Smart Solar Power Conversion System - Final Defense Presentation

1. •Hassaam Ali Khan
(2009-NUST-BE-EL-35)
•Zeeshan Akram
(2009-NUST-BE-EL-113)
•M. Muzaffar Khan
(2009-NUST-BE-EL-63)
•Saad Ahmad
(2009-NUST-BE-EL-90)
Advisor
Dr. Tauseef Tauqeer
Co-Advisor
Dr. Syed M. Raza Kazmi
Project Members

2. • Energy obtained through the Sun in one
of the following forms:
1. Radiant Light
2. Heat
• Our project uses the radiant light of
the Sun to produce electric power.

3. Sustainability
• Security of Supply
Green and Clean
• Reducing Emissions
• Reducing Climate Change

4. • Talking in terms of Pakistan’s
perspective, it is not just a moral
obligation for us to develop alternative
forms of energy but also a dire need.

5. • Solar energy source is widely distributed
and abundantly available in Pakistan
• Annual mean sunshine duration of 8 - 8.5
hours a day.
• On average 5.5-6 KWh/m2/day
• 1,800-2,200kWh/m2/year radiation
• It is estimated that this amount of energy
is enough to electrify 40,000 villages

7. • Our aim to design and implement ‘Solar
Energy CONVERSION System’
• The system’s starting point is the PV
Panel to harness the radiant light of the
sun and its end point is dc load.

8. • Single Axis Sun Tracker
• MPPT Controller (+ Buck Converter)
• Battery Charger
Additional parts that have been bought as is:
• Solar Panel
• Batteries
• DC Loads

9. I,VSensors
MPPT
Controller

11. • Single Axis Tracker follows daily course of sun
from East to West (azimuth)
• Time based Tracking
– Low cost
– Robust (considering the fact that LDR based
tracking is susceptible to partial shading)
• Panel will move 3 or 5 times a day
– The main advantage is that there will be less power
consumption than continuous movement which
consumes more power in a given interval of time

12. • We are using 80W panel
• Dedicated Arduino is will control the operation
of sun tracker.
• 12vdc motor of Power Windows of a car
moves that panel which is very low power
device.

13. • DS 1307 – Real-Time Clock IC will keep track of
time.
– Panel will move based on certain instants of this
time
• L293D – Dual H-Bridge IC controls the
direction of motion.

15. • The Voltage Sensor senses the voltage
generated by the Solar Panel.
• The knowledge of this voltage is required by
the MPPT controller to make decisions about
which way to move on the IV Curve.

16. • Current Sensor is designed which can sense
voltages up to 25 Volts.
• Resistive Divider is used to translate 0 – 25
Volts to 0 – 5 Volts.
• Zener Diode is used for Over-Voltage
Protection

20. • The Current Sensor senses the current being
produced by the Solar Panel
• Like voltage, the knowledge of this current is
required by the MPPT controller to make
decisions about which way to move on the
PV Curve.

21. • 2 Pin 5V power supply, on-board power
indicator
• The module can measure the positive and
negative 5 amps, corresponding to the
Analog output 66mV/A
• Low-noise analog signal path

25. • It is a dc-dc converter.
• Its input power is from main solar panel.
• PWM Signal which determines the output
voltage level is fed to the buck converter from
MPPT Controller.
• So, Buck Converter based on signal from MPPT
Controller tracks the maximum Power Point.

26. • Increasing PWM will increase the output
voltage and vice versa.
• Gate Driver IC used is IR 2101

31. • MPPT is the process of matching Load
Resistance with the Thevenin Source
Resistance
• MPPT adjusts the Load Resistance to maximize
the Output Power
• These are sometimes called "Power Point
Trackers" for short

32. The main objective of a MPPT charge controller is to
track and operate at the knee of the IV curve as shown.

33. The main objective of a MPPT charge controller is to
track and operate at the knee of the IV curve as shown.

34. • Photovoltaic cells have a complex relationship
between their operating environment and the
maximum power they can produce.
• Fill Factor (FF) – A parameter which
characterizes the non-linear electrical
behavior of the solar cell.
• Ratio of the maximum power from the solar
cell to the product of Open Circuit Voltage
Voc and Short-Circuit Current Isc.
scoc
mpp
IV
P
FF



35. • Power delivered by the PV Panel is
calculated for a certain duty cycle.
• Then, small increment or decrement is
done in duty cycle of PWM
• Power is again calculated
• If new power is greater than previous
power, keep moving in the same
direction on the I-V Curve
• Otherwise, move in the other direction.

37. • Arduino Uno is used
as MPPT Controller.
• Decision on
direction of
movement on IV
Curve is being done
based on I, V sensor
values.
• Duty Cycle to Buck
Converter is varied
accordingly

40. • Overcharging batteries will at the
least significantly reduce battery life and at
worst damage the batteries to the point that
they are unusable.
• It monitors the battery voltage and opens the
circuit, stopping the charging, when the battery
voltage rises to a certain level.
• Battery Charger allows the batteries to be
more fully charged with less stress on the
battery, extending battery life.
• It can also keep batteries in a fully charged
state (called “float”) indefinitely.

41. • Battery Charger is Implemented using
‘Lead Acid Battery Charger IC – UC3906’
• It monitors both Output Voltage as well
as Current
• It has 3 States of operation
– High current bulk charge state
– Controlled over-charge
– Precision Float Charge or Standby State

47. • We are using 3 x 12V,4AH (motor cycle)
batteries

49. • DC applications like
– dc fan
– Mobile charger