1. The document discusses a fault detection and diagnosis system for induction machines. It includes a microcontroller, sensors, ADC, and LCD display. 2. The system works by setting threshold values for parameters like temperature and current. It then continuously monitors these parameters and compares them to the thresholds. 3. If a parameter exceeds its threshold, the system isolates the specific fault, displays it on the LCD, and triggers an alarm. The user can acknowledge the fault to stop the alarm.

1. RESEARCH PAPERS
FAULT DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS OF INDUCTION MACHINE
WITH ON-LINE PARAMETER PROGRAMMING FACILITY
INTRODUCTION
Typical industrial processes are of large and complex in
nature, involving a huge number of components. The
complexity makes systems more vulnerable to faults. A fault
changes the behavior of an industrial process such that the
system is no longer satisfy its purpose [6]. It may arise due to
component aging and wear, or human errors in
connection with installation, operation, and maintenance.
It may also arise due to the environmental conditions
change that causes, for instance, a temperature increase,
which eventually stops a reaction or even destroys the
reactor in a chemical process. In any case, a fault is the
By
primary cause of changes in the system structure or
parameters that leads to a degraded system performance
or even the loss of the system function. In large systems,
every component is designed to provide a certain
functions and the overall system works satisfactorily only if all
components provide the services they are designed for.
Therefore, a fault in a single component usually changes
the performance of the overall system [7], [8]. Fault
Detection and Isolation consists basic building blocks that
support such systems through the development of fault
diagnostic methods, intelligent systems based
approaches and sensor based machine monitoring
ABSTRACT
All instrumentation systems are pertaining to industrial process controls as well as domestic application involves
automatic fault finding facility. This facility detects the faulty condition of the system and draws operator's attention
towards it enables him to take suitable remedial actions to ensure proper operations of the system. The main purpose of
all FDI method is to monitor the system operations and in case of faults accommodate the source of faults, so that Timely
the corrective actions are taken. Fault Detection simply involves a decision, based on the monitoring data as to whether
there is a fault or the system is running normally. Fault Isolation is then executed to identify the type and location of a fault
after the fault detection has triggered an alarm so that corrective actions can be made. These two steps are known as
Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI). Fault diagnosis is referred to as the combination of fault detection, identification and
isolation. One such method of Annunciation in which activation of visual or mechanical variable takes place when a
removed switch or device has been activated as a result of fault in certain systems, an audio alarm may also be
associated with annunciations. This FDI system is defined and the existing technique to detect & isolate the fault with on-
line parameter programming facility. The main advantage of the proposed approach of Control System based fault
detection and isolation is its low cost. Low cost in terms of components used makes affordable in terms of easy handling
and maintenance and various sensors can be used to give different types of input signals to circuit. An additional
advantage is that the real time system still works when the host crashes, the matter that increases the reliability of the
system & Data-logging facility can also be provided. A data-logger captures any measurement values which can be
represented by a voltage. Nowadays, sensors and transducers are available for, practically, any physical quantity. The
function of data-logger is to capture and store a specified number of sensor measurement values at predefined
intervals and transfer the data, including date and time to a PC in the form of file.
Keywords: FDI (Fault Detection and Isolation), Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Light Emitting
Diode (LED), Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), Analog to Digital Convertor, Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
(EPROM), Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, Printed Circuit Board.
SHEIKH RAFIK MANIHAR AHMED
Associate Design Engineer, Control System, Fluor Daniel India Private Limited, Gurgaon, New Delhi, India.
1li-manager’s Journal on Instrumentation & Control Engineering Vol. No. 1 14l, 2 November 2013 - January 20

2. level of safety, performance and availability in controlled
processes it is important that the system errors, component
faults and abnormal system operations are detected
promptly, and that the source and severity of each
malfunction is diagnosed so that the corrective actions
can be taken. The human operator can correct some
system “errors”, e.g., by closing down the part of the
process which has malfunctioned or by re-scheduling the
feedback control or the set point parameters. The
complexity and fast response required in the system made
the manual supervision, to detect a fault, isolate its cause
and accommodate the system to a new condition, is hard.
Therefore, it is necessary to move, the more basic
supervision to be automated and become more
autonomous. As a consequence, attention has changed
towards increased dependability, a synonym for high
degree of availability, reliability, and safety under changing
operating conditions [9]. A more dependable system is the
system that has the ability to tolerate faults and prevents
them to develop into failures at a subsystem or plant level.
Furthermore, it should be guaranteed that all essential
faults are detected and all critical faults are
accommodated. Hence, modern technological systems
rely on sophisticated control functions to meet increased
performance requirements.
2. Hardware Architecture
The system comprises as shown in Figure 1 of the following
are:-
·Micro-controller to provide facility of controlling and
on-line parameter programming.
·LCD display to specifically display the information
about the fault.
·Sensors like temperature sensors and current coil to
sense changes in these parameters.
·ADC for converting the sensed analog voltage into its
digital equivalent.
·Two switches for setting the values of temperature and
current.
·Two switches for starting the circuit and acknowledging
any alarm.
·Driver IC ULN 2803 to drive the relays.
system architecture, embedded and distributed [1], [2].
The protection system relays and auxiliary relays also
provided signals to alarm and annunciation system. A set
of annunciation windows is provided on control panels for
each fault clearing relay with accept, test and reset facility
through push buttons. Alarm and trip annunciation indicate
the fault and advise operating personnel of the changed
operating conditions [3], [5]. For the improvement of
reliability, safety and efficiency, advanced methods of
supervision, fault detection and fault diagnosis become
increasingly important for many technical processes. This
holds especially for safety related processes like aircraft,
trains, automobiles, power plants and chemical plants. The
classical approaches are limited or trend, checking of
some measurable output variables [4]. Because they do
not give a deeper insight and usually do not allow a fault
diagnosis, model- based methods of fault detection were
developed by using input and output signals and applying
dynamic process models. These methods are based, e.g.,
on parameter estimation, parity equations or state
observers. Also signal model approaches were developed
[11]. The goal is to generate several symptoms indicating
the difference between nominal and faulty status. Based
on different symptoms fault diagnosis, procedures follow,
determining, the fault by applying classification or
inference methods [10].
1. Back Ground of the Project
The project was undertaken with consideration of the
prevailing methodologies and service with particular
emphasis on time spent in clearing a utility bill, versus value
for money, and other major motivating factors being.
·The explosive growth in FDI technology.
·Case studies and observations.
·The need to avoid the system errors, component faults
and abnormal system.
·Modern technological systems rely on sophisticated
control functions to meet increased performance
requirements.
Globally, there has been substantial attention to a fault can
be very costly in terms of production loss, equipment
damage and human safety. In order to maintain a high
2
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li-manager’s Journal on Instrumentation & Control Engineering Vol. No. 1 14l, 2 November 2013 - January 20

3. through pin 14 at the same time micro controller sends a
low signal to ADC through pin 10 so as to select channel '0'
(zero) to this channel of ADC a temperature sensor is
connected this after sensing this temperature it is
converted into digital form and this digitized value of
temperature is fed to the micro-controller through port 1.
Micro-controller reads this value and stores it into a register.
After completing this operation micro controller re-sends
the high signal through pin 10 to ADC so as to select
channel 1, to this channel a Current Transformer (CT) is
connected to ADC through I/V and precision rectifier for
providing change in current in the DC voltage form.
Thus, these digitized values of voltage are stored into
another register of micro controllers.
Now micro controller compares these values of
temperature and current stored in register with the value set
initially by the user.
If these values are equal to or less than the set value then
the micro controller will not take any action.
But if the value is greater than the set value, then the micro
controller will send a high signal at port 2.0 or 2.1 (pin 21, 22)
as per the fault detected (if temp exceeds then at 2.0 and if
over current then at 2.1).
At the same time micro controller will send respective
information on LCD display provided and will raise a signal
at port 2.2 (pin 23) so as to ring up the hooter.
To acknowledge the fault attendant has pressed the ACK
key connected at port 3.1(pin 11) this action of a user will be
sensed by micro controller will stop hooter.
After clearing the fault user has to press start button to start
system once again. This process will go on in a continuous
fashion Tc9400 can be used as voltage to frequency
converter. The converted frequency will fed to the
microcontroller as clock frequency for the operation of the
microcontroller.
3.1 Over Current Relay
Over-current relays are widely used for the protection of
distribution lines, large industrial motors and equipment.
The micro controller is being very fast that can sense a
number of circuits, using multiplexer and send a tripping
signal to the circuit breaker of the facility circuit. As the
2.1 Monitoring
Measurable variables are checked with regard to
tolerances, and alarms are generated for the operator.
2.2 Automation Protection
In the case of a dangerous process state, the monitoring
function automatically initiates an appropriate
counteraction.
2.3 Supervision with Fault Diagnosis
Based on measured variables, features are calculated,
symptoms are generated via change detection, a fault
diagnosis is performed and decisions for counteractions
are made.
3. Working
Initially user has to set the values of temperature and
current through the switches sw1 and sw2 according to the
requirement. These switches are connected as external
interrupt INT0 and INT1 of micro controller (pin 12 and 13).
After pressing the START switch connected to port 3.5 (pin
15) of micro-controller, system starts working. If no bit found
on pin 15, micro controller sends SOC signal to ADC
LCD Display
Digital
Sensor
Input
Micro
Controller
Relay
Driver
Unit
Analog
Sensor
Input
ADC
Analog
Digital
Converter
In0
IN7
D0
D7
AT89C2051
Alarm
Unit
Channel
Sector
Keypad for
Parameter
Setting &
Fault
Acknowledge
Figure1. Block Diagram of Fault Detection and Diagnosis
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4. These switches are connected as external interrupt to INT0
(pin 13) and INT1 (pin12) of micro controller. The analog
signal generated by Temperature Sensor LM35 shall be fed
to IN0 (pin 26) of ADC0809 to convert it to a digital signal.
The AC signal from CURRENT COIL is fed to PRECISION
RECTIFIERS (Full Wave) to convert the AC signal to
corresponding precise DC signal without distortion, which in
turn is fed to IN1 (pin 27) of ADC0809 to convert this DC
Analog signal to Digital signal. The converted digital signals
shall be fed to micro- controller ports 1.0 (pin 1) to 1.7 (pin 8)
connected to ports D0 to D7 of ADC0809. Temperature
and Current Sensors are connected to Port 1.0 (Pin 1) and
Port 1.1 (Pin 2) respectively. The micro-controller sends SOC
(Start of Conversion) signal to ADC0809 through Port 3.4 (Pin
14). TC9400 can be used as voltage to frequency
converter. The converted frequency will be fed to ADC0809
as clock frequency for its operation. Micro-controller shall
send a low signal to ADC0809 through Pin 10 to select
micro controller receives signals in the voltage from a
current to voltage converter is used to give a voltage
output proportional to the load current. The A.C. voltage
which is proportional to the load current is converted into
D.C. the micro controller receives D.C. voltage proportional
to the load current. The following are the types of over-
current Relays.
1) Instantaneous or Definite Time Over-Current Relay.
2) Inverse Time Over-Current Relay
In Definite time over-current relay the micro controller
compares the current with the pick-up value. If the current
exceeds the pick value, the micro controller sends a
tripping signal to the circuit breaker to isolate the faulty part
from the rest of the system to obtain inverse time
characteristic the operating time for different values of
current are noted for a particular characteristic. These
values are stored in the memory in a tabular form. The
micro controller first determines the magnitude of the fault
current. Then it selects the corresponding time for the
operation. A delay subroutine is started and the trip signal is
sent after the desired delay.
Using the same program as shown in Table 1 any
characteristic such as IDMT, very inverse or extremely
inverse can be obtained. The micro controller always
measures the current and moves in a loop. If measured
current exceeds pick up current it compares the measured
value of the current with the digital values of current sub-
routine and predetermined delay it sends a trip signal to the
circuit breaker. There may be false trapping of an over-
current relay due to transients. To solve this problem can be
slightly modified. If the fault exceeds the pick-up value, the
micro controller measures the fault current after a small
delay once again to confirm whether it is a fault current or
transient. If there is any transient of short duration, it will not
appear in the second measurement. If there is a fault, it will
be detected in the second by the system.
4. Circuit
The circuit shall start functioning by pressing the START
switch. This switch is connected to Port 3.1 (pin 11) of Micro-
controller as shown in Figure 2. The values of parameters
(Temperature and Current) to be monitored shall be set
through TEMPERATURE and CURRENT switches respectively.
Labels Mnemonic Operands CommentsProgram
Memory
Address
Machine
Address
FC10
FC12
Fc14
FC16
FC18
FC1A
FC1C
FC1E
FC20
FC22
FC23
Fc26
FC28
FC29
FC2B
FC2E
FC31
FC32
FC33
FC34
FC37
FC38
FC3B
FC3E
FC3F
FC40
FC42
FC44
FC45
FC48
FC49
FC4C
FC4D
FC50
FC52
FC54
3E,8
D3,03
3E,00
D3,02
3E,08
D3,02
3E,O8
D3,02
DB,02
17
D2,20, FC
DB,00
2F
D6,80
32,50,FD
21,00,FD
46
23
BE
D2,3E,FC
05
C2,32,FC
CA,14,FC
24
46
0E,FF
16,FF
15
C2,44,FC
0D
C2,40,FC
05
C2,40,FC
3E,01
D3,01
76
READ
SEARCH
FORWARD
BACK
CHUNK
GO
LOOP
MVI
OUT
MVI
OUT
MVI
OUT
MVI
OUT
IN
RAL
JNC
IN
CMA
SUI
STA
LXI
MOV
INX
CMP
JNC
DCR
JNZ
JZ
INR
MOV
MVI
MVI
DCR
JNZ
DCRC
JNZ
DCR B
JNZ
MVI
OUT
HLT
A,8
03
A,00
02
A,08
02
A,00
02
02
READ
00
80
FD50
H,FD00
B.M
H
M
FORWARD
B
SEARCH
LOOP
H
B,M
C,FF
D,FF
D
GO
CHUNK
BACK
A,01
01
Initialize ports
Signal to
multiplexer
to switch on S1
Start of
conversion pulse
Check whether
conversion is
over
Read Idc.
Store Idc to
check program.
Count for look
up table
In register B
Count for delay
in B
Trip signal
Table 1. Micro-Controller Program
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5. using two separate power supplies to obtain +Vcc and
–VEE.
To avoid excessive current drain from power supply, R
should be equal to or greater than 10kΩ. Capacitors are
decoupling capacitors in value from 0.01 to 10 µF. Zener
diodes provide symmetrical supply voltages.
These currents will vary with input and output conditions.
When there is no input signal and output load, the supply
current is determined by the state of the internal devices.
The transistor and resistor make up the internal circuits. The
application of a signal at the input will change the internal
conditions, causing the power supply current to change. A
load on the output will also result in additional current
flowing from the power supply through the device. Any heat
generated in the device by its current must be dissipated at
a rate which keeps the chip temperature below a specified
value.
6. Results
The Project Hardware was tested initially after assembly as
channel '0' to feed the digital signal of temperature to
micro- controller through port 1.0 (pin 1). The micro-
controller shall read this value of Temperature and shall
store it in a register. Micro-controller shall send a high signal
to ADC0809 through Pin 10 to select channel '1' to feed the
digital signal of current to micro-controller through port 1.1
(pin 2). The micro-controller shall read this value of Current
and shall store it in a separate register. The Micro-controller
shall update the values of Temperature and Current every 0
µsec and shall compare these values stored as shown in
Figure 2 in registers with the values of Temperature and
Current set by the user. On getting any or both values of
Temperature and Current greater than set values, the
micro- controller shall send a high signal to LCD Display and
ULN2803 switchboard. The LCD Display shall display the
faulty states and ULN Switchboard shall provide potential
free Contact for control circuit either to isolate the faulty
part of a process or stop the process completely. For
temperature, micro controller shall send a high signal to
ULN2803 switchboard through port 0.0 (pin 39) and to LCD
Display through port 2.0 (pin 21). And for Current, port 0.1
(pin 38) and port 2.1 (pin 22) shall be used for ULN2803
switchboard and LCD Display respectively. The fault
detected can be acknowledged by pressing the
ACKNOWLEDGE switch which is connected to the port 3.1
(pin 11) of the micro controller.
5. Power Supply
Op-Amps (and almost LICs) use differential stage which
requires both a positive and a negative power supply for
proper operation of the circuits. Thus the power supply for LICs
in general, should be positive as well as negative. Op-Amps
required only a positive supply while some require unequal
power supplies. When a single Op-Amp is used, it is necessary
to connect an extra circuit to the IC. Some dual-supply op-
amp ICs can also be operated from a single supply voltage
providedthataspecialexternalcircuitisusedwithit.
Digital ICs generally require only one positive supply
voltage. An exception is an Emitter-Coupled Llogic (ECL)
gate chip.
Usually linear ICs require a ±15Vdc power supply. Each
supply (±15V) must be referenced to a common point or
ground. We can also use a single power supply instead of
Figure 2. Flow Chart of Circuit Diagram
RESEARCH PAPERS
5
Start
Enter TEMPERATURE &
CURRENT Parameter
Read Input Data
No
If Input
Data Value
exceed ?
Yes
Display the Parameter
on LCD
Alarm
ON
Particular
Operation
OFF
No
Check if
Fault is
Acknowledged ?
Yes
Alarm Unit
Off
Clear
Fault
li-manager’s Journal on Instrumentation & Control Engineering Vol. No. 1 14l, 2 November 2013 - January 20

6. Amperes. The individual testing of hardware of temperature
sensor and current coil was satisfactory.
Again, the hardware was tested with both temperature
sensor and current coil. During this testing, the motor
tripped as current reached 20 Amperes.
Conclusion
Most manufacturing processes involve several process
variables which interact with one another to produce a
resultant action on the part. A fault is said to occur when any
of these process variables deviate beyond their specified
limits. An alarm is triggered when this happens. Low cost
and less sophisticated detection schemes based on
threshold bounds on the original measurements (without
feature extraction) often suffer from high false alarm and
missed detection rates when the process measurements
are not properly conditioned. They are unable to detect
frequency or phase shifted fault signals whose amplitudes
remain within specifications. They also provide little or no
information about the multiplicity (number of faults in the
same process cycle) or location (the portion of the cycle
where the fault was detected) of the fault condition.
In this project, FDI system is defined and the existing
technique to detect & isolate the fault with on-line
parameter programming facility. The main advantage of
the proposed approach of micro controller based fault
detection and isolation is its low cost. Low cost in terms of
components used makes affordable in terms of easy
handling and maintenance and various sensors can be
used to give different types of input signals to circuit.
An additional advantage is that the real time system still
works when the host crashes, the matter that increases the
reliability of the system.
However, the project hardware was tested for an induction
motor dedicated for in de-dusting application. The
induction motor ratings are 15kW, 4-pole, 50Hz, 415V AC,
28 Amps. F.L. Normally, the motor current of 21 Amps. For
this application. This project hardware was tested
successfully for maximum Load Current of 20 Amps, and
Motor Winding Temperature of 55°C.
Advantages
·Versatility: - Micro controller based fault detection and
mentioned here under.
6.1 Temperature Testing
For this, the auther chose a steel utensil containing ice
cubes kept on a LPG Stove for heating. The temperature
sensor was fixed on the inner surface at the top of steel
utensil. The LPG stove was set on the SIM so that the
temperature of water shall rise slowly. The heating was
started and the temperature was set at an interval of 10°C
starting from 10°C. Simultaneously, separate thermometer
was used to ensure the correctness of the temperature
sensed by LM35. The hardware responded for the
temperatures up to 70°C. After 70°C up to 100°C, the
hardware was not responding close to set temperature.
6.2 Current Testing
The halogen lamp was connected to 230VAC power
supply through a Variac of 12 Amperes. The phase
conductor of power supply was passed through the Current
Coil. The current was set at an interval of 1 Ampere starting
from 1 Ampere. Here also, a Tong Tester was used for
measuring the current passing through the conductor. The
hardware responded for the currents up to 10 Amperes.
This project Hardware was also presented for testing with a
Seal Air Motor of De-dusting Unit of Blast Furnace of Plant.
The electric rating of Induction Motor is shown in Table 2.
Normally, the motor draws current of 21 Amperes for this
application. The Current was set to 20 Amps, and Current
Coil was placed across the Y- phase of the power supply
cable of the motor.
During the run, the motor winding temperature varies
between 53°C to 61°C. The Temperature was set to 55°C
and the LM35 was fixed over the motor body surface for
measuring the Motor Winding Temperature.
Initially, the project hardware was tested for Temperature
sensor only and the motor tripped as the temperature of
the motor winding reaches 55°C. Then, during testing for
Current Coil, the motor tripped as the current reached 19
Rated Power
No. of Poles
Rated Voltage
Rated Supply Frequency
Rated Full Load Current
: 15 kW
: 4-pole
: 415VAC
: 50 Hz
: 28 Amperes
Table 2. Electric rating of Induction Motor
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7. below a certain required level the sensor circuit will
sense it and operate an alarm indicating the oil level
accompanied by the relay and isolating the
transformer from output line.
·Impedance Measurement: Every current value has a
relative impedance value. By measuring the current,
we can measure the impedance. If the impedance of
a line drops too much and a large current flow when
the relay can also isolate the line.
·Protection of Motors: Under normal condition, motors
draw a particular value of current. Whenever the motor
draws a large current, the sensor circuit will sense the
fault. The relay will operate and isolate the motor, thus
protecting winding from burning up.
·Distributed Monitoring System: This system was
developed using 8-bit micro controllers for signal
acquisition, processing and communication on the
Controller Area Network bus.
References
[1]. Moseler O. et al, (200). “Application of Model-based
Fault Detection to a Brushless DC Motor” through IEEE
Transactions on Industrial Electronics.
[2]. Xiang-Qun Liu et al, (200). “Fault Detection and
Diagnosis of Permanent-Magnet DC Motor based on
Parameter Estimation and Neural Network” through IEEE
Transactions on Industrial Electronics.
[3]. T.W.S. Chow et al, (2000). “HOS-based Non-parametric
and Parametric Methodologies for Machine Fault
Detection” through IEEE Transactions on Industrial
Electronics.
[4]. David A. Rennels et al “A Fault-Tolerant Embedded
Micro- controller Test bed” in University of California
[5]. G. Heredia et al “Actuator Fault Detection in
th
Autonomous Helicopters” in 5 IFAC Symposium on
intelligent Autonomous Vehicle, Lisbon, Portugal.
[6]. M.L. Sin et al “A Survey on Induction Machine On-Line
Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis” in University of
Adelaide.
[7]. Michal Young et al “Rethinking the Taxonomy of Fault
Detection Techniques” in University of California.
isolation employs various types of sensors. This facility
provides the different choices to users. Different type of
sensors can be used to give input to available unit. This
facility is available because of the signal comparing is
done outside the micro controller. Thus any type of
signal can be given as input to the circuit, such as
temperature, pressure, humidity, etc. Proper output
with respect to input can be provided to LEDS. RELAYS
are used to isolate the system according to input
signal.
·Wide Applications: - Various sensors can be used to
give different types of input signals to circuit. This makes
possible for the circuit to be used for many
applications. Using temperature sensor, the
temperature changes can be detected and
necessary action can be taken on detection of
temperature outside set limits.
·Low Cost: - A major advantage of this project is its low
cost. Low cost in terms of components used makes
affordable in terms of easy handling and
maintenance. This type of circuits is used for different
types of input circuits which results in reduction of cost.
·Cordless Sensing System can be incorporated in
remote areas.
Others System Application
·Temperature Control: The temperature of the
transformer can be measured and kept under control.
In sensor circuit, a prefixed value of temperature will be
set. Whenever the temperature of transformer
becomes more than the prefixed value, the sensor
circuit will sense the temperature rise and it will operate
the available cooling device like fans.
·Measurement of Oil Level In Transformer: Transformer
Oil is present as a coolant in an Oil-cooled Transformer.
When the transformer gets heated the oil quenches
the heat and thereby reducing the threat of the core
and windings of transformer getting damaged. As a
result of which the oil level in the transformer drops. Due
to lack of oil, transformer can get burned also, due to
which electricity problem arises in a particular area. To
be on the safe side, an oil level indicator can be
placed in the oil tank, whenever the oil level drops
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7li-manager’s Journal on Instrumentation & Control Engineering Vol. No. 1 14l, 2 November 2013 - January 20

8. [10]. Sirish L. Shah et al, (2005). “Fault detection and
isolation in the presence of process uncertainties” through
Control Engineering Practice.
[11]. Dev Anand M. et al, (2008). “Fault Detection and
Isolation in Robotic Manipulator via Hybrid Neural Networks”
in National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli .
[8]. Guo Qing et al, (2007). “Design and Implementation
of Testing Network for Power Line Fault Detection Based on
nRF905” through IEEE International Conference on
Electronic Measurements and Instruments.
[9]. Rodrigo A. Carrasco et al, (2007). “Layered Architecture
for Fault Detection and Isolation in Cooperative Mobile
Robots”throughEuropeanControlConference.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Sheikh Rafik Manihar Ahmed received his Bachelor of Engineering Scholar from Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekananda Technical
University, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh. At Present he is Associate Design Engineer I, Control System in Fluor Daniel India Private Limited. He
has published many Books & Research paper in International & National Journal in the field of Electronics, Robotics &
Automation. He also got many Awards related to Research Projects like NIT, Kozhikode National Award for Best B.Tech Project
given by ISTE (Indian Society for Technical Education), Best Innovative Idea Award given by IIT Roorkee, Best Innovative Project
Certificate of Merit Awarded by O.P Jindal College.
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