Este documento describe los pasos para crear un perfil topográfico usando Google Earth Pro. El autor abrió Google Earth Pro y seleccionó la ciudad de Poza Rica, Veracruz, México. Escogió el municipio de Cazones, cerca del agua. Añadió una ruta, le dio un nombre y color, y modificó el ancho de la línea. Al hacer clic derecho sobre la ruta, seleccionó la opción de mostrar el perfil de elevación, el cual muestra cómo varía el terreno a lo largo de la ruta sele
This document describes a major project on a biometric fingerprint attendance system. It discusses biometrics and how fingerprints can be used for identification. The system uses a microcontroller, LCD, fingerprint scanner, EEPROM, and other components. Fingerprints are unique based on ridge and valley patterns. The system scans fingerprints and compares them to stored templates to verify identities for attendance tracking.
Flowserve Valtek Mark One Control ValveSwanson Flo
The Valtek Mark One globe control valve offers superior performance in liquid and gaseous services, while also permitting easy, fast and inexpensive maintenance.
This document discusses metrology and measurement. It defines metrology as the field concerned with measurement, including theoretical and practical problems related to measurement. It establishes metrology as including the establishment, reproduction, and transfer of measurement standards.
The document outlines the principal fields of metrology, including establishing measurement units and standards, measurement methods and accuracy, measuring instruments, observer capabilities, and gauge design. It describes the types of metrology as scientific, industrial, and legal metrology. Scientific metrology deals with maintaining highest level standards. Industrial metrology ensures adequate functioning of instruments in industry. Legal metrology regulates measuring instruments.
The document also discusses measurement units, errors, accuracy, precision, calibration, and factors that affect measurements
Este documento describe los pasos para crear un perfil topográfico usando Google Earth Pro. El autor abrió Google Earth Pro y seleccionó la ciudad de Poza Rica, Veracruz, México. Escogió el municipio de Cazones, cerca del agua. Añadió una ruta, le dio un nombre y color, y modificó el ancho de la línea. Al hacer clic derecho sobre la ruta, seleccionó la opción de mostrar el perfil de elevación, el cual muestra cómo varía el terreno a lo largo de la ruta sele
This document describes a major project on a biometric fingerprint attendance system. It discusses biometrics and how fingerprints can be used for identification. The system uses a microcontroller, LCD, fingerprint scanner, EEPROM, and other components. Fingerprints are unique based on ridge and valley patterns. The system scans fingerprints and compares them to stored templates to verify identities for attendance tracking.
Flowserve Valtek Mark One Control ValveSwanson Flo
The Valtek Mark One globe control valve offers superior performance in liquid and gaseous services, while also permitting easy, fast and inexpensive maintenance.
This document discusses metrology and measurement. It defines metrology as the field concerned with measurement, including theoretical and practical problems related to measurement. It establishes metrology as including the establishment, reproduction, and transfer of measurement standards.
The document outlines the principal fields of metrology, including establishing measurement units and standards, measurement methods and accuracy, measuring instruments, observer capabilities, and gauge design. It describes the types of metrology as scientific, industrial, and legal metrology. Scientific metrology deals with maintaining highest level standards. Industrial metrology ensures adequate functioning of instruments in industry. Legal metrology regulates measuring instruments.
The document also discusses measurement units, errors, accuracy, precision, calibration, and factors that affect measurements
Un perfil topográfico es un diagrama que muestra la forma de la superficie del terreno al cortarla transversalmente con un plano vertical. Consta de cuatro líneas: la línea del perfil, la línea de base y dos líneas de límite. Se utilizan para entender la topografía de un área y ayudar en proyectos como la construcción de carreteras.
Este documento presenta notas de clase sobre cálculo vectorial. Introduce conceptos como funciones vectoriales, espacio Rn, operaciones algebraicas en funciones vectoriales como suma y producto escalar. Explica conceptos geométricos como curvas, tangentes, longitud de arco y curvatura. Luego cubre temas sobre campos escalares como gráficas, límites, continuidad, derivadas parciales y diferenciabilidad. Finalmente presenta conceptos sobre integrales múltiples, integrales de línea, áreas de superficies e integrales
Este documento describe los aspectos fundamentales del diseño y construcción de carreteras. Explica que una carretera es una vía destinada al tránsito de vehículos y que su diseño depende del ingeniero civil. Luego detalla las 5 etapas del trazado de una carretera, los factores que determinan la velocidad de diseño, y las clasificaciones de carreteras según demanda y condiciones orográficas. Finalmente, explica conceptos clave como línea de ceros, pendientes máximas, y los principales tipos de
Taquimetría
Levantamientos taquimétricos con teodolito electrónico y estación total
Poligonación. Ajuste y cierre por coordenadas totales
Curvas de nivel. Interpolación. Relleno topográfico.
Conceptos preliminares en fotogrametría y geoposicionamiento satelital
Introducción a la utilización de los software de aplicación en topografía
Student Information Management System (SIMS) is a software for information about the students. There are many departments in a college. All these departments provide various records regarding students. Most of these track records need to maintain information about the students. This information could be the general details like student name, address, performance, attendance etc., or specific information related to departments like collection of data. They are maintained manually. So they need to be automated and centralized as, Information from one module will be needed by other modules. For example when a student needs his course completion certificate it needs to check many details about the student like his name, register number, year of study, exams he attended and many other details. So it needs to contact all the modules that are office, department and examination and result of students.
Design of complex arithmetic logic circuits considering ground noise, leakage current, active power and area is a challenging task in VLSI circuits. In this paper, a comparative analysis of high performance power gating schemes is done which minimizes the leakage power and provides a way to control the ground noise. The innovative power gating schemes such as stacking power gating , diode based stacking power gating are analyzed which minimizes the peak of ground noise in transition mode for deep submicron circuits. Further to evaluate the efficiency, the simulation has been done using such high performance power gating schemes. Leakage current comparison of NAND gate without power gating and with power gating scheme is done. Finally it is observed that the leakage current in standby mode is reduced by 80% over the conventional power gating. It is also found that in stacking power gating, the ground noise has been reduced by a small extent over the conventional power gating scheme. We have performed simulations using Tanner in a 180nm standard CMOS technology at room temperature with supply voltage of 2.5 V. Finally, a detailed comparative analysis has been carried out to measure the design efficiency of high performance power gating schemes. This analysis provides an effective road map for high performance digital circuit designers who are interested to work with low power application in deep submicron circuits.
Now a day’s wild animals are becoming less in number because of industrialization and cutting of trees in the forest area. Hence it is significant to save life of wild animals in the sanctuary. One of the applications is tracking animal and keeps regular monitoring on them. This tracking system can inform you the location and route travelled by animal, and that information can be observed from any other distant location. If any accident happens to them in the forest, physical injury or any illness may cause even death of animals in the forest. In such situation we cannot find out precise location of animal in such a large area. To avoid such problems in the finding exact geographical location of animal in the jungle, national park or in wildlife treasury, animal de Capabilite system is used.
Jumpha Lahiri is one of the most remarkable women novelists, whose novels are concerned mainly with social and political themes of the East-West Encounter. Her serious concern is with the cross-cultural consciousness of her characters. She gives a graphic picture of the theme of immigration and alienation of the uprooted individuals in her novel The Namesake (2003) .The novel is based on the theme of immigration of native Indians who went to America; it deals with the theme of coloured immigrants in USA and presents their difficulties of adjustment there. These uprooted individuals, Ashoke and Ashima, symbolize two sides of the immigrant experience and also suffer from exile, alienation and humiliation. This paper tries to focus the diasporas‟ sensibilities and handled the thematic concerns like search for identity, displacement, cultural dislocation, isolation and alienation in their novels.
This paper describes a parallel single-rail self-timed adder using dual gate MOSFETs which is based on a recursive formulation for performing multi bit binary addition. Thus the addition is parallel for those bits that do not need any carry chain propagation and the circuit attains logarithmic performance over random operand conditions without any special speedup circuitry or look-ahead schema. A practical design of dual gate MOSFET is provided along with a completion detection unit. The design is regular and does not have any practical limitations of high fan outs. A high fan-in gate is required on the design but this is unavoidable for asynchronous logic and is managed by connecting the transistors in parallel. Simulations have been performed using LT spice tool that verify the practicality and superiority of the proposed approach over existing asynchronous adders.
In this paper, low linear architectures for analyzing the first two maximum or minimum values are of paramount importance in several uses, including iterative decoders. The min-sum giving out step is to that it produces only two diverse output magnitude values irrespective of the number of incoming bit-to check communication. These new micro-architecture structures would utilize the minimum number of comparators by exploiting the concept of survivors in the search. These would result in reduced number of comparisons and consequently reduced energy use. Multipliers are complex units and play an important role in finding the overall area, speed and power consumption of digital designs. By using the multiplier we can minimize the parameters like latency, complexity and power consumption. The decoding algorithms we propose generalize and unify the decoding schemes originally presented the product codes and those of low-density parity-check codes.
El perfil topográfico representa el relieve del terreno mediante la intersección de líneas de nivel. Se traza una línea en un mapa topográfico para mostrar las elevaciones a lo largo de ese corte. Google Earth permite crear polígonos y ver su perfil de elevación para analizar el terreno. Se traza un polígono, se le da formato y luego se muestra su perfil topográfico.
El documento explica el concepto de pendiente topográfica, que es la inclinación de una superficie con respecto a lo horizontal. Define la pendiente como la relación entre el desnivel y la distancia horizontal. Explica cómo calcular la pendiente entre dos puntos utilizando sus cotas, midiendo la distancia entre ellos en un plano topográfico y aplicando la escala del plano. Proporciona un ejemplo numérico del cálculo de pendiente.
El documento explica el concepto de pendiente topográfica, que es la inclinación de una superficie con respecto a lo horizontal. Detalla cómo se calcula la pendiente mediante la relación entre el desnivel y la distancia horizontal entre dos puntos, y cómo se aplica esto utilizando las curvas de nivel en un plano topográfico para determinar la pendiente en una zona específica. Además, proporciona un ejemplo numérico de cómo calcular la pendiente entre dos puntos dados sus cotas y distancia en un plano a escala.
Un perfil topográfico es un diagrama que muestra la forma de la superficie del terreno al cortarla transversalmente con un plano vertical. Consta de cuatro líneas: la línea del perfil, la línea de base y dos líneas de límite. Se utilizan para entender la topografía de un área y ayudar en proyectos como la construcción de carreteras.
Este documento presenta notas de clase sobre cálculo vectorial. Introduce conceptos como funciones vectoriales, espacio Rn, operaciones algebraicas en funciones vectoriales como suma y producto escalar. Explica conceptos geométricos como curvas, tangentes, longitud de arco y curvatura. Luego cubre temas sobre campos escalares como gráficas, límites, continuidad, derivadas parciales y diferenciabilidad. Finalmente presenta conceptos sobre integrales múltiples, integrales de línea, áreas de superficies e integrales
Este documento describe los aspectos fundamentales del diseño y construcción de carreteras. Explica que una carretera es una vía destinada al tránsito de vehículos y que su diseño depende del ingeniero civil. Luego detalla las 5 etapas del trazado de una carretera, los factores que determinan la velocidad de diseño, y las clasificaciones de carreteras según demanda y condiciones orográficas. Finalmente, explica conceptos clave como línea de ceros, pendientes máximas, y los principales tipos de
Taquimetría
Levantamientos taquimétricos con teodolito electrónico y estación total
Poligonación. Ajuste y cierre por coordenadas totales
Curvas de nivel. Interpolación. Relleno topográfico.
Conceptos preliminares en fotogrametría y geoposicionamiento satelital
Introducción a la utilización de los software de aplicación en topografía
Student Information Management System (SIMS) is a software for information about the students. There are many departments in a college. All these departments provide various records regarding students. Most of these track records need to maintain information about the students. This information could be the general details like student name, address, performance, attendance etc., or specific information related to departments like collection of data. They are maintained manually. So they need to be automated and centralized as, Information from one module will be needed by other modules. For example when a student needs his course completion certificate it needs to check many details about the student like his name, register number, year of study, exams he attended and many other details. So it needs to contact all the modules that are office, department and examination and result of students.
Design of complex arithmetic logic circuits considering ground noise, leakage current, active power and area is a challenging task in VLSI circuits. In this paper, a comparative analysis of high performance power gating schemes is done which minimizes the leakage power and provides a way to control the ground noise. The innovative power gating schemes such as stacking power gating , diode based stacking power gating are analyzed which minimizes the peak of ground noise in transition mode for deep submicron circuits. Further to evaluate the efficiency, the simulation has been done using such high performance power gating schemes. Leakage current comparison of NAND gate without power gating and with power gating scheme is done. Finally it is observed that the leakage current in standby mode is reduced by 80% over the conventional power gating. It is also found that in stacking power gating, the ground noise has been reduced by a small extent over the conventional power gating scheme. We have performed simulations using Tanner in a 180nm standard CMOS technology at room temperature with supply voltage of 2.5 V. Finally, a detailed comparative analysis has been carried out to measure the design efficiency of high performance power gating schemes. This analysis provides an effective road map for high performance digital circuit designers who are interested to work with low power application in deep submicron circuits.
Now a day’s wild animals are becoming less in number because of industrialization and cutting of trees in the forest area. Hence it is significant to save life of wild animals in the sanctuary. One of the applications is tracking animal and keeps regular monitoring on them. This tracking system can inform you the location and route travelled by animal, and that information can be observed from any other distant location. If any accident happens to them in the forest, physical injury or any illness may cause even death of animals in the forest. In such situation we cannot find out precise location of animal in such a large area. To avoid such problems in the finding exact geographical location of animal in the jungle, national park or in wildlife treasury, animal de Capabilite system is used.
Jumpha Lahiri is one of the most remarkable women novelists, whose novels are concerned mainly with social and political themes of the East-West Encounter. Her serious concern is with the cross-cultural consciousness of her characters. She gives a graphic picture of the theme of immigration and alienation of the uprooted individuals in her novel The Namesake (2003) .The novel is based on the theme of immigration of native Indians who went to America; it deals with the theme of coloured immigrants in USA and presents their difficulties of adjustment there. These uprooted individuals, Ashoke and Ashima, symbolize two sides of the immigrant experience and also suffer from exile, alienation and humiliation. This paper tries to focus the diasporas‟ sensibilities and handled the thematic concerns like search for identity, displacement, cultural dislocation, isolation and alienation in their novels.
This paper describes a parallel single-rail self-timed adder using dual gate MOSFETs which is based on a recursive formulation for performing multi bit binary addition. Thus the addition is parallel for those bits that do not need any carry chain propagation and the circuit attains logarithmic performance over random operand conditions without any special speedup circuitry or look-ahead schema. A practical design of dual gate MOSFET is provided along with a completion detection unit. The design is regular and does not have any practical limitations of high fan outs. A high fan-in gate is required on the design but this is unavoidable for asynchronous logic and is managed by connecting the transistors in parallel. Simulations have been performed using LT spice tool that verify the practicality and superiority of the proposed approach over existing asynchronous adders.
In this paper, low linear architectures for analyzing the first two maximum or minimum values are of paramount importance in several uses, including iterative decoders. The min-sum giving out step is to that it produces only two diverse output magnitude values irrespective of the number of incoming bit-to check communication. These new micro-architecture structures would utilize the minimum number of comparators by exploiting the concept of survivors in the search. These would result in reduced number of comparisons and consequently reduced energy use. Multipliers are complex units and play an important role in finding the overall area, speed and power consumption of digital designs. By using the multiplier we can minimize the parameters like latency, complexity and power consumption. The decoding algorithms we propose generalize and unify the decoding schemes originally presented the product codes and those of low-density parity-check codes.
El perfil topográfico representa el relieve del terreno mediante la intersección de líneas de nivel. Se traza una línea en un mapa topográfico para mostrar las elevaciones a lo largo de ese corte. Google Earth permite crear polígonos y ver su perfil de elevación para analizar el terreno. Se traza un polígono, se le da formato y luego se muestra su perfil topográfico.
El documento explica el concepto de pendiente topográfica, que es la inclinación de una superficie con respecto a lo horizontal. Define la pendiente como la relación entre el desnivel y la distancia horizontal. Explica cómo calcular la pendiente entre dos puntos utilizando sus cotas, midiendo la distancia entre ellos en un plano topográfico y aplicando la escala del plano. Proporciona un ejemplo numérico del cálculo de pendiente.
El documento explica el concepto de pendiente topográfica, que es la inclinación de una superficie con respecto a lo horizontal. Detalla cómo se calcula la pendiente mediante la relación entre el desnivel y la distancia horizontal entre dos puntos, y cómo se aplica esto utilizando las curvas de nivel en un plano topográfico para determinar la pendiente en una zona específica. Además, proporciona un ejemplo numérico de cómo calcular la pendiente entre dos puntos dados sus cotas y distancia en un plano a escala.
Primary hypertension accounts for 90% of hypertension cases. It is defined as high blood pressure without an identifiable secondary cause. The main pathophysiological drivers of primary hypertension are an overactive renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and endothelial dysfunction. This leads to increased peripheral resistance and higher blood pressure. Over time, uncontrolled high blood pressure can damage target organs like the heart, brain, kidneys, and blood vessels, potentially causing complications like heart failure, stroke, and kidney disease. Managing risk factors and treating hypertension can help prevent its progression and reduce complications.
The document discusses the diagnosis and management of primary hypertension, including defining diagnostic criteria, describing diagnostic procedures such as clinical exams, blood pressure measurements, laboratory tests, and imaging studies to identify target organ damage, and outlining treatment pathways including lifestyle modifications and medication management. Target organ damage of the heart, brain, kidneys, eyes, and peripheral arteries from long-term high blood pressure is also reviewed.
This document summarizes a lecture on the treatment of congestive heart failure. It defines heart failure classifications according to the New York Heart Association. For acute heart failure, the main treatment goals are treating life-threatening conditions and improving quality of life through vasodilation, organ protection, and volume control. Chronic heart failure treatment aims to improve quality of life, reduce disability, and increase longevity. Evidence-based drug therapies recommended for chronic heart failure include ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and aldosterone antagonists. Other options discussed include surgical treatments like heart transplantation and resynchronization therapy, as well as developing treatments like stem cell therapy. The document emphasizes the importance of home care programs for long-term heart failure
The document discusses diagnostic procedures for congestive heart failure, including clinical exams, echocardiography, blood tests, cardiac imaging like angiography and MRI, and hemodynamic monitoring. Key diagnostic tests are clinical exams, echocardiography to assess heart structure and function, blood tests like BNP to support diagnosis, and additional cardiac imaging tests like angiography to evaluate underlying heart conditions. Hemodynamic monitoring provides cardiac functional parameters but has limited clinical use due to its invasiveness.
This document discusses congestive heart failure (CHF). It provides epidemiological data on CHF, showing it affects millions of people worldwide and costs billions of dollars annually. It defines CHF as the heart's inability to meet circulatory demands and classifies it based on location (left vs right heart) and time course (acute vs chronic). Causes of acute and chronic CHF include myocardial infarction, hypertension, valvular diseases, and cardiomyopathies. The pathophysiology of CHF involves systolic and diastolic dysfunction that can lead to ventricular hypertrophy, dilation, and neurohormonal activation causing further organ damage.
1. E-Biking als Herzsport
Ergebnisse des Projekts Herz.BIKE Saar
(Pilotstudie zum Einsatz des Pedelecs bei
Herzgruppenteilnehmern)
Prof. Dr. med. Günter Hennersdorf Bous/Saarland
Herzgruppen Saar e.V. ADFC Ministerium für Soziales, Gesundheit, Frauen und Familie
3. Radeln ist gesund?
Merkblatt LZG NRW 2015
Löllgen 2016
• Ja, wer regelmäßig fährt, ist gesünder
• Wer mehr fährt (15 km/h), mehr als 3 h, ist noch
gesünder
• Herz- und allgemeine Sterblichkeit sinken um 20-
40% (6 Studien)
• Gefahren:
– Luftverschmutzung (Abgase, Feinpartikel)
– Strassenverkehr (unsichere Radwege)
– Übung (ältere Fahrer, Pedelecs)
(c) GH2016 3
4. Das Projekt Herz.BIKE Saar
• Laufzeit 2 Jahre mit halbjährlichen Saisonunterbrechungen
(Beginn Mai 2015, Ende Oktober 2016)
• 15 Teilnehmer mit 66-93% Teilnahmefrequenz
• Herzgruppenteilnahme seit mindestens 6 Monaten
(Trainingsgruppen)
• Trainingsfahrten Saaruferweg:
20-40 km, 30 – 120 min Dauer, 18-24 km/h Durchschnitt
• Arztbegleitung
• Rettungssanitäter
Projektdesign
(c) GH2016 4
5. Herz.BIKE Saar
• Beim Radfahren werden beansprucht
– Ausdauer
– Flexibiltät
– Koordination
– Kraft
Radfahren als Ausdauersport
(c) GH2016 5
6. Herz.BIKE Saar
• Ist ein Ausdauertraining mit einem elektrisch
tretunterstützten Fahrrad (Pedelec) als Zusatz
zum Herzgruppen-Training bei ausgewählten
Herzpatienten geeignet?
– Wird das Training akzeptiert?
– Ist das Pedelec sicher hinsichtlich Unfallgefahr und
medizinischen Komplikationen?
– Kann man einen Trainingseffekt nachweisen?
Fragestellung
(c) GH2016 6
10. Handelsübliches Pedelec als Projekt-Fahrrad
Mittelmotor, Tiefeinstieg, 270-Wh-Akku, 250-Watt-Motor. *
*Das Projektfahrrad war mit einem Vorderradmotor ausgestattet
Herz.BIKE Saar
(c) GH2016 10
11. Pulsuhr Polar FT1 mit Pulsgurt
Aufnahme der mittleren und Maximalherzfrequenz
Herz.BIKE Saar
(c) GH2016 11
13. Befindlichkeit
Skala 1- 6
1 sehr gut – könnte weiter fahren
2 gut – keine Beschwerden
3 leichte Beschwerden (spez.)
4 mittlere Beschwerden (spez.)
5 deutliche Beschwerden (spez.)
6 kann nicht fahren, Abbruch
BORG- (RPE* -)Skala für
eine Beurteilung
der gefühlten Belastung
beim Ausdauersport
7 sehr sehr leicht
9 sehr leicht
11 recht leicht
13 etwas anstrengender
15 anstrengend
17 sehr anstrengend
19 sehr sehr anstrengend
*RPE Received Perception of Exertion;
HF*0,1
Abfrage der Belastungsintensität und Befindlichkeit(c) GH2016 13
15. Herz.BIKE Saar
Bestimmung der Trainings-
Herzfrequenz (TF; Frequenzreserve)
1. Karvonen-Formel
TF= ((MF-RF1) +RF*0,7)2
2. Alters-Näherung
TF= 220 – Alter * 0,7
3. MF3
Ergo*0,7
4. Durchschn. TF der Studie: 106/min
1 Ruhefrequenz
2=0,7 * 100 = 70 (%) der Maximalfrequenz
3 Maximalfrequenz
(c) GH2016 15
16. Herz.BIKE Saar
Beginn mit 20 km über 30 km zum Endstand von 40 km. Terrain Flussufer, steigunsgarm (20-60 m)
20 km
30 km
40 km
Trainingsdistanzen über den gesamten Trainigsverlauf
(c) GH2016 16
22. Herz.BIKE Saar
• Technik
– Leihfahrräder Anzahl 2-8
– Eigene Fahrräder
• Anfangs 7
• Ende 13
– Mittelmotor 11
– Vorderradmotor 4
– Akkus der Leihfahrräder
• Häufig defekt
• Geringe Reichweite (ca. 40 km)
– Unterstützung: Mittlere Unterstützungsstufen (ECO,
medium)
(c) GH2016 22
23. Herz.BIKE Saar
• 70% der Herzfrequenz-Reserve
• 1x pro Woche
• Dauer 45 -120 min
– Steigerung der Distanz
– Steigerung der Geschwindigkeit
• BORG 9-11 (13)
• MET1 5-7, entspricht ca. 75-100 Watt
1metabolic equivalent of task; 1 kcal/kg KG
Trainingsbedingungen
(c) GH2016 23
24. Herz.BIKE Saar
• Akzeptanz
– Teilnahmefrequenz zwischen 64 und 93 (66)%
– Bewertung der Studie (1-6): 1 = 98%
– Nachfolge-Organisation
• Selbsthilfegruppe 30%
• Herzgruppe 12%
• Verein 0%
• Lose 56%
(c) GH2016 24
25. Herz.BIKE Saar
• Sicherheit
– Unfälle mit ernsten Verletzungen 0%
– Medizinische Notfälle 0%
– Bagatellverletzungen (Stürze) 4%
Kein öffentlicher Strassenverkehr
Radfahr- und Pedelecübung hoch
(c) GH2016 25
27. Die Unfallforschung der Versicherer (UDV) untersuchte 2014 gemeinsam mit der
Technischen Universität Chemnitz
Mobilität,
Geschwindigkeit,
Verkehrssicherheit
von Elektroradfahrern im Vergleich zu konventionellen Fahrradfahrern.
“Der Vergleich von Fahrrädern und
Elektrofahrrädern zeigte, dass Elektrofahrräder per
se keinem erhöhten oder anders gelagertem
Sicherheitsrisiko als Fahrräder unterliegen.”
Ergebnis:
Herz.BIKE Saar
(c) GH2016 27
28. Vergleich der Herzfrequenzen (getastet li, Pulsuhr re.)
1=20 km Distanz; 18 km/h - erste 15 Trainingsfahrten
2=40 km; 23 km/h - letzte 15 Trainingsfahrten
Signifikanter Trainingseffekt mit Abnahme der Herzfrequenz unter längerer
und schnellerer Belastung.
p = < 0,05
Trainings-
Herzfrequenz
106/min
Herz.BIKE Saar
(c) GH2016 28
29. Herzfrequenz über die gesamte Trainingszeit
Frequenzen als aktuelle Pulswerte (Trainingsende), Werte mit Trendlinie
Trainings-
Herzfrequenz
106/min
Trendlinie
Herz.BIKE Saar
(c) GH2016 29
30. Frequenzermittlung über Pulsuhr und Brustgurt. Trendlinie
Trainings-
Herzfrequenz
106/min
Trendlinie
Mittelwerte der Herzfrequenz über die gesamte
Trainingszeit
Herz.BIKE Saar
(c) GH2016 30
31. Ermittlung über Pulsuhr und Brustgurt; Trendlinie
Trainings-
Herzfrequenz
106/min
Trendlinie
Maximalfrequenz über die gesamte Trainingszeit
Herz.BIKE Saar
(c) GH2016 31
32. Trendlinie
Herz.BIKE Saar
Beispiel des Frequenzverlaufs zweier Patienten
Pat 1 (blau) tachycarde Frequenzantwort; Verbesserung im
Trainingsverlauf
Pat 2 (rot) bradycarde Antwort; mäßige Verbesserung;(c) GH2016 32
33. Herz.BIKE Saar
Verlauf der Belastungsintensität nach BORG
Tendenz der Verbesserung der gefühlten Belastungsintensität über den
Trainingsverlauf bei 20 (li.) und 40 (re.) km Distanz (keine Signifikanz)
20 km Distanz 40 km Distanz
(c) GH2016 33
34. Vergleich der errechneten Trainingsfrequenz (TF; grün),
der ermittelten Herzfrequenzen (HFT; nach Training;
blau) und der RPE1 –Werte (BORG; rot)
Zeitraum 40-km-Periode
1RPE=received perception of exertion;
hier als Frequenzäquivalent (*10) aufgetragen.
Kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen TF, BORG und HFT!
(c) GH2016 34
36. Herz.BIKE Saar
Zusammenfassung I
1. Die Akzeptanz der Trainingseinheiten war hoch und lag zwischen 66 und 93%.
1. Gruppendynamik: Starkes Gemeinschaftsgefühl und hohe Gruppenaktivität
2. Die Sicherheit des Trainings war daher als sehr gut einzuordnen.
Es ereigneten sich in der ersten Phase 2015 zwei Bagatellunfälle (Stürze)
mit Schürfwunden;
die zweite Phase 2016 verlief störungsfrei.
Medizinische Notfälle waren nicht zu beobachten. Bei 3 Probanden
trat paroxysmales Vorhofflimmern ohne Symptome vor Belastung auf.
3. Im Vergleich zwischen den gemessenen Puswerten am Anfang der Studie
und am Ende zeigte sich ein signifikanter Trainingseffekt.
4. Es handelt sich um eine Pilotstudie mit kleinen Zahlen.
Es sollten weitere Studien folgen.
(c) GH2016 36
37. Herz.BIKE Saar
• Zusammenfassung II - Limitationen der Studie
1. Die Pedelecs waren unterschiedlich ausgestattet
1. Einstiege, Motor, Unterstützung
2. Akku-Reichweite der Leihräder zu niedrig
2. Akku-Anfälligkeit, Ausfälle
3. Unterschiedliche individuelle Belastungsbedingungen
4. Kleine Probandenzahl
5. Training 1x pro Woche bis zu 120 min
(c) GH2016 37
38. Regelmäßiges Pedelecfahren
bei wöchentlich 90-120 min
moderatem Ausdauertraining
ist sicher, wird akzeptiert und ist
mit einem
messbaren Trainingseffekt korreliert
HERZ.BIKE SAAR KERNAUSSAGE
(c) GH2016 38
39. Herz.BIKE Saar
Löllgen et al. 2006
Wirkung moderater (5-7 MET) Trainingsarbeit auf das CV Risiko
(c) GH2016 39
41. Herz.BIKE Saar
• Ausblick – wie soll es weitergehen?
1. Anschluss-Studie Herzinsuffizienz, Design
1. NYHA-Stadien II – III
2. 10 Patienten mit und ohne Radfahr-Erfahrung
3. Ergometrie 0,7 Watt / kg KG (ca. 50 Watt Maximalleistung)
4. EF 40-50%
5. Klinisch stabiler Zustand
6. Stabile Medikation
7. Distanzen 20 km
8. AVG Speed 15-18 km/h
(c) GH2016 41
42. 42
Rudolf Wolfgang Robert Elisabeth Albert
Dieter Günther Horst Horst Detlev
Günter Jürgen Ehrfried
Heike
Hans Werner
(c) GH2016http://www.herzbike-saar.ghennersdorf.net