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الحيوان العام الغدد الصماء

  • 1. Endocrinology … •„ † € • ‚ƒ„ . Presented by Moustafa .M . Houda / / ‡ ˆ ‰ Š‹ Animal Department Faculty Of Agriculture University Of Tripoli Libya
  • 2. ‘ Š ’ “ ‰ Œ • Ž• • ‡ … •„ † ” …• – — Š˜™ Š š› ‚ ’ ‡‹’ † œ•• ‚ •• € ‚ ƒ„ ƒƒƒ ƒ ƒ … †ƒ ƒƒƒ ‘ ) Œ•Žƒƒƒ • ‡ ƒ ƒƒƒŽ ƒ„ ˆ † ƒƒƒ ƒ‡ ƒƒƒ ( endoderm ƒ„ ƒ ƒƒƒ ƒƒƒ„ „ ƒ ƒ ƒƒƒ• ‚ ƒƒƒ„ ‘ • Š mesoderm . „ ’ • “” • € ƒ‰ Š ‹ ƒ ƒ„ ƒƒƒ• • ƒƒƒ „ •„‡ – ƒƒƒ‹• •Š ectoderm † ’•
  • 3. ž Ÿ š ™ ” ‰ • Exocrine glands — ƒ ˆ „ .( ‹ ) ‡ ƒ• • — … š ƒ Žˆ € ” • ˜ — • Š € ™• ˜ Ž Ž § ¤ œ••’ ¥ — Š˜ ¢ ¦ ’ ’ •£ † – ¨ • £ ¤ † ’ … •„ † • Š© ‡ ž ˜ – — Š˜ —Š‚ † ” — … š †— ˆ ‡ Œ‡ ¡ €¢ £ . ª .. • † ƒ •ƒƒ › ‰ ƒ ›ƒ ‰ — • .• ƒ œ — — ƒ ƒ ƒ™) ›ƒ ‰ ‰ ƒ ™ ƒ˜ Ž „‘ — š ˜ ™• ™ Š ‘ Ž‘ ( ƒ Š ƒ ” • „
  • 4. ž € ˜ — † ” • ˜ — — … — ˆ ™ † «• ¬ • • ‡ ¢ Š– ’ - ˜ Šš® • ¯ – ” • ‚ • … ° ± Š• «² ’ Šš® ’ ž ³ Š‹ • «¨ ´¬ µ . • •Š ¶’ · Š ± ’ € —˜ Ž ” ˜ •’ “£ • †
  • 5. „ Hypophysis ( Pituitory ) Gland • Thyroid Gland Thymus Gland „ Ž Pineal Gland Intestine € ‘ • ” • Para thyroid Gland ” • • Adrenl Gland Ÿ‰ Pancreas Gland › ‰ • •Testes • Ultimo branchial Gland Ovary • „ ‘
  • 6. •£ Sella turcica Š † ³£ ƒ“ ‰ ˆ ƒ… •ƒƒ ƒ• Š ‰ ¯Š ƒ ‰ˆ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ• • ƒ‡ Š ƒ ƒ ƒ †ƒ ˜ ƒ ƒƒ… ‹—ƒ ƒ ¡ ) ƒ ƒ‡ •¹ ´ ” paraventricular ƒƒ ƒ… ƒ‡ ƒ… ƒƒ ‘ ƒ• ƒ ˜ •£ ƒ ƒ ƒ ) ƒ„ ‘ ƒ• ƒ ƒƒ‡ £ ‚“» † º •¹ ˜. § Pituitary infundibulum ˜‹ƒ• ƒ€ ‰ ƒ ƒ — ƒ ƒ ¢ƒ € ƒƒ ƒ (£ ’ ¼ •“» ’ ˜ ª• «‚“ ‡ – ‰ «„ § Sphenoid bone ž ƒ € ectoderm ƒ — ƒ ¸¥ † ƒ ‘ —ƒ ƒ… ƒ ‘ ( ƒ ƒ ž ƒ € endoderm ƒ ¡ ’ ƒƒ˜ ƒƒ € ƒƒ • ƒƒ„ • ƒƒ „ supraoptic nuclei † • ½“’» Œ‚ ¾ ¶ Š • ‰ Š ” ’ ´€ ’
  • 7. ƒ• ƒ ƒ †ƒ • •ƒ€ ƒ˜ ƒ ‰ Š Trophic hormones † ƒ ƒ‡ ƒ ¤ ¦ƒ„ ƒ € ƒ€ ƒ • ˜ ’ ƒ• ƒ ƒ„ ƒ ƒ ƒ ˜ — ƒˆ ™† Direct acting hormones ž ˜ „ ‚„ ¸ „‚ • ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ… ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ… • neurohypophysis ½“’» Œ‚ The pars Intermedia •— ¤ ‰‡ Ÿ ¥¦„ • Ž§ ˜ † •— … — . Homeostasis „ ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ Ÿ Ÿ ‡ ‰ •£ † ± ² ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ ‘ ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ… • ƒƒƒƒ ‡ ƒƒƒƒ ‰ —ƒƒƒƒ Adenohypophysis ƒƒƒ Š ƒƒƒ ƒƒƒ ‘ ƒƒƒ ƒƒƒ Ž‰ ƒƒƒ … … … ¨ ‚„ •™
  • 8. ˆ ‡• º• » Œ‚ ½“’ Œ‚ ˜ ‡¬ ¶ ± ² ’ ƒ ‚ • Œ‚
  • 9. •£ ƒ” ƒ †•ƒ ‡ — …‡ ˜ † • ¥ € ( thyrotropin) TSH T3 Ž Ž•Ž T4 » Œ‚ ¢ ” „‰ ˜ • Ž • • ¥” †ƒ‡ ƒ • ’— ƒ… ƒ TRHrf •) •— ¤ •‡„ ” ˜ — Ÿ ‰‡ (£ †” “ • ¨ ‘ … ¤– ¦ TSH ” TSH —…‡ •— Ž¦ „‹ ¥ . . T3 Ž Ž•Ž T4 ˜ • ™ Œ•Ž – • TSH „ „‰ Š• •¥€ • •‘ † Ž ¥€• • „ • „
  • 10. ( ACTH ) †ƒƒ‡ ƒ — ƒ… † ƒ ƒŸ‰ ƒ• —ƒ…‡ •— ¤ •© ¤ Š¹² •ƒ Ž§ƒ ƒ ˜ Ÿ‰ ¥ƒ •” — …‡ † -‡£• ± Š– ƒ ƒ ˜ ƒ• ƒ‡ .• ( ACTHrf )£ „ ACTH •¥ € • ˜ — • ( ACTHrf ) › • ˜ Ÿ‰ ( ( ACTH — Ž¦ •” † ¥ • € „ — ˆ ¥ €
  • 11. ( GH) somatotropin •£ ± Š• • žƒ ƒ ¥ƒ € ƒ• ( GHif ) £ƒ • • ¥ € £ ƒ„ †ƒ‡ ƒ • — … . ¶ «• Šš® ’ ž ¹ „ †‡ • — ˆ ¥ € ‘ … — … • ( GHrf ) ˜ — ¹£ ¤ Ž• ’ •£ » Œ‚ • —Š‚ Ž• € ± Š– • ¹£ • « ² ‰ ” «• ¹£ •² ’ £ ŽŠ¥ … •¿ … £¨ “ ±’ ‰ ” ¥º• ˜ ‚ •• À » ¢ •
  • 12. ( FSH ) , (LH) ( • ‰’Š ’ ‚ ƒ š ƒ •ƒ . ¢„ – ƒ‰ ) †•ƒƒƒ ƒ ‡ ƒƒƒ ƒ ƒ ƒƒƒ ƒ Ž§ ›• ‰‡ – ‚¨ ¨ © ˆ ˜ • ¥ € : †• ƒƒƒ ‰ Š Spermatogenesis ƒƒƒ ˜ ” ) Gnrf ) ¥• ª £” ¢ „ ¥ ¥• Š– € — … ‡ ¨ˆ ‡ ˜ FSH (• † ƒƒƒ ‡ ‚ƒƒƒ¨ ƒƒƒ ƒƒƒ ƒƒƒ˜ ( Ž‘ • †• ‡ ƒ ƒ¨ ˆ ƒ ¦ƒ ’ „ “… † „ 8 6 ‡ € Œ‡ Ž‘ ƒ ‰ ƒ ˜ © ƒ « Interstitial Cells ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ• ƒ . ¨ ˆ • (• ƒ ¥ƒ € ƒ ‰ Œ ƒ ˆ .Testesteron
  • 13. €• ‚ ƒ ( „ …† ‚ ƒ ‡ˆ‰ Š • ‹Œ • .( ‡ ˆ‰) ‹Ž • • ) € •‚ €ƒ „ € ƒ €ƒ • ‚ …†
  • 14. ‹ ‹ ‘Ž ’ • •ˆ –—˜ ‰ ™ ‘Ž ’ • ¥ ‰ ¥“ ADH “ ‘ ”“ “ ‘ ”“ •€ Š • ‹ ‘Ž ’ • ž ž œ Ÿ Ž• ‰ Š • ž ŸŽ• ¡ • ¢• £‰ ’• ¤ • ‹ •ˆ ‹ ž† š › œ ¥ € † Oxcytocin
  • 15. ¥ “¦ ‰Š • ¬ ™ ‚ ‚• — - •ž ’• ¢ ©Ž ® ¯ ‹ƒ • ‹ ™ˆ ›‘ Ž° ’ “• ›• ‰ ’ •• ‹˜ ž ‹¨ ‰± §• ‚ ¤ §• ¨ •ž ¢©Ž ’‚ • – Žª ’• – Žª € • ‡ ( • • « … ) ’• ²•ˆ ‚ ƒ ¨ •ž± “¦ ‰Š • ‹•‚› ›´ˆ „• ‰ Š ¢•¨ Ÿ ‚ Ž © € † ¥ ‰ ¥“ ADH •´Ž• §€˜ ˆ – • ‹ ¥ ¥† ‚ ‚•± •‰µ¶ ž† · ª¸ ® ¯ ²•ˆ ¡ • ‹ œŽ – • ³ • ’•
  • 16. ‹ ‹ ‘Ž ‘Ž ’ • ¢¥ † ”“ ‹ ‘Ž ’ • –—˜ ¹ º ‘ €ž §˜ •Œ œ ž »› … ‰ • ·‚ • ‚ ƒ • ¤ ¼ º• — ¨ ‹ž‚ •• ‰ µ•¥† ½ ‰ ”“ ¹ “ ž± ¢©Ž• œ Entermedian ° ž €ž± ˆ ’‚ ° ’• Š›´ Ÿ §½› – ™ œ º• — ‹½ ž Ž · ª¸ ›… µ¶ §€˜ ƒˆ ›… ) ˜ ‰ ’• ¤ • ‹ž • ›‘ ( ž› • • •¥
  • 17. The thyroid Gland ‹ °‚ ‹ œ • ž Ž ‹° † §€• Ž ‹ ½ œ ‹ •• ž¤ ‡ˆ ‰ ’ ˜Ž ‰ ‹ °‚ ’ • € T4 ‹ °‚ ’ • ’ • § ´Ž œ˜ ²• § ´Ž • •ˆ • • ’ • Ÿ• ž ¾¿ª›ª ž ª • T3 ‹Ž • ‹ °‚ ’ • Š •Ž ‹ • ‹ ž ‹• ‡† • ’• ²•ˆ ²œ€ • ›‘ ² ° ²° ‚ ‰ Š ‘¥ ›‘ „ € TSH ‘Ž “• ’ • §´Ž
  • 18. §€˜ ’• ¤ • – •• • • •Œ ˆ • À ’ •Œ ³ • ‹ •˜ ’ • º … Ÿ• ¬ ž €• ³ • 4 ÁÁ 2 ‹ °‚ ²•ˆ À ¯ ‹ °‚• ‚ ˜ ’ • Para thyroid G ˆ PTH § ´Ž Š ‚ “¥ ’ • “ ª‚ ‚ • Š € Š € ³ • ’• ’• „• • – ˆ † Š Š € ² • ²•ˆ ž† ² ° Š € ‚ “¥ “ À ¯ ’• ‹ Š € ’• „• • ‚ “€“ ‡“… Š ¹ ˆ œ ž œ - “‘ž± ‹˜ ž Š € § ´Ž Š ’• ²•ˆ • 1,25(OH) 2D3 œ § Š Š €
  • 19. ž ‹ °‚ € ’ • ‰ ’• ¤ • C ›… œ ‹“ ¦ Š ´ˆ » © ‚ ²•ˆ …• „• • Š € ²• ‰ Š ´ˆ Š € Š Š €  ’• ²•ˆ ›‘ ² ° Š € ’• ¤ • ‹ ‚ œ¦ „• • ‹ ž± „ € ‡“… Š Š € ± €• ² ˆ ¬“‚ ’ • Š Š € ‹•´Ž• ž Š Š € œ ˆ ¶ ³• ‹ • ¢ƒ ›•‘ ² ° Š € – ˆ † ‰ ’• ¤ • œ ‹ ¢ ƒ ²•ˆ „¹ • 1,25(OH) 2D3 “
  • 20. The Adrenal ( ‹ Ä )‹ ´ ˆ• •Œ ¼ œŽ Å • ‰ Æ ‹ ’ • G ’‚ Ä ˜ €ž ¬ ‘Ž Medulla ©• ’‚ Cortx %90 •² © ’ • Ç €ž •² © % 10 ’ • Ç €ž ‹•ƒŽ• ‹•ƒŽ• ‹ — ‹ © ž œ ‰ Š • ®¯ Ž• ·¹ œ‰ ‹Œ ‘ ‹•ƒŽ• ‹ • ‹•ƒŽ ²
  • 21. ‹ ´ ‹ € ž œ – —‚ ) œ• - — ‚ ‚ ·¹ ( ¥ ‚ ‚ • ˆ ž œ ‡ ‹ • Ž ‚ ‰ ž œ ·¹ Š ¥Ÿ ‰Š • ·¹ » ˆ • ž œ ‰ ž Å œ › ’• ™• • œ¤± ‹ — ‹•ƒŽ• “ ’ • ’ ©° ž
  • 22. ‹ ´ ’ • ¬ ‘ž ¯ ©ž • •— • • œ¤± • ‹ ´ • ™• » ‘ “Ž‰ ‚ Ž §€˜ ‹ ²• Ž ‚•± ¨ •ž ’ ˆ• ²•ˆ – ˆ † –‘‚ ›™ ‹ •• ‹½ œ ˆ ›™ Æ Ž ‚• ‚ Ž ‰© ž œ •€ Å • † ª¸ ² Ž • §€˜ ‹° ƒ ‚ • ‹ §€˜ € ’ • ¬ ‘ž Æ ª¸ • • † ”• ²•ˆ ª Ž Š ¢•¨ ‹ Ž• ’ ˆ• ž Ž ‚•± “Ž‰± Š ² ©‰ ²ª • ª¸ ‹ €ž Ÿ ‚ ›•ˆ µ¶ Š € ¤ ¤ µ “ ›… ¤ Ž ‚• ‚ Ž — • ‹ ˆ ›™
  • 23. €•‚ƒ„… † ‡ ˆ ƒ‰ €Š ‹ Œ‰ Ž ˆ • • ‚‘ † ”„‚ •…– —”‘ ˆ •Ž • –Ž˜ ‹• ˆ € ‹ ’“ ˆ •… ™ Ž ˆ ’ ƒ ”‘ ˆ • šŽ› œ ˆ ’ •• ž…‰ •Ž • –Ž˜‹•– ‚ ˆ • œ ¡ ‚– •Ž • –Ž˜‹•– • ”‘ Š ‚ Š ‚ Ÿ ™” ‰ ‚ ‚– Š
  • 24. €Š …¢ † ’ ®– ¡ ‡ ¯‚ ¥ ( œ šŽ ) € Š 13- 11 … ° ‚ ‰ ‹ … —”±…² ®“‰ˆ ³”ƒ «š – …‰ •ˆ ™ Ž ± œ ˆ £ ž¡ Œ ˆœ ƒ — ¤ ‚ ƒ… ¥• ˆ ˆ ¥¦ … € § ’ € Œ • ¦‹ ¨ ¥• , Ž– ƒ… ‹ Œ €© ‘ªˆ « žŒ ƒ ¬‚„ ´‚ œ ˆ ’ € …• ž‘ † € … ž © …‰ ˆ ‡ ˆ • ‹ † ´‰‚ › ™ š —”‘ ®š– «š – ° ‚ œ ˆ • ‡ • Š …¢
  • 25. € µ… € €•Š µ…‚ ‡ ™Ž ˆ • Ž š œ ˆ • € · ¸ € ˆ Œ ‡ Œ ¢ ¶Š ‡ • žŒƒ Ž ”… œ ˆ • ˆ €‡Œ ™ ± • œ ˆ • ž…‰ † ˆ ƒŽ ‹ €§ €©” … Ž ˆ ’ œ •• ƒ ‚ ž…‰
  • 26. €š– † ‡ € Œ„ ¹ … º ƒ € ² ™ ‚ €š– ™Ž ˆ ’ º ¢Ž› € ¢Ž› ™ Ž ˆ ’ ƒŠ› œ ƒš š¡”
  • 27. …¡ € ´ ˆ • ƒŠ› žˆ ± ™ Ž ± €… … ˆ • € “ © ˆ €‚ ‚© € … ¬§ » ‚ ¼² ½ º ¾ ¢Ž› € ‚Š ƒ ¥ › € š – ™ •Œ ‚ ½ º ™ … •Ž ‚ ª € Ž¢ ´¡ ‚ € ªš… œ …Ž ƒš œ ˆ • ž…± œ ˆ ’ ˆ¿ € “ © …š ®ƒ •¨› ®š– €… … žˆ ± ™ Ž ±
  • 28. Š• ‰ ‹ˆ ˆ • ´ ‚± † ‚ ª ‰ ´ ‚±‚ •… ’– œ œ ˆ ’ › ½ƒ † ‡ ¿•• ‚ ƒŠ› ® ‚ ¤ „… ‹ – ‚ ª € Œ„… € ‡Ž ¿• ’– • … ºŠ … À “ ˆ½ ‚ ª ˆ ž…± ƒ – •… † ‡ ¤ Ž ˆ • ™ – • € •‡ ˆ½ƒ Á  ® ž…±‚ ®’ˆ ˆª ƒ ™ ‚…‰ ‚ € ±… ® †˜ ® €… … ˆ † • ž…± € ’Ž ™² Ž † ´š †˜ ž ’š ® ¸ ¼ƒ † … • ŠŠ ™ Œ‚ ˆ ž‚ œ ˆ • š¡”
  • 29. ™ Ž ˆ ’ ®• € ¡• dihydrotestosterone © º “ ’ ƒ € ² € … ™ Ž ±‚ ƒ €‚ € ¡• ™ Ž ˆ ’ ’ ‚ ¸‚• ƒ ™ ‹ Ž› androstenedione ˆ €‚ ‚© € …¡ ) € Œ„ † (à ”‘ €‚ ‚© ™ …¡ € Œ„ • …¡ € ¢Ž› ™ Ž ˆ ’ ˆ € ‚Š ƒ ¥ › …Ž Œ‰ ’– º¤ Ž ˆ … € œ ƒšƒšƒ Testosterone ”„ RBC œ • ‚ •Š ˆ ŠŠ • €‚ IJ € … • …¡ ÅŽ ¹ … €•Š «Š Š› ¿ ½ ’“ € š – ™ •Œ ž …’ ¦•¡ … €¾¾¾ Œ„ † ‚ ½ º º•§ » ®• ‚ ª € … ™Ž ± ‰ ¤ž š‚ ´ Š “‰