NDIR – CO2-SENSOR NDIR (Non-Dispersive Infrared), Die Firma Sauter verwendet die CO2-Sensoren mit Zweistrahl-Technologie.
Verschiedene CO2-Sensoren Hersteller von Single source – single beam – single wavelength CO2 mit ABC Algorithmus haben das Potential der neuen dual beam CO2-Sensorentechnologie erkannt und erweitern das Portfolio mit dual beam CO2- Sensoren.
This document discusses chlorine measurement techniques for water disinfection. It explains that chlorine reacts with water to form hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hydrochloric acid. HOCl is a stronger disinfectant than hypochlorite ion (OCl-), and its effectiveness depends on pH. The document describes colorimetric and amperometric methods for measuring free chlorine. It also discusses challenges like pH dependence and how to measure total chlorine. Common applications of chlorine measurement in water treatment plants and distribution systems are outlined.
The Thornton 5000TOCi Intelligent Sensor Management (ISM®) sensor provides continuous, fast, and reliable monitoring of TOC levels of reverse osmosis membranes, effectiveness of TOC destruct UV lamps, resin bed performance, organics shedding, and quality of final rinse water. With continuous on-line measurements, the 5000TOCi sensor ensures TOC excursions will not be missed.
The microprocessor based automatic, advance, electronic and latest designed COD Analyzers are used for detection of Chemical Oxygen Demand. The Laboratory COD analyzer acts as water analyzer for detection of Chemical Oxygen Demand in both polluted and normal water. Weiber water analyzer works as high quality analysis tool for determination of inorganic pollution, waste water, sewage and Plant Effluent Treatment. For More Information Please Logon http://goo.gl/gaktwZ
This document discusses turbidity measurement and the factors that affect turbidity device design. It explains that turbidity is an indicator of water quality, measuring the cloudiness caused by suspended particles. There are three main factors in turbidity device design: light source, detection angle, and number of detectors. Common light sources are incandescent, LED, and laser, each suited to detecting certain particle sizes. Detection angles of 90 and 180 degrees are used, with the latter for high turbidity applications. Calibration involves zero-point calibration with distilled water and spanning the instrument with a formalin standard.
This document summarizes a student's lab experiment measuring turbidity in water samples. Turbidity is an indicator of water quality, measuring the cloudiness caused by suspended particles. The student tested tap water and bottled water from a lava company, finding turbidity levels of 2.4 NTU and 0.11 NTU respectively. Both results are within World Health Organization and EPA drinking water guidelines. Potential sources of error in turbidity measurement are discussed. The conclusion is that the water samples are suitable for drinking based on their turbidity levels.
The main focus within environmental analysis is the subject of water. Our instruments are used to carry out routine analysis of organic impurities in the water industry. Learn about our solutions for water analysis.
This document discusses chlorine measurement techniques for water disinfection. It explains that chlorine reacts with water to form hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hydrochloric acid. HOCl is a stronger disinfectant than hypochlorite ion (OCl-), and its effectiveness depends on pH. The document describes colorimetric and amperometric methods for measuring free chlorine. It also discusses challenges like pH dependence and how to measure total chlorine. Common applications of chlorine measurement in water treatment plants and distribution systems are outlined.
The Thornton 5000TOCi Intelligent Sensor Management (ISM®) sensor provides continuous, fast, and reliable monitoring of TOC levels of reverse osmosis membranes, effectiveness of TOC destruct UV lamps, resin bed performance, organics shedding, and quality of final rinse water. With continuous on-line measurements, the 5000TOCi sensor ensures TOC excursions will not be missed.
The microprocessor based automatic, advance, electronic and latest designed COD Analyzers are used for detection of Chemical Oxygen Demand. The Laboratory COD analyzer acts as water analyzer for detection of Chemical Oxygen Demand in both polluted and normal water. Weiber water analyzer works as high quality analysis tool for determination of inorganic pollution, waste water, sewage and Plant Effluent Treatment. For More Information Please Logon http://goo.gl/gaktwZ
This document discusses turbidity measurement and the factors that affect turbidity device design. It explains that turbidity is an indicator of water quality, measuring the cloudiness caused by suspended particles. There are three main factors in turbidity device design: light source, detection angle, and number of detectors. Common light sources are incandescent, LED, and laser, each suited to detecting certain particle sizes. Detection angles of 90 and 180 degrees are used, with the latter for high turbidity applications. Calibration involves zero-point calibration with distilled water and spanning the instrument with a formalin standard.
This document summarizes a student's lab experiment measuring turbidity in water samples. Turbidity is an indicator of water quality, measuring the cloudiness caused by suspended particles. The student tested tap water and bottled water from a lava company, finding turbidity levels of 2.4 NTU and 0.11 NTU respectively. Both results are within World Health Organization and EPA drinking water guidelines. Potential sources of error in turbidity measurement are discussed. The conclusion is that the water samples are suitable for drinking based on their turbidity levels.
The main focus within environmental analysis is the subject of water. Our instruments are used to carry out routine analysis of organic impurities in the water industry. Learn about our solutions for water analysis.
The document discusses iron and manganese in drinking water. It states that iron and manganese occur naturally in groundwater and can cause aesthetic issues like staining but do not pose health risks at typical concentrations. It discusses common treatment methods for iron and manganese like oxidation and filtration. Testing is needed to determine appropriate treatment methods based on the concentrations and forms of iron and manganese present.
Turbidity is a measure of water clarity and is caused by suspended particles in water. It is measured in NTU using a nephelometer, turbidimeter, or colorimeter, which measures light scattered as a beam passes through water. No suspended solids is 0 NTU, while drinking water should be below 5 NTU. Turbidity can provide an estimate of total suspended solids and is important to measure for water quality assessments.
The document is a study guide containing questions and problems related to electrical engineering topics like single-phase and three-phase AC circuits. Some key points covered include:
- The advantages of three-phase systems over single-phase, such as using less material for the same power output.
- Calculating values like impedance, current, power, and power factor in RLC circuits connected to AC power sources.
- Analyzing phasor diagrams for series RLC circuits.
- Determining line and phase voltages and currents in wye-delta and delta-wye connected three-phase systems.
Wastewater is produced by multiple sources, including chemical manufacturing, power generation, petroleum product extraction, and private residences. Specific industries can use knowledge of around the analytes present in wastewater to make decisions on reuse, treatment, or whether disposal is the most cost effective option. Prior to any discharge into ground or surface waters, the level of specific analytes must be determined to ensure that they do not exceed regulated limits. If these limits are being exceeded, treatment will be required. Ion Chromatography (IC) is the primary technique used for measuring the concentration of ions in wastewater and numerous methods have been developed that meet regulatory requirements. Learn about IC methods that enable accurate, consistent, and rapid measurement of both anions, such as chloride, sulfate, and bromate, and cations, such as sodium and magnesium.
O documento descreve sensores de CO2 que usam tecnologia NDIR (infravermelho não dispersivo). Os sensores NDIR medem o CO2 com alta precisão usando espectroscopia infravermelha, onde diferentes moléculas absorvem comprimentos de onda específicos. Os sensores Dwyer usam uma fonte de luz infravermelha, câmara de amostra, filtro e detector para medir a absorção de CO2 e calcular sua concentração.
Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness of water caused by suspended particles. It is important to measure turbidity to monitor water treatment processes and ensure that filters and disinfection are working properly. Turbidity can be measured using a turbidity tube or electronic turbidimeter, which uses light scattering techniques to determine turbidity in NTU units. Proper turbidity measurement requires adherence to sampling procedures and instrument maintenance to obtain accurate results.
This document discusses the quality of water from surface and underground sources. It provides details on various physical, chemical and biological parameters used to analyze water quality. These include turbidity, pH, hardness, dissolved solids, chlorides, nitrogen, phosphorus and the presence of metals, bacteria or algae. The purpose of water analysis and treatment is described as ensuring water safety and removing impurities for drinking. Common treatment methods and components of water treatment plants are also mentioned.
In deze presentatie wordt een uitwerking gegeven van de standaard additie methode (zonder en met constant volume) om goed te begrijpen wat er wordt verwacht van de studenten voor het verslag rond het experiment van de kwantitatieve bepaling van thiamine in bakkersgist.
The document discusses pH meters, how they work, and what they measure. It explains that pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity on a scale from 0 to 14. A pH meter consists of a pH electrode, reference electrode, and meter to measure the voltage difference and display the pH. The document also discusses how total dissolved solids (TDS) meters work by measuring conductivity, which is correlated to TDS concentration. Titration methods are described as using a redox reaction between a standardized titrant and unknown analyte to determine concentration.
Conductivity measurement involves measuring how well a solution conducts electricity. There are two main types of conductivity sensors:
1. Contacting sensors which use electrodes in contact with the solution and can measure low conductivities. They are susceptible to fouling.
2. Inductive (toroidal) sensors which do not contact the solution and can be used in dirty applications. They require a minimum conductivity of 15 μS/cm.
Proper calibration and temperature compensation are important for accuracy. Contacting sensors are calibrated using standard solutions while inductive sensors require in-situ calibration accounting for installation effects. Temperature compensation considers the nonlinear increase in water conductivity and solute type.
This Presentation Clarifying about potable Water analysis and their methods which i gave training on operation and maintenance team for Oman Al Ghubrah Independence Water Project (SWRO Desalination 42 MIGD)
The document discusses turbidity and turbidimeters. It defines turbidity as the cloudiness of water caused by suspended particles, which can impact water quality. Common causes of turbidity include phytoplankton, sediments from erosion, resuspended sediments, waste discharge, urban runoff and algae growth. The document outlines how turbidity is measured using turbidimeters and the principles behind the measurements. It provides an example specification for the Hach Model 850 turbidimeter. The overall document examines turbidity, its causes and risks, as well as methods for measuring and analyzing turbidity levels.
This document describes analytical methods used in a fertilizer laboratory to determine the contents of various elements in fertilizers. The laboratory uses Inductively Coupled Plasma and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry to determine elements like potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Specific procedures are outlined for determining magnesium and phosphorus content, which involve preparing standard solutions, digesting samples, and measuring absorbances of sample solutions and standards to calculate concentrations. The roles of potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus in plant growth are also briefly discussed.
Determination of alkalinity of a given mixture of hydroxide and carbonate Mithil Fal Desai
This document provides instructions for determining the alkalinity of a mixture containing OH- and CO32- ions. Two titrations are performed - one using phenolphthalein indicator to find the endpoint for OH- neutralization, and another using methyl orange to find the total alkalinity endpoint. By comparing the two endpoint volumes, the amounts of CO32- and OH- in the original mixture can be calculated. Safety precautions and further reading materials are also listed.
The Velodyne LiDAR Puck VLP-16 is Velodyne's smallest, newest, and most advanced 3D LiDAR sensor that provides real-time, 360 degree scans with up to 300,000 data points per second. It has a range of 100 meters and is ideal for UAVs and other mobile applications due to its low power consumption, light weight, and compact size. The VLP-16 sensor supports 16 laser channels and has a 360 degree horizontal field of view with a 30 degree vertical field of view to capture 3D distance and reflectivity measurements.
Flame photometry is a technique that uses the characteristic emissions of light from elements introduced into a flame to determine the concentration of certain metal ions like sodium, potassium, calcium, and lithium. It works based on the principle that elements emit light at specific wavelengths when excited in a flame. The flame photometer instrument consists of a burner to generate the flame, a nebulizer to introduce the sample, an optical system to transmit and focus the light, filters to isolate wavelengths, and a photodetector to measure light intensity and relate it to concentration. Flame photometry can be used for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of metals in samples like soils, foods, beverages, and bodily fluids.
This document discusses various methods for removing iron and manganese from water. It describes how ferrous iron and manganous manganese are soluble but oxidize to insoluble ferric iron and manganic manganese when exposed to air. Common removal methods include aeration, sedimentation, filtration, chemical oxidation using chlorine or potassium permanganate, and manganese zeolite processes. Other options mentioned are water softening, biological treatment using iron- and manganese-oxidizing bacteria, and sequestering with chemicals like silicates and phosphates.
This document discusses different types of solids found in water samples:
- Total Suspended Solids (TSS) are solids that can be filtered from water. Samples are filtered and weighed to determine TSS concentration.
- Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) pass through filters and remain dissolved in water. Samples are filtered, dried, and weighed to measure TDS.
- Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS) are organic solids that are lost upon ignition. Heating samples provides a rough estimate of organic matter.
- Total Solids (TS) is the total of all solids, including TSS, TDS, and VSS. Proced
Smart Sensor capteurs électriques pour systèmes d’attelage par autoprestige-u...autoprestige
nouvelle génération de capteurs électriques pour systèmes d’attelage : le SMART-SENSOR. Grâce au SMART-SENSOR, qui a nécessité trois ans de recherche et de développement, BOSAL DISTRIBUTION lance une solution de connectique complétement adaptée aux véhicules actuels.
http://www.autoprestige-utilitaire.fr/categories.php?path=3
The document discusses iron and manganese in drinking water. It states that iron and manganese occur naturally in groundwater and can cause aesthetic issues like staining but do not pose health risks at typical concentrations. It discusses common treatment methods for iron and manganese like oxidation and filtration. Testing is needed to determine appropriate treatment methods based on the concentrations and forms of iron and manganese present.
Turbidity is a measure of water clarity and is caused by suspended particles in water. It is measured in NTU using a nephelometer, turbidimeter, or colorimeter, which measures light scattered as a beam passes through water. No suspended solids is 0 NTU, while drinking water should be below 5 NTU. Turbidity can provide an estimate of total suspended solids and is important to measure for water quality assessments.
The document is a study guide containing questions and problems related to electrical engineering topics like single-phase and three-phase AC circuits. Some key points covered include:
- The advantages of three-phase systems over single-phase, such as using less material for the same power output.
- Calculating values like impedance, current, power, and power factor in RLC circuits connected to AC power sources.
- Analyzing phasor diagrams for series RLC circuits.
- Determining line and phase voltages and currents in wye-delta and delta-wye connected three-phase systems.
Wastewater is produced by multiple sources, including chemical manufacturing, power generation, petroleum product extraction, and private residences. Specific industries can use knowledge of around the analytes present in wastewater to make decisions on reuse, treatment, or whether disposal is the most cost effective option. Prior to any discharge into ground or surface waters, the level of specific analytes must be determined to ensure that they do not exceed regulated limits. If these limits are being exceeded, treatment will be required. Ion Chromatography (IC) is the primary technique used for measuring the concentration of ions in wastewater and numerous methods have been developed that meet regulatory requirements. Learn about IC methods that enable accurate, consistent, and rapid measurement of both anions, such as chloride, sulfate, and bromate, and cations, such as sodium and magnesium.
O documento descreve sensores de CO2 que usam tecnologia NDIR (infravermelho não dispersivo). Os sensores NDIR medem o CO2 com alta precisão usando espectroscopia infravermelha, onde diferentes moléculas absorvem comprimentos de onda específicos. Os sensores Dwyer usam uma fonte de luz infravermelha, câmara de amostra, filtro e detector para medir a absorção de CO2 e calcular sua concentração.
Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness of water caused by suspended particles. It is important to measure turbidity to monitor water treatment processes and ensure that filters and disinfection are working properly. Turbidity can be measured using a turbidity tube or electronic turbidimeter, which uses light scattering techniques to determine turbidity in NTU units. Proper turbidity measurement requires adherence to sampling procedures and instrument maintenance to obtain accurate results.
This document discusses the quality of water from surface and underground sources. It provides details on various physical, chemical and biological parameters used to analyze water quality. These include turbidity, pH, hardness, dissolved solids, chlorides, nitrogen, phosphorus and the presence of metals, bacteria or algae. The purpose of water analysis and treatment is described as ensuring water safety and removing impurities for drinking. Common treatment methods and components of water treatment plants are also mentioned.
In deze presentatie wordt een uitwerking gegeven van de standaard additie methode (zonder en met constant volume) om goed te begrijpen wat er wordt verwacht van de studenten voor het verslag rond het experiment van de kwantitatieve bepaling van thiamine in bakkersgist.
The document discusses pH meters, how they work, and what they measure. It explains that pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity on a scale from 0 to 14. A pH meter consists of a pH electrode, reference electrode, and meter to measure the voltage difference and display the pH. The document also discusses how total dissolved solids (TDS) meters work by measuring conductivity, which is correlated to TDS concentration. Titration methods are described as using a redox reaction between a standardized titrant and unknown analyte to determine concentration.
Conductivity measurement involves measuring how well a solution conducts electricity. There are two main types of conductivity sensors:
1. Contacting sensors which use electrodes in contact with the solution and can measure low conductivities. They are susceptible to fouling.
2. Inductive (toroidal) sensors which do not contact the solution and can be used in dirty applications. They require a minimum conductivity of 15 μS/cm.
Proper calibration and temperature compensation are important for accuracy. Contacting sensors are calibrated using standard solutions while inductive sensors require in-situ calibration accounting for installation effects. Temperature compensation considers the nonlinear increase in water conductivity and solute type.
This Presentation Clarifying about potable Water analysis and their methods which i gave training on operation and maintenance team for Oman Al Ghubrah Independence Water Project (SWRO Desalination 42 MIGD)
The document discusses turbidity and turbidimeters. It defines turbidity as the cloudiness of water caused by suspended particles, which can impact water quality. Common causes of turbidity include phytoplankton, sediments from erosion, resuspended sediments, waste discharge, urban runoff and algae growth. The document outlines how turbidity is measured using turbidimeters and the principles behind the measurements. It provides an example specification for the Hach Model 850 turbidimeter. The overall document examines turbidity, its causes and risks, as well as methods for measuring and analyzing turbidity levels.
This document describes analytical methods used in a fertilizer laboratory to determine the contents of various elements in fertilizers. The laboratory uses Inductively Coupled Plasma and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry to determine elements like potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Specific procedures are outlined for determining magnesium and phosphorus content, which involve preparing standard solutions, digesting samples, and measuring absorbances of sample solutions and standards to calculate concentrations. The roles of potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus in plant growth are also briefly discussed.
Determination of alkalinity of a given mixture of hydroxide and carbonate Mithil Fal Desai
This document provides instructions for determining the alkalinity of a mixture containing OH- and CO32- ions. Two titrations are performed - one using phenolphthalein indicator to find the endpoint for OH- neutralization, and another using methyl orange to find the total alkalinity endpoint. By comparing the two endpoint volumes, the amounts of CO32- and OH- in the original mixture can be calculated. Safety precautions and further reading materials are also listed.
The Velodyne LiDAR Puck VLP-16 is Velodyne's smallest, newest, and most advanced 3D LiDAR sensor that provides real-time, 360 degree scans with up to 300,000 data points per second. It has a range of 100 meters and is ideal for UAVs and other mobile applications due to its low power consumption, light weight, and compact size. The VLP-16 sensor supports 16 laser channels and has a 360 degree horizontal field of view with a 30 degree vertical field of view to capture 3D distance and reflectivity measurements.
Flame photometry is a technique that uses the characteristic emissions of light from elements introduced into a flame to determine the concentration of certain metal ions like sodium, potassium, calcium, and lithium. It works based on the principle that elements emit light at specific wavelengths when excited in a flame. The flame photometer instrument consists of a burner to generate the flame, a nebulizer to introduce the sample, an optical system to transmit and focus the light, filters to isolate wavelengths, and a photodetector to measure light intensity and relate it to concentration. Flame photometry can be used for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of metals in samples like soils, foods, beverages, and bodily fluids.
This document discusses various methods for removing iron and manganese from water. It describes how ferrous iron and manganous manganese are soluble but oxidize to insoluble ferric iron and manganic manganese when exposed to air. Common removal methods include aeration, sedimentation, filtration, chemical oxidation using chlorine or potassium permanganate, and manganese zeolite processes. Other options mentioned are water softening, biological treatment using iron- and manganese-oxidizing bacteria, and sequestering with chemicals like silicates and phosphates.
This document discusses different types of solids found in water samples:
- Total Suspended Solids (TSS) are solids that can be filtered from water. Samples are filtered and weighed to determine TSS concentration.
- Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) pass through filters and remain dissolved in water. Samples are filtered, dried, and weighed to measure TDS.
- Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS) are organic solids that are lost upon ignition. Heating samples provides a rough estimate of organic matter.
- Total Solids (TS) is the total of all solids, including TSS, TDS, and VSS. Proced
Smart Sensor capteurs électriques pour systèmes d’attelage par autoprestige-u...autoprestige
nouvelle génération de capteurs électriques pour systèmes d’attelage : le SMART-SENSOR. Grâce au SMART-SENSOR, qui a nécessité trois ans de recherche et de développement, BOSAL DISTRIBUTION lance une solution de connectique complétement adaptée aux véhicules actuels.
http://www.autoprestige-utilitaire.fr/categories.php?path=3
PLM Open Hours - Systemtechnische Integration von Aktor-Sensor-Listen: BMK im 3DIntelliact AG
Die Grundvoraussetzung für eine sinnvolle Verknüpfung eindeutig identifizierbarer Komponenten sind folgende PLM Themenstellungen:
Mechatronische Systeme mit Integration eindeutiger physischer Komponenten
Funktionale Beschreibung von Systemen mit integrierten Aktoren und Sensoren
Know How über die exakte Systemkonfiguration d.h. Version, Teilenummer und Stückliste der interagierenden Komponenten
In diesen PLM Open Hours soll ein Review über die existierenden Technologien und Lösungen vorgenommen werden.
Mit dem Raster von IMMO-SENSOR® erfassen wir für unsere Kunden die Problemstellung von Potenzialimmobilien anhand von 100 Merkmalen systematisch und stellen das Ergebnis stark vereinfacht dar. Auf dieser soliden Grundlage erarbeiten wir Potenzialanalysen, liefern Entscheidungsgrundlagen und erarbeiten Konzepte. Jan Baumgartner, Baumgartner Immobilien-Management GmbH, Wydlerweg 17, 8047 Zürich
Story Lab - Sensor Journalism [23-04-2015, Liège]Gregory Berger
Présentation de 3kd à la Master Class sur les nouvelles narrations.
Comment l'utilisation de capteurs électroniques peut influencer le story telling, l'investigation ou le fact checking.
Semantic Sensor Network Ontology: Description et usagecatherine roussey
cours à l'école d'Été Web Intelligence 2013 « Le Web des objets » 3 septembre 2013, Saint-Germain-Au-Mont-d'Or, Franc. 67 slides.
ce cours en plus de décrire l'ontology ssn présente certains usages.
Este documento describe la historia y el desarrollo de los sistemas de inyección electrónica de gasolina desde 1898 hasta 1997. Explica los primeros intentos de inyección directa de gasolina y cómo se perfeccionaron los sistemas mecánicos de inyección. También describe el desarrollo de los primeros sistemas de inyección electrónica en la década de 1960 y cómo evolucionaron hacia sistemas más sofisticados controlados digitalmente. Finalmente, proporciona algunas estadísticas sobre la producción de sistemas
P6: Kiwibot Basic Shield: Sensor de distancia por ultrasonidosJosé Pujol Pérez
Este documento explica cómo funciona un sensor de distancia ultrasónico y cómo implementarlo en Arduino. El sensor mide el tiempo que tardan las ondas de sonido en rebotar en un objeto para calcular la distancia. El documento detalla cómo usar la función "pulseIn" para medir el tiempo y cómo implementar un programa para medir distancias cada cierto intervalo usando "millis()". Finalmente, propone ideas para aplicaciones como un piano aéreo, alarma o sistema de estacionamiento.
El documento presenta resúmenes de varios sensores utilizados en automóviles, incluyendo sensores de aceite, temperatura del motor, ángulo del volante, nivel de combustible, pedal del acelerador, posición de la mariposa y presión en el colector de aire. Explica brevemente la ubicación, función y posibles fallas de cada sensor.
El documento describe los diferentes tipos de sistemas de encendido para motores de combustión interna, incluyendo el encendido convencional, el encendido electrónico transistorizado, el encendido electrónico integral y el encendido electrónico estático. Explica el funcionamiento de cada uno y los componentes clave como la bobina de encendido, el distribuidor, las bujías y los sensores electrónicos.
Este documento describe el sistema de inyección Common Rail para motores diésel. Explica que el sistema utiliza una bomba de alta presión para suministrar combustible a un acumulador común (rail) que distribuye el combustible a los inyectores electrónicos. La computadora controla la presión de inyección y el tiempo de apertura de los inyectores para lograr una combustión más eficiente. El documento también detalla los componentes, lógica de funcionamiento y ventajas de este sistema de inyección.
El documento proporciona una descripción general del sistema Common Rail, incluyendo sus componentes principales como la bomba de alta presión, el riel común, los inyectores y el sensor de presión del riel. Explica las ventajas de este sistema, como un excelente rendimiento de combustible y bajas emisiones, y compara su funcionamiento independiente del motor con los sistemas de inyección tradicionales. También resume los sensores y actuadores clave que permiten el control electrónico preciso de la inyección de combustible.
ineltec Forum 2013, Mittwoch, 11. September 2013, 12.30 – 13.30 Uhr
Fokus Gebäudeautomation
LED: Neues Licht, neue Fragen
Veranstalter: ET Licht und KNX Swiss
This document discusses motion sensing technology. It begins by defining a sensor and describing motion sensors, which detect movement. The main types of motion sensors are active sensors, which emit and detect signals, and passive sensors, which detect infrared radiation. Motion sensing has applications in security, lighting, and games. The document explores specific motion sensing technologies like infrared, ultrasonic, and microwave sensors. It also discusses the use of motion sensors in mobile devices and games like the Kinect. In conclusion, the document states that while important for gaming now, motion sensing will have more impact in non-gaming applications.
El documento describe varios motores de gasolina y diésel de Hyundai, incluyendo sus especificaciones y aplicaciones. Se proporcionan detalles técnicos sobre los sistemas de los motores Gamma, Beta, U y D. El documento también analiza los efectos de varios componentes en el rendimiento, emisiones, peso y costo de los motores.
1) Los sensores automotrices miden parámetros como la temperatura, posición de la mariposa, RPM, presión y flujo de aire para proveer información a la unidad de control del vehículo.
2) Los sensores comúnmente usan resistencias que varían con la temperatura u otros factores para generar señales eléctricas proporcionales a lo que están midiendo.
3) La unidad de control usa la información de los sensores para controlar elementos como los inyectores de combustible y asegurar una operación eficiente del motor.
Este documento proporciona una lista de códigos DTC (Diagnostic Trouble Codes) utilizados en sistemas OBD2 de diagnóstico vehicular. Incluye códigos genéricos para diferentes sistemas como el sistema de levas, sensores de oxígeno, temperatura del aire y refrigerante, y sensores de posición del acelerador. Los códigos van desde P0010 hasta P0849 e indican posibles fallas en circuitos, rangos de operación, entradas bajas/altas o actividad intermitente.
Mit Isolcell´s „N2 Firefighter“ Sauerstoff Reduzierungssystemen wird das Feuer Risiko völlig eliminiert und eine sichere Umgebung für Mensch, Gebäude und Güter geschaffen.
LineMetrics - Die führende Plug & Play Plattform für Echtzeit-Monitoring
Integrieren Sie die Plattform einfach in bestehende Gebäude. Je nach Anwendungsfall können die Gateway(s) mit LoRa-Sensoren aus dem Portfolio kombiniert werden und jederzeit neue Sensoren ganz einfach integriert werden.
Gute Raumluftqualität in mechanisch gelüfteten GebäudenHälg Group
An der Schweizer Hygienetagung habe ich ein Referat mit dem Titel "Lüftungsanlagen verbessern die Raumluft signifikant" gehalten. Mein Unternehmen, GOAG, hat mehr als 3000 Raumluftmessungen durchgeführt und diese so dokumentiert, dass damit Auswertungen und Statistiken gemacht werden können. Mein Fazit: Lüftungsanlagen verbessern die Raumluft signifikant!
GreenIT Best Practice Award 2011: Nominiert in der Kategorie III (Visionäre Gesamtkonzepte) - DURABILIT BV
Greener Network Calculator - Wie „GRÜN“ ist Ihre Lieferkette?
VICONOX: Kombinierter CO, NO, NO2 und Sichtweitenmonitor für Tunnel
- Direkte in-situ Messung von NO2, NO, (NOX), CO, Sichtweite und Temperatur
- Direkte optische Messung von Stickstoffdioxid (NO2) mittels differentieller Absorption
- Sichtweitenmessung mit anerkannter Lichtdurchlässigkeitstechnik
- Bewährte Infrarotspektroskopietechnik für NO- und CO-Messung
- Schutzart IP67 mit schnelllösbaren Staubschutzrohren
- Vorgefertigte TX- und RX-Köpfe für schnelle Installation und Wartung
- Hochwertige Konstruktion aus 316er Edelstahl für eine lange Lebensdauer
Weitere Informationen: www.tunnelsensors.com
Email: vertrieb@acoem.com
Acoem Tunnel Sensors - intelligente integrierte Lösungen für die Überwachung ...Manfred Koch
Acoem Tunnel Sensors ist ein Marktführer in der Konstruktion, Entwicklung und Herstellung von Tunnelüberwachungssystemen mit einer modernen Produktionsstätte in Großbritannien.
Bitte kontaktieren Sie die ACOEM GmbH, wenn Sie weitere Informationen über die Tunnelmonitore von ACOEM Tunnel Sensors oder Zubehör für Ihr nächstes Tunnelprojekt wünschen.
Signalübertragung - Übersicht über die verschiedenen Übertragungsarten
CO2 Sensor, Detector, NDIR,
1. Juergen Ziesche Product Management Sensors SAUTER HeadOffice Allgemeine Information CO 2 -Sensoren
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24. Richtlinie für Fühlermontage Quelle www.climasuisse.ch Fühler auf ca. 1,5 m Höhe in der Aufenthaltszone und min. 50 cm von der nächsten Wand entfernt montieren. Nicht da, wo die Sonne den Fühler anstrahlen kann! Nicht an eine Aussenwand! Nicht in Nischen und Gestellen! Nicht in unmittelbarer Nähe der Türe! Nicht in der Nähe von Lampen oder über Heizkörpern! Bei Massivwänden (Stahl, Beton usw.) ist eine wärme dämmende Unterlage zwingend Nicht hinter Vorhängen!
Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren Ich möchte Ihnen die technischen Neuigkeiten im Bereich der CO 2 Messtechnik vorstellen
Die Themen der Präsentation sind
CO 2 ist ein natürliches Gas, das in der Atmosphäre vorkommt. Ein Teil des CO 2 entsteht durch die Umwandlung von Sauerstoff bei der Atmung
In einem unbelegten Büro liegt die CO 2 Konzentration bei ca. 450 bis 500 ppm. Wenn das Büro belegt ist, steigt die CO 2 Konzentration an, die Geschwindigkeit und die Höhe des Anstieges ist stark abhängig von der Anzahl der Personen im Raum und deren Tätigkeit. Wird zB. ein Fenster geöffnet, sinkt die CO 2 Konzentration im Raum rapide. Wird das Fenster wieder geschlossen, steigt die CO 2 Konzentration wieder an.
Kurz zu erwähnen ist, dass eine hohe CO2 Konzentration zu Ermüdung und Konzentrationsschwierigkeiten führt. Deswegen gibt es in der EG Empfehlungen, in Schulen und Büros CO 2 geführte Lüftungen einzusetzen. Ein grosses Einsatzgebiet für die CO 2 Sensoren sind deshalb Schulen und Universitäten.
Typische Beispiele für CO 2 Konzentrationen sind
Wie Sie sehen können nimmt das Wohlbefinden der Menschen mit zunehmendem CO 2 Gehalt ab. Deswegen ist die CO 2 Konzentration neben Feuchtigkeit und Temperatur eine wichtige Messgrösse zur effizienten Raumlüftung.
Mit der CO 2 Ampel sollen die Menschen betreffend der CO 2 Problematik sensibilisiert werden, sie ist keine Alternative zu einer CO 2 -effizienten geregelten Lüftung. Beispiel: Oftmals wird ein Fenster geöffnet, wenn die CO2 Ampel schlechte Luft anzeigt. Leider wird in vielen Fällen vergessen, das Fenster zu schliessen wenn die Luftqualität wieder in Ordnung ist und Wärme entweicht . Es gibt auch CO 2 Ampeln die einen Relaisausgang haben z.B. um Fenster zu öffnen oder zu schliessen. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine Zweipunkt Steuerung, welche nicht so energieeffizient ist wie eine Regelung.
Der Aussenluftvolumenstrom von RLT-Anlagen wird üblicherweise für die Maximalbelegung ausgelegt. Um die Energie rationell einzusetzen, muss der Aussenluftvolumenstrom bei einer Teilbelegung reduziert werden. Eine optimale Lösung um Energie einzusparen ist eine CO 2 geführte Lüftungsanlage.
Das Beispiel zeigt das Einsparpotential einer CO 2 geführten Lüftungsanlage. Die blaue Fläche stellt das Einsparpotential gegenüber einer Zweipunkt- Steuerung dar.
Wie Sie sehen können bietet die CO 2 geführte Lüftung ein hohes Einsparpotential
!!! Nur, falls jemand nachfragt: Bei Elektrochemischen geht CO2 eigentlich nicht, ebenso bei den MOX Sensoren, dort misst man die VOCs. Grund: CO2 ist unpolar Es gibt vier gängige Verfahren mit denen man CO 2 messen kann. Metalloxid-Halbleiter-System Sensor Diese Technologie hat ein grosses Zukunftspotential , diese Technologie wird schon von verschiedenen Firmen für Bereiche angeboten, in denen keine selektive CO 2 Messung gefordert ist, z.B. von der Firma Al-KO . Vorteile: Preisgünstig Kleine Baugrösse Geringer Energieverbrauch Nachteile: DieCO 2 Messgenauigkeit ist nicht sehr gross, sie beruht heute noch auf eine Annahmen des CO 2 Wertes Der Metalloxid-Halbleiter- Sensor hat heutzutage noch eine hohe Querempfindlichkeit Die Langzeit Messstabilität (Drift) ist noch nicht so hoch wie bei NDRI CO 2 Sensor, da eine zuverlässige Kompensation bei der CO 2 Messung nicht einfach und sehr komplex ist. Bis jetzt kann noch keine zuverlässige Aussage über die Lebensdauer der Sensoren gemacht werden, da es sich um eine neue Technologie handelt. Kommentar: die Firma Sauter wird diese Technologie im Auge behalten. Wenn sie sich positiv weiter entwickelt und die noch bestehenden Kinderkrankheiten über wunden sind, sie als preisgünstige Alternative zum selektiven CO 2 Sensor anbieten.
Es gibt vier gängige NDIR Verfahren mit denen man CO 2 messen kann. Die blauen Verfahren sind im Prinzip gleich gut für eine bedarfsgerechte Lüftung. Die Firma Sauter hat sich für die neue C Technologie Single-lamp dual-wavelength entschieden.
Es gibt vier gängige NDIR Verfahren mit denen man CO 2 messen kann. Verschiedene unabhängige Studien haben festgestellt, dass nur zwei NDIR CO 2 Messverfahren für die Regelung einer bedarfsgerechten Lüftung geeignet sind. dual source – dual beam – single wavelength single source – dual beam – dual wavelength Grund: Die Drift Kompensation der CO 2 Sensoren wird bei den anderen Verfahren nicht zuverlässig durchgeführt. Deswegen besteht eine hohe Gefahr, dass die CO 2 Sensoren unkontrolliert wegdriften und falsche Messergebnissen anzeigen. Auf der nächsten Folie möchte ich Ihnen kurz zeigen, warum CO 2 Sensoren abdriften können.
Mit der CO 2 Ampel sollen die Menschen betreffend der CO 2 Problematik sensibilisiert werden, sie ist keine Alternative zu einer CO 2 -effizienten geregelten Lüftung. Beispiel: Oftmals wird ein Fenster geöffnet, wenn die CO2 Ampel schlechte Luft anzeigt. Leider wird in vielen Fällen vergessen, das Fenster zu schliessen wenn die Luftqualität wieder in Ordnung ist und Wärme entweicht . Es gibt auch CO 2 Ampeln die einen Relaisausgang haben z.B. um Fenster zu öffnen oder zu schliessen. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine Zweipunkt Steuerung, welche nicht so energieeffizient ist wie eine Regelung.
Auf Grund der europäischen Energiesparverordnung werden in Zukunft immer mehr Niedrigenergiehäuser gebaut, und die bedarfsgerechte Lüftung über den CO 2 Wert gewinnt immer mehr Bedeutung. Durch eine bedarfsgerechte Lüftung kann unter anderem die Schimmelbildung in den Gebäuden verhindert werden, somit werden die Instandhaltungskosten stark reduziert. Auch die Gesundheitsgefährdung durch Schimmel kann so verhindert werden.
Einer der Hersteller ist GE (erweitert sein Portofolio mit dual beam Lösung)
Weitere Informationen zu CO2 Sensoren und unabhängige Testberichte finden Sie im Extranet unter CO2 Sensoren EGQ 222
First I explain the structure of the old CO 2 Sensor I want to show you the difference between the old and the new CO 2 Sensor
The old CO 2 sensors were calibrated using a software and the assumption of a regular background concentration of 400 to 500 ppm „ Assumption“ means that the CO 2 concentration must decrease to at least 500 ppm for 4-8 hours at least once every two weeks Sensor uses this minimum value as an offset Otherwise the sensor will drift from its original settings, until only incorrect readings are provided In Winter especially in big cities it is difficult to reach background concentrations of below 500 ppm
The new Sensor has two detectors. A Reference detector And a detector to measure the CO 2 concentration With this System the CO 2 concentration and the Drift can be absolutely reliable measured.
Der Filter des Referenz-Detektors ist auf eine Strahlungslänge von ca. 3.8 μ m ausgelegt. Bei dieser Wellenlänge können Gase nur in Ausnahmefällen detektiert werden und wirken sich deshalb kaum auf die Referenzmessung aus. Über das Referenzsignal, welches sich mit der Zeit verändert, kann die Alterung der RI Quelle und die Verschmutzung der Messzelle bestimmt werden. S omit kann über die Veränderung des Referenz M esswert Signals eine zuverlässige Drift Kompensation durchgeführt werden. The filter of the reference detector is designed for a beam length of about 3.8 μ m. At this wavelength, gases can be detected only in exceptional cases, so they have hardly any effect on the reference measurement. Using the reference signal, which changes over time, it is possible to determine the ageing of the RI source and the level of contamination of the measuring cell. This makes it possible to carry out a reliable drift compensation based on the change in the reference value signal.
The new Sensors are available sins May The housing stays the same, the only change will be the Index (A) of the Sensors