http://www.a4nh.cgiar.org/

1. Leveraging dedicated supply
chains: A discussion
A4NH Workshop June 6-7, 2013:
Enhancing Nutrition in Value Chains
Berber Kramer, Tinbergen Institute

2. A value chain approach to raise farmer
income and vegetable availability
PRODUCTION
PROCESSING /
MARKETS
DRYING
VEGETABLES
CONSUMPTION
Background: BoP consumers lack consumption of
vegetables; high prices and scarcity in dry season.
Question: How to leverage the supply chain to make
vegetables available year-round?

3. 1: Production
Theory: High prices are due to low production
Hypothesis: Access to quality seeds improves yield
Suboptimal adoption?
• Access to the technology?
• Financial constraints?
• Knowledge?
• These channels are being addressed in the proposed intervention.
• Other channels not, like self-control problems, social networks,
household decision-making, political economy in e.g. cooperatives
• Think about ways to control for, to understand adoption rates

4. 2: From harvest to consumption
Higher farmer income & better access to affordable vegetables
– Improved access to local and regional markets
– Less waste of produce
From increased yield to impact
• Effect of increased yield on vegetable supply
(quantity/prices)
• Effect on supply other products
• Impact for farmer income
What is really the bottleneck in this market?

5. 3: Drying of vegetables
• Applying solar vegetable drying for 2000 farmers:
Under what conditions can this be scaled up?
• Potential collaboration with the Food and Bio-
based Research Department of WUR
• More fundamental: Why are farmers not drying
their vegetables at the moment?
– What in the solar technology is `the missing link’?
– Or is access to the technology not the problem? (e.g.
taste and acceptibility)

6. 4: Demand creation activities
• GAIN: Awareness raising & behavior change campaigns
• Reach approximately 1,500,000 household members
• Question 1: Why do people not eat vegetables?
– High prices / low supply
– Awareness
– Social norms
– Because it is not the default?
• Question 2: The impact of a vegetable-rich diet?
– Child health
– Adult health: NCD risk factors
– Disentangle from income effects (reduced prices)

7. Back to the value chain
PRODUCTION
ACCESS TO
MARKETS
DRYING
VEGETABLES
CONSUMPTION
Supply: Low because there is no demand?
Demand: Low because there is no supply?
How do the interventions to different actors in the value chain
interact? From perfect substitutes to perfect complements
External validity:
- What is the role of women, the social network, cooperatives?
- To what extent are consumers also producers?

8. Why are prices high and is supply so seasonal?
• Is this really a lack of quality seeds?
• Critical: Consumer demand for vegetables
Fundamental questions: