-DEC-1989 – LotusNotes 1.0 Exakt 5 Jahre nach der Gründung von „Iris Associates“ wird Lotus Notes auf Floppy Disks veröffentlicht. Größe: 2MB
- 38. Lotus Notes 1.0 Bereitsin der ersten Version gab es Funktionen, die wir heute noch verwenden • Directory • security/ACLs • Doclinks ( a.k.a “HotLink” ) • OLE rich text objects • replication Templates • group mail • group phone book • group discussion @functions "Should we build applications in the product or should we allow it to be flexible and let users do it because we don't know what they will want?“ - Tim Halverson Lotus Notes has survived the changes in the industry because it is a flexible product users can customize to fit their changing needs.
- 39. Lotus Notes 1.0 Imersten Jahr wurde Lotus Notes 1.0 35,000 x verkauft • $62.500 ,- für 200 User • Erster Kunden: Price Waterhouse Cooper, Arthur Anderson Notes Client DOS 3.1, OS/2. Notes Server DOS 3.1, 4.0, OS/2. Unterstützung für weitere Server-Betriebssysteme • OS/2 1.2 Extended Edition • Novell Netware Requester für OS/2 1.2 • Novell Netware/386 In einer engen Zusammenarbeit mit Microsoft wurde Lotus Notes 1.1 für Windows 3.0 entwickelt
- 40. Computer Cronicles 1989 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9MAPPum19d0 – This is a segment from the Computer Chronicles from Fall of 1989 where Brownell Chalstrom demonstrates Lotus Notes.
- 41. Notes Client …ewig unter Beschuss
- 42.
- 43.
- 44.
- 45.
- 46.
- 47.
- 48.
- 49.
- 50. Lotus Notes wirdbekannt Dyson, E. (1990) A notable order for groupware. (10,000 copies of Lotus Notes for Price Waterhouse). Datamation, 36:9, p. 51.
- 51. 1991 – LotusNotes 2.0 „Scaleability“ • Die Entwickler rechneten anfänglich mit nur bis zu 25 Usern, die auf dem Server eingeloggt waren. Sehr schnell stellte sich aber heraus, daß auch grosse Unternehmen Lotus Notes einsetzten. Daher war man bemüht, bis zu 10.000 User anzubinden Einführung von APIs Parallel zur Entwicklung von Notes 2.0 wurde schon über die Version 3.0 nachgedacht. Eine Strategie, die heute noch angewendet wird.
- 52. 1991 – LotusNotes 2.1
- 53. 1991 - LotusDevelopment acquired cc:Mail Lotus Notes features derived from cc:Mail • Shared Mail • client type-ahead addressing • enhancements to the Notes MTA (also called Router) • Notes Passthru feature
- 54. Mai 1993 –Lotus Notes V3 25 Entwickler
- 55. Notes Starter Packfor Win, Release 3.0
- 56. Notes Starter Packfor Win, Release 3.0
- 57. 06-JUL-1995 – IBMacquires Lotus
- 58. Januar 1996 –R4 „Release the Power“ Neue Oberfläche Erstes “Professional Programmer” release LotusScript: Schließt die Lücke zwischen den ein – fachen Formeln und der C-API Das Konzept der Point Releases wird etabliert Der QM Prozeß wird eingeführt
- 59. 1996 – Notes4.5 / Notes 4.6 Erstes „Point“ Release seit Version 1.1 Calendaring & Scheduling WebServer Addon verfügbar („Domino“) POP, IMAP, LDAP, NNTP, HTTP
- 60.
- 61. 1996 - 1998 Seit der Einführung von MS Exchange Server 4.0 im Juni 1996 ist der „seat war“ in vollem Gange Der Preis für eine Notes User Lizenz fällt von $270 auf $70 Netscape kündigt im Oktober 1996 Groupware Server / Clients an – IBM reagiert auf diese Ankündigung 1996 erreicht IBM die 20 Millionen „seats“ Marke Die ersten „Notes is dead“ Stimmen werden laut – Man sieht die Zukunft von Anwendungen im Internet – Gab es das nicht schon einmal vor ein paar Jahren ? AT&T ?? 1997 Ray Ozzie verlässt Lotus; weitere Entwickler und Führungskräfte folgen 1998 „Decline and fall of Lotus Notes“ , Forbes.com – http://www.forbes.com/forbes/1998/0810/6203106a.html “IBM will no longer be recommending Netscape products to it customers,” said John Patrick ,IBM vice president of Internet technology
- 62. März 1999 –R5 erscheint Erste, umfangreiche Überarbeitung der Oberfläche Java, JS, CORBA/IIOP, SMTP/MIME Administration Client Ab Version 5.0.2: Domino unter Linux Version 5.0.5 • iNotes Access for Microsoft ® Outlook™ • OLE/DB • DNFS (Domino Network File Storage) » http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg27003677 Version 5.0.8. iNotes Web Access • Shimmer, DWA … “Linux is set to grow as a server choice that can only be good for the Domino market. All in all, it's a platform worth getting to know.” Mark Lawson, Domino Power Magazine, 1999
- 63. Administrationskonsole ( oldstyle ) @Command([AdminRemoteConsole])
- 64.
- 65. Oktober 2002 –Lotus Notes /Domino 6 Noch einmal eine Überarbeitung der Oberfläche • Policies • Server/ Performance Monitor
- 66. September 2003 –Lotus Notes/ Domino 6.5 Integration von IBM Lotus Sametime® in den Client • Ohne Zusatzkosten • Chat und Awareness Mozilla browser support Linux® clients (Wine) Der Einsatz von Notes unter Linux wird weiterhin nicht offiziell unterstützt. IBM hat diese Lösung wohl vor allem für den Eigenbedarf entwickelt. Derzeit sollen bei IBM rund 30.000 interne Linux-Nutzer arbeiten, die auf diese Weise die aktuelle Notes-Version einsetzen können. Einen eigenständigen Notes-Client für Linux wird es laut IBM nicht geben. Der zur Lotusphere erstmals demonstrierte Workplace Client soll jedoch später auch Notes- Anwendungen ausführen können. (Volker Weber) / (Volker Weber) / (jk)
- 67. August 2005 –Lotus Notes / Domino 7 Verbesserung der Performance Domino Domain Monitoring Activity Trends Smart Upgrades Domino Web Services Domino Web Access verbessert IBM DB2 7.0.2 “Innovation Pack” – – blog template, – server RSS feeds, – “Notes auf dem USB stick”)
- 68.
- 69.
- 70. August 2007 -Lotus Notes / Domino 8
- 71. Januar 2009 -Lotus Notes / Domino 8.5 Directory Independence DAOS IDVAULT Lotus Notes Traveler – Windows Mobile, Nokia, iPhone / iPad . Android DDE – Domino Designer für Eclipse Xpages
- 72. März 2013 -Notes 9 Was ist NEU ?? Der Name – aus Lotus Notes/Domino – wird IBM Notes/Domino Die Icons IBM Notes/Domino ist der Code Stream von 8.5.4 + neue features Alles wird „Social“ …
- 73.
- 74. IBM Notes BrowserPlugin
- 75.
- 76. Januar 2015 –ConnectED 2015
- 77. Januar 2015 –ConnectED 2015
- 78.
- 79.
- 80.
- 81.
- 82.
- 83. 64Bit Notes Client http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21962311
- 85. Anything Beyond IBMNotes/Domino 9.0.2 ?
- 86.
- 87.
Hinweis der Redaktion
- #3 Das Jahr 1974. In einem Gemeinschaftsraum irgendwo an der Harvard Universität spielt Bill Gates mit seinen Freunden Steve Ballmer und Paul Alan eine Partie Poker. Wenig später gründet er Microsoft. Seine Angewohnheit ständig zu spät zu kommen beschert der Nachwelt Photos wie dieses hier. Auch das Foto der Belegschaft von Microsoft im Gründungsjahr ist immer wieder ein Hingucker. Was mag wohl ein Kapitalgeber zu dieser Zeit gedacht haben. Hätten Sie in diese Firma investiert?? In einem Dorf irgendwo in Indien lässt sich Steve Jobs den Kopf rasieren und sucht nach Erleuchtung. Ein paar Jahre später gründet er die Firma Apple. Den Trend zum Kurzhaar hat Steve Jobs bis heute beibehalten. Die Produkte sind schick und edel; sie sind in der regel intuitiv zu bedienen, allerdings muss auch die richtige Haltung erst einmal erlernt werden Steve Case schreibt an einer Album Rezension für seine High-School Zeitung in Honolulu, Hawaii, bevor er Jahre später als Gründer und CEO von AOL Time Warner zum Milliardär wurde. Ob die Rezension Anlass für polizeiliche Ermittlungen gewesen ist, ist nicht überliefert. Wie sich manches doch gleicht … erstaunliche Parallelen Während diese späteren Gründer von Internet Branchenriesen ihre letzten Jahre als Teenager erleben, hat die Zukunft des Internet in einer kleinen Stadt in Illinois schon begonnen. Sie hatte nicht nur begonnen; sie war bereits im vollen Gange ... Zwei Jahrzehnte bevor das World Wide Web das Licht der Welt erblickte, gab es bereits eine Online-Community bestehend aus Lehrern, Professoren, Hackern, Drückebergern, Spaßvögeln und Soft-und Hardware-Ingenieuren, die in E-Mails, Foren und Chat-Rooms Nachrichten austauschten, Filmkritiken veröffentlichten und über alles, von Kunst, Wissenschaft und Literatur, Sex, Drogen und Rock and Roll diskutierten. Wir befinden uns in den 1960er Jahren. Wie ist das möglich ?? Jump back in time to 1974. In a Harvard dormitory, Bill Gates, future co-founder of Microsoft, is goofing off playing poker and pinball. Over in India, Steve Jobs, future co-founder of Apple, has shaved his head and is wandering around seeking enlightenment. Out in Hawaii, Steve Case, future co-founder and head of AOL Time Warner, is busy writing album reviews for his Honolulu high school newspaper. While these future billionaire CEOs of Internet-industry behemoths are busy enjoying their last teenage years, at a university town in Illinois the 'Net has already arrived. Indeed: it's in full swing! Out here in the middle of cornfield country, there's a rich, vibrant online community of teachers, professors, hackers, slackers, pranksters, and software and hardware engineers thriving on email, chat rooms, instant messaging, addictive multiplayer games, multimedia, news, movie reviews, and message forums on everything from art, science, and literature, to sex, drugs, and rock and roll. How can this be?
- #7 Traf-O-Data was a partnership between Bill Gates, Paul Allen, and Paul Gilbert. The objective was to read the raw data from roadway traffic counters and create reports for traffic engineers. The company had only modest success but the experience was important in the creation of Microsoft a few years later.[1] http://www.google.de/imgres?imgurl=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Traf-O-Data_Computer.jpg&imgrefurl=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traf-O-Data&h=982&w=1604&tbnid=cJdkoNHF6q0uXM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=147&usg=__WOrJSmunHz-SWAWAV2O2iqBRcxE=&docid=iW4Dcxa5Ia68CM&sa=X&ved=0CC4Q9QEwAmoVChMI9Z_bvfrhxwIVyjgUCh3u7AD_
- #11 https://www.apfellike.com/2014/05/auf-den-spuren-von-steve-jobs-folge-2/
- #15 Case began his entrepreneurial career at age 6, when he and his older brother set up a juice stand, selling lime juice for 2¢ a cup https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/AOL#Unternehmensgeschichte Das Unternehmen wurde 1985 in Dulles, Virginia, von Steve Case und anderen als Quantum Computer Services gegründet, einem grafischen Onlinedienst für amerikanische Benutzer des Commodore 64. 1988 erfolgte die Umbenennung zu America Online. 1989 war der Dienst noch so klein, dass er im damals maßgeblichen Sachbuch über Online-Zugänge nicht vorkam.[3] Um 1990 – also kurz vor dem Start des World Wide Web – konkurrierten mehrere amerikanische Online-Anbieter; der größte war der Online-Pionier CompuServe. Im Unterschied zum in die Jahre gekommenen CompuServe mit seiner kargen Benutzeroberfläche ging AOL auf eine neue Generation von Nutzern zu und bot eine ansprechende farbenfrohe Software für den Zugang zu seinem Netz. Zudem gab sich AOL einen exklusiven Anstrich, indem man auf die grafisch anspruchsvolle Gemeinde der Apple Macintosh-Nutzer setzte und sich erst später für Microsoft Windows-Betriebssysteme öffnete.[4] Der Fotokonzern Kodak startete im Sommer 1998 einen Dienst, bei dem AOL-Kunden ihre belichteten Filme in Geschäften abgeben und wenig später die digitalisierten Fotos über ihr AOL-Konto abrufen konnten.[5] Mit dem Start des World Wide Web 1993 kam eine neue Netzkultur auf. Die Early Adopters entledigten sich der Bindung an zentralisierte Portale wie AOL und nutzten das Internet über Webbrowser. AOL galt damals als sicherer Hafen und die Netscape Communications Corporation als größte Herausforderung. Die New York Times schrieb 1998, America Online sei „allgemein als Schutz für technische Neulinge anerkannt, die noch nicht reif für die große weite Welt des Net sind.“[6]
- #19 Das Jahr 1974. In einem Gemeinschaftsraum irgendwo an der Harvard Universität spielt Bill Gates mit seinen Freunden Steve Ballmer und Paul Alan eine Partie Poker. Wenig später gründet er Microsoft. Seine Angewohnheit ständig zu spät zu kommen beschert der Nachwelt Photos wie dieses hier. Auch das Foto der Belegschaft von Microsoft im Gründungsjahr ist immer wieder ein Hingucker. Was mag wohl ein Kapitalgeber zu dieser Zeit gedacht haben. Hätten Sie in diese Firma investiert?? In einem Dorf irgendwo in Indien lässt sich Steve Jobs den Kopf rasieren und sucht nach Erleuchtung. Ein paar Jahre später gründet er die Firma Apple. Den Trend zum Kurzhaar hat Steve Jobs bis heute beibehalten. Die Produkte sind schick und edel; sie sind in der regel intuitiv zu bedienen, allerdings muss auch die richtige Haltung erst einmal erlernt werden Steve Case schreibt an einer Album Rezension für seine High-School Zeitung in Honolulu, Hawaii, bevor er Jahre später als Gründer und CEO von AOL Time Warner zum Milliardär wurde. Ob die Rezension Anlass für polizeiliche Ermittlungen gewesen ist, ist nicht überliefert. Wie sich manches doch gleicht … erstaunliche Parallelen Während diese späteren Gründer von Internet Branchenriesen ihre letzten Jahre als Teenager erleben, hat die Zukunft des Internet in einer kleinen Stadt in Illinois schon begonnen. Sie hatte nicht nur begonnen; sie war bereits im vollen Gange ... Zwei Jahrzehnte bevor das World Wide Web das Licht der Welt erblickte, gab es bereits eine Online-Community bestehend aus Lehrern, Professoren, Hackern, Drückebergern, Spaßvögeln und Soft-und Hardware-Ingenieuren, die in E-Mails, Foren und Chat-Rooms Nachrichten austauschten, Filmkritiken veröffentlichten und über alles, von Kunst, Wissenschaft und Literatur, Sex, Drogen und Rock and Roll diskutierten. Wir befinden uns in den 1960er Jahren. Wie ist das möglich ?? Jump back in time to 1974. In a Harvard dormitory, Bill Gates, future co-founder of Microsoft, is goofing off playing poker and pinball. Over in India, Steve Jobs, future co-founder of Apple, has shaved his head and is wandering around seeking enlightenment. Out in Hawaii, Steve Case, future co-founder and head of AOL Time Warner, is busy writing album reviews for his Honolulu high school newspaper. While these future billionaire CEOs of Internet-industry behemoths are busy enjoying their last teenage years, at a university town in Illinois the 'Net has already arrived. Indeed: it's in full swing! Out here in the middle of cornfield country, there's a rich, vibrant online community of teachers, professors, hackers, slackers, pranksters, and software and hardware engineers thriving on email, chat rooms, instant messaging, addictive multiplayer games, multimedia, news, movie reviews, and message forums on everything from art, science, and literature, to sex, drugs, and rock and roll. How can this be?
- #20 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLATO_%28computer_system%29#NSF_involvement https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato_%28Computersystem%29#Die_Geburtsstunde Mitte 1959 versuchten Chalmers Sherwin, Physiker an der Universität von Illinois, William Everett Potter, Ingenieur und Generalmajor des US Army Corps of Engineers, der Physiker Daniel Alpert und weitere Ingenieure, Mathematiker und Psychologen die grafische Umsetzung (berührungsempfindliche Systeme und Grafikschirme) eines computergestützten Lernsystems zu verwirklichen. Trotz intensiver Bemühungen konnte keine Einigung bzw. Lösung des grafischen Problems erzielt werden. Um das Sterben des Projektes noch vor der tatsächlichen Verwirklichung zu unterbinden, berichtete Alpert dem damaligen Laboranten im Fach Elektrotechnik, Donald L. Bitzer, von der Idee. Dieser hatte sich bereits seit einiger Zeit mit dem Projekt befasst und teilte Alpert mit, dass er im Stande sei eine Demonstrationsanlage zu bauen. Bitzer, der als Vater des Großrechnersystems PLATO angesehen wird, erkannte, dass einer der kritischen Punkte bei der Umsetzung computerbasierter Bildung die grafische Voraussetzung bzw. das grafische Element (Bildschirmsystem und Bedienung) war. Zu jener Zeit waren zehn Zeichen pro Sekunde bei herkömmlichen Fernschreibern die Norm. 1960 konnte bereits das erste PLATO-System „PLATO I“ auf einem lokalen Computer betrieben werden. Es umfasste einen Bildschirm für die Anzeige und eine spezielle Tastatur für die Navigation.[3]
- #23 The PLATO system was an early, influential system in the development of online communication. The PLATO system was originally created in the early 1960's at the University of Illinois at Urbana by Don Bitzer, an electrical engineering professor interested in using computers for teaching, who together with several colleagues founded the Computer-based Education Research Laboratory (CERL). The original PLATO system was comprised of custom developed hardware and software, and one of the first time-sharing systems. In 1972, the software was ported to a more powerful mainframe platform with support for hundreds of simultaneous users. Today, a working copy of PLATO can be found on the Internet running at Cyber1.org. The following paragraphs describe the various PLATO applications Notes, Talkomatic, Personal Notes, and Group Notes, the system's denouement, and additional resources. Notes. The PLATO Notes application was originally written by David Woolley to extend an existing program for reporting system bugs. It occurred to him as he developed the application that a single response from the system staff to each reported bug (note) was too restrictive, so he added a feature to allow up to 63 responses to each note, thereby enabling an ongoing conversation. As the power of this idea became apparent, Woolley extended the system to enable conversations on general topics in addition to reporting system bugs. The updated Notes application was deployed 7 August, 1973, and quickly became one of the most popular features on the PLATO system. Talkomatic. In the fall of 1973, Doug Brown wrote a basic program called Talkomatic to support chat among users on PLATO. The screen was divided into several horizontal windows, with a separate window for each participant, and enabled each user to type at the same time. Talkomatic transmitted characters as they were entered, so that each user could see the messages appear as they being typed, which greatly added to the real-time feel of the application. Talkomatic was soon extended to support multiple channels, each with up to five participants (limited by the size of the screen) and any number of non-participating monitors, and quickly became one of the most popular applications on the PLATO system. A similar two-person communication program modeled on Talkomatic was also developed called term-talk, which enabled any two people to communicate without exiting their current program - kind of an early instant massaging system. Personal Notes. Kim Mast extended Notes to implement a personal mail system called Personal Notes, released in August of 1974. Mast and Woolley worked together to integrate all of PLATO's communication features into a single application, combining Notes, Personal Notes, and term-talk. Group Notes. As Notes became more popular, it became apparent that it needed generalization to scale up in size. After a fair amount of research and experimentation, Woolley released the application Group Notes in January, 1976. Group Notes supported an unlimited number of notes files, both public and project related, greatly extending its applicability, and use of the system skyrocketed. Before long public forums were established for discussion of subjects such as movies, music, religion, and science fiction, and private notes files were set up for communication among groups working on individual projects. One of the most popular forums was a set of surrealistic stories posted by a student at the University of Delaware named David J. Graper, which became collected as Grapenotes. Starting in 1975, Control Data Corporation began to turn the PLATO system into a commercial product, and by 1985 more than a hundred such systems were operating at commercial, university, and government sites around the world. Several of the sites were linked together by dedicated lines, so in 1978 the Notes application was extended again to enable inter-site communication, so that notes files could be linked across systems to appear as one integrated forum. Interestingly, the extended PLATO community showed much the same evolution as other online communities such as the Usenet newsgroups and Mailing lists, with development of the full spectrum of idiosyncratic human behavior, including flaming sessions, people impersonating others, heated political discussions, and the development of online relationships that later blossomed into off-line friendships, including many marriages. Denouement. As the Control Data Corporation ran into financial trouble in the late 1980's, and microcomputers became a more cost-effective platform than mainframes, many PLATO systems were closed down. The PLATO name was sold to a Minneapolis-based company called PLATO Learning, Inc. Control Data's PLATO system was renamed CYBIS, and continued to be supported at several university and government sites still running the original PLATO Notes software. The University of Illinois PLATO system was renamed NovaNET, and transferred to a private company called NovaNET Learning, Inc., of Tucson, Arizona. The CERL PLATO system, only one of the sites deployed around the world, logged 10 million hours of use between September, 1978 and May, 1985, the period for which the most complete statistics are available. About one third of those hours were spent using the Notes application. About 3.3 million messages were posted in about 2000 notes files. Many subsequently developed software systems were influenced by PLATO, including the very successful commercial product Lotus Notes, developed by Ray Ozzie, Tim Halvorsen, and Len Kawell, all of whom had worked at CERL in the late 1970's. Resources. The following references provide more information: Plato Conference PlatoFiles.org PlatoPeople.com Woolley, David; PLATO: The Emergence of Online Community; 1994.
- #26 Während der vorangetriebenen Vermarktung durch die CDC wurde das System international eingesetzt. Südafrika war einer der großen Nutzer von PLATO in den frühen 1980er Jahren. Die PLATO-Systeme wurden vom dortigen Stromversorgungsunternehmen Eskom für Verwaltung und Datenverarbeitungsaufgaben zur Stromerzeugung und -verteilung verwendet. Ein weiterer großer Nutzer von PLATO war die University of the Western Cape sowie weitere Bildungseinrichtungen in Südafrika, unter ihnen das Madadeni College in den Madadeni Township außerhalb von Newcastle. Die südafrikanische Tochtergesellschaft der CDC investierte stark in die Entwicklung von Sekundarschullehrplänen, basierend auf PLATO. Als sich jedoch diese Entwicklung der Endphase näherte, begann sich die CDC Tochtergesellschaft aufgrund finanzieller Probleme aufzulösen. Teilweise wegen der wachsenden Opposition der Vereinigten Staaten gegen die Geschäftstätigkeit in Südafrika und teilweise aufgrund der rasanten Entwicklung von Mikrocomputern, eine Entwicklung die die CDC nicht rechtzeitig erkannte. During the period when CDC was marketing PLATO, the system began to be used internationally. South Africa was one of the biggest users of PLATO in the early 1980s. Eskom, the South African electrical power company, had a large CDC mainframe at Megawatt Park in the northwest suburbs of Johannesburg. Mainly this computer was used for management and data processing tasks related to power generation and distribution, but it also ran the PLATO software. The largest PLATO installation in South Africa during the early 1980s was at the University of the Western Cape, which served "native" population, and at one time had hundreds of PLATO IV terminals all connected by leased data lines back to Johannesburg. There were several other installations at educational institutions in South Africa, among them Madadeni College in the Madadeni township just outside of Newcastle. This was perhaps the most unusual PLATO installation anywhere. Madadeni had about 1,000 students, all of them who were original inhabitants i.e.native population and 99.5% of Zulu ancestry. The college was one of 10 teacher preparation institutions in kwaZulu, most of them much smaller. In many ways Madadeni was very primitive. None of the classrooms had electricity and there was only one telephone for the whole college, which one had to crank for several minutes before an operator might come on the line. So an air-conditioned, carpeted room with 16 computer terminals was a stark contrast to the rest of the college. At times the only way a person could communicate with the outside world was through PLATO term-talk. For many of the Madadeni students, most of whom came from very rural areas, the PLATO terminal was the first time they encountered any kind of electronic technology. Many of the first-year students had never seen a flush toilet before. There initially was skepticism that these technologically illiterate students could effectively use PLATO, but those concerns were not borne out. Within an hour or less most students were using the system proficiently, mostly to learn math and science skills, although a lesson that taught keyboarding skills was one of the most popular. A few students even used on-line resources to learn TUTOR, the PLATO programming language, and a few wrote lessons on the system in the Zulu language. PLATO was also used fairly extensively in South Africa for industrial training. Eskom successfully used PLM (PLATO learning management) and simulations to train power plant operators, South African Airways (SAA) used PLATO simulations for cabin attendant training, and there were a number of other large companies as well that were exploring the use of PLATO. The South African subsidiary of CDC invested heavily in the development of an entire secondary school curriculum (SASSC) on PLATO, but unfortunately as the curriculum was nearing the final stages of completion, CDC began to falter in South Africa—partly because of financial problems back home, partly because of growing opposition in the United States to doing business in South Africa, and partly due to the rapidly evolving microcomputer, a paradigm shift that CDC failed to recognize.
- #27 http://www.google.de/imgres?imgurl=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/1d/PlatoEmpireTourney1984Aug18.png&imgrefurl=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_%28PLATO%29&h=512&w=512&tbnid=aqcfw6t587YsqM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=90&usg=__JSLeusBZE6W3vuplktAansv-t4M=&docid=zcxRXIBKAR0cxM&sa=X&ved=0CC0Q9QEwAWoVChMI7-mF2-jhxwIVgXIUCh2dCgrZ
- #29 http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/04/from-touch-displays-to-the-surface-a-brief-history-of-touchscreen-technology/
- #31 http://www.networkworld.com/article/2853451/software/groupware-hug-lotus-notes-turning-25.html In an interview first published Dec. 2, 2004, Ray Ozzie walks us through the history
- #52 The second major release of Notes shipped in 1991. Release 2.0 included the following enchancements: 1) C Applications Programming Interface (API) 2) Column totals in views 3) Tables and paragraph styles 4) Rich text support 5) Additional formula language @functions 6) Address look-up in mail 7) Multiple Name and Address books 8) Return receipt for mail memos 9) Forwarding documents via mail 10) Larger databases and desktop files
- #54 Lotus Development acquired cc:Mail, Inc. (formerly PCC Systems), which was a Silicon Valley startup, in 1991 and used the cc:Mail technology to enhance Lotus Notes. Lotus Notes features derived from cc:Mail included Shared Mail, client type-ahead addressing, enhancements to the Notes MTA (also called Router), and the Notes Passthru feature. .
- #55 Notes Release 3.0 shipped in May 1993. By this time, Iris had about 25 developers working on Notes. Release 3.0 was build number 114.3c. This means that it was the 114th successful build of Notes ever and that it took three tries to complete the final build. Release 3.0 also added greater design capability and many additional features, including: 1) Full-text search 2) Hierarchical names, views, forms, and filters 3) Additional mobile features, including background replication 4) Enhanced scalability 5) Alternate mail capability 6) Development of common API strategies for cross-platform Notes applications 7) Selective replication 8) Support for AppleTalk networks 9) Deployment and administrative improvements 10) Support for the Macintosh client 11) A server for the Windows operating system
- #58 Lotus, which was acquired by IBM in 1995, attempted to move cc:Mail customers to Lotus Notes, which was a superior client/server platform, but their efforts met with limited success, because of early challenges in the area of coexistence and migration between cc:Mail and Notes and because Lotus was focused on groupware rather than simple email. Microsoft, which provided a simpler migration path and a more focused solution (email), succeeded in winning the majority of the cc:Mail installed base in the United States
- #59 In January 1996, Lotus released Notes Release 4.0. This release offered a completely redesigned user interface based on customer feedback. This interface exposed and simplified many Notes features, making it easier to use, program, and administer. When the developers gave a demonstration of the new user interface at Lotusphere, they received a standing ovation from the crowd of customers. Release 4.0 also offered: 1) LotusScript, a programming language built into Notes 2) A three-paned UI for mail and other applications with document preview ability 3) Pass-thru servers 4) A new graphical user interface for server administrators 5) Built-in Internet integration, including Web browser accessible Notes databases 6) Upward mobility, including locations and stacked icons 7) An enhanced replicator page 8) Rapid application development and programmability as a result of an Integrated Development Environment (IDE), infoboxes, and redesigned templates 9) View, folder, and design features, including the ability to create action bars, the ability to create navigators that allowed easy graphical navigation among views, and improved table support 10) Search features, such as the ability to search a database without indexing it, and the ability to add conditions to a search with the Search Builder without writing a formula 11) Security features, such as the ability to keep local databases secure and the ability to restrict who can read selected documents 12) Internet server improvements, including SOCKS support, HTTP proxy support, and Notes RPC proxy support
- #62 The decline and fall of Lotus Daniel Lyons, 08.10.98 FOR YEARS the Baan Co. relied on Lotus Notes to let its employees in countries all over the world communicate with one another. But the fast- growing Dutch software developer ripped out its Notes system last year and replaced it with Exchange, a messaging system from Microsoft. With Exchange, Baan needs only 50 servers, half as many as with Lotus Notes, to deliver E-mail to 10,000 people on its system. Three administrators can manage the system, down from 20 who were needed with Notes, says John Douglas, director of information technology at Baan. Score another victory for Microsoft and a costly setback for IBM. In the first quarter of this year Microsoft Exchange outsold Lotus Notes, 3 million copies to 2.7 million. The Lotus product, nine years old, still has 17 million installations, according to International Data Corp., but the two-year-old Microsoft rival is gaining fast at 9.5 million. Of the 50 biggest companies in the U.S., 30 have chosen Exchange as their companywide E-mail program (although some of them may also make significant use of Notes). Former Lotus flagship accounts such as Amoco, Compaq Computer, Dell Computer, Hewlett-Packard, Intel, Johnson & Johnson, Nike, Shell, Texaco and Unisys now are adopting Microsoft's messaging technology. Ford Motor Co., a huge IBM account with 135,000 users, has rejected Notes in favor of Exchange. How quickly fortunes change in software. Four years ago Fortune magazine was touting Notes as the Next Big Thing, the product Microsoft couldn't stop. Apparently agreeing, IBM in 1995 paid $3.2 billion for Lotus Development Corp. in an initially hostile takeover -- largely to get its hands on Notes. To be sure, IBM can claim some sales gains -- Lotus has sold more copies of Notes during IBM's tenure than it did in the six preceding years. But the market has been growing faster, taking Notes' share of the groupware business worldwide down from 64% in 1995 to 41% last year. A major exodus of talent occurred during IBM's first year of ownership. Now there's a second. Raymond Ozzie, the key developer of Notes, quit Lotus last fall, along with a handful of other key programmers. Deborah Besemer, the second in command at Lotus, left in November, along with three vice presidents in sales, consulting and business development. Notes was supposed to become a New Age replacement for IBM's old- fashioned mainframe-based mail systems, Profs and OfficeVision. There was a lot at stake. E-mail drives decisions on other applications. Hewlett-Packard, for example, is not only installing Exchange; it is also tearing out other Lotus applications, such as word processing and spreadsheets, and replacing them with Microsoft products. What did IBM do wrong? Its first mistake may have been to be too generous -- it fully vested every Lotus employee's stock options at the time of the acquisition, which enabled talent to leave. But then it declined to replace the generous Lotus option program with one using IBM stock. "The really tangible incentives were taken away," says Edward J. McGowan, a developer who left Lotus last year to join a startup. Another mistake, according to Besemer, an 11-year veteran, was bending over backward to keep Lotus independent. She says that for Lotus to compete against Microsoft it must integrate its sales force into IBM's -- something that Lotus President and Chief Executive Jeffrey Papows is reluctant to do. Lotus was slow to recognize the importance of the Internet. Its Domino server -- the "back end" of Notes -- accommodates Web connections but is more expensive and complicated than rival products. (See cover story, p. 94, for description of IBM's Apache-related Web software.) Even before IBM arrived, Notes' identity had been blurred; it's no better now. First the software was marketed as a system to make it easy for a widely dispersed group of employees to work together editing a document or managing a project. Then Notes was redefined as a tool for building customized collaborative applications. Now Lotus seems to be playing up the E-mail function in Notes and positioning it as a replacement for cc:Mail. The latter was once a leader in its field but is now suffering a slow death, and Lotus has said there will be no more upgrades. So what did IBM get in the end for its $3.2 billion? On the E-mail front, Exchange is cheaper to run and more reliable. On the collaboration front, there are Web-based applications that do much of what Notes does, but cost less. Motorola and Northern Telecom, for example, both still use Notes in some departments but will use Livelink, a Web-based groupware product from Open Text Corp., for future groupware projects. For years Lotus scoffed that Exchange, originally simply an E-mail program, couldn't do collaboration. But now Exchange is catching up. GartnerGroup estimates Exchange has about 75% of the features found in Notes and will have the rest in a year or two. Faced with this new threat, Lotus has invented yet another definition for Notes. Now, officials say, Notes is ahead of Exchange because it can let companies do "knowledge management," a fuzzy term to describe the process by which people share expertise with colleagues. Problem is, only a handful of huge companies care about knowledge management. And even those companies aren't necessarily convinced that Notes is the best way to do it. Consulting firm KPMG Peat Marwick is deleting all of its Notes systems and installing Exchange for its 65,000 employees. Microsoft won the 6,500 computer users at the Defense & Electronics division of ITT Industries by bringing ITT brass to its headquarters in Redmond, Wash. and giving them special presentations and peeks at future products. Did Lotus fight to defend the account? "To be frank with you, not really," says Victor Rios, vice president of information technology at the ITT division. Kenneth Bisconti, the director of strategic marketing at Lotus, sounds sour when he says: "Did that guy [Rios] really do his job correctly if he made a decision based on who wined and dined him?" Lotus is also losing its grip on the small developers who make a living designing customized applications on top of Notes. They are angry because Lotus competes against them with its own Notes applications. Microsoft, taking advantage of the discord, has started wooing the developers away. Among those who have signed on is InfoImage, a $20 million developer in Phoenix, Ariz. Scarcely half a year ago Lotus had honored InfoImage as its biggest and best business partner. Bisconti's response to the defections: "It's really not a big deal." Maybe not, but IBM's purchase of Lotus has turned into a pretty expensive ego trip.
- #84 http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21962311