Cloud Computing, being one of the most recent innovative developments of the IT world, has been
instrumental not just to the success of SMEs but, through their productivity and innovative contribution to
the economy, has even made a remarkable contribution to the economic growth of the United States. To
this end, the study focuses on how cloud computing technology has impacted economic growth through
SMEs in the United States. Relevant literature connected to the variables of interest in this study was
reviewed, and secondary data was generated and utilized in the analysis section of this paper. The findings
of this paper revealed that there have been meaningful contributions that the usage of virtualization has
made in the commercial dealings of small firms in the United States, and this has also been reflected in the
economic growth of the country. This paper further revealed that as important as cloud-based software is,
some SMEs are still skeptical about how it can help improve their business and increase their bottom line
and hence have failed to adopt it. Apart from the SMEs, some notable large firms in different industries,
including information and educational services, have adopted cloud computing technology and hence
contributed to the economic growth of the United States. Lastly, findings from our inferential statistics
revealed that no discernible change has occurred in innovation between small and big businesses in the
adoption of cloud computing. Both categories of businesses adopt cloud computing in the same way, and
their contribution to the American economy has no significant difference in the usage of virtualization.
This document provides an overview of cloud computing and its implications for public policy. It defines cloud computing as a "dynamic utility" that delivers computing services via the internet on an as-needed basis. The paper presents a framework for understanding the different types of cloud providers and services, including infrastructure, platform, and applications. It analyzes the business strategies of major cloud providers like Amazon, Google, Microsoft, and Salesforce. Finally, it discusses how cloud computing ecosystems are developing globally and the policy issues countries face as these systems evolve.
The document discusses big data and its potential value for businesses. It provides perspectives from several experts on how businesses can utilize machine-generated data and benefit from hybrid cloud solutions to gain insights and make improvements. Additionally, it addresses the need to develop data analysis skills in the workforce and recommendations for how companies can develop an information strategy to harness data's potential for competitive advantage.
This document summarizes a study on barriers to government cloud adoption in Ghana. The study interviewed IT personnel from 12 public agencies to identify challenges they may face in adopting cloud computing. Major inhibiting factors identified include lack of basic infrastructure, data security concerns, unreliable internet connectivity, and a general lack of institutional readiness. The study uses the technology, organization and environment framework to classify adoption factors into technological, organizational, and environmental contexts.
Maybe you can already recite the sales pitch for cloud computing in your sleep—how it’s faster, more flexible, and economical than amassing your own servers on site. But, as Joe Weinman argues in “Rethinking the Benefits of Cloud,” that’s just scratching the surface. In this exclusive white paper, Weinman, author of Cloudonomics: The Business Value of Cloud Computing, explores some of the overlooked—and more nuanced—business benefits of moving workloads to the cloud, such as faster innovation, global expansion, and customer satisfaction.
Fostering Innovation, Integration and Inclusion through Interdisciplinary Pra...ijtsrd
"Cloud Computing means the data and or software is hosted on remote servers i.e. located in place other than on local servers and data is accessed, modified, retrieved using internet visualised as a Cloud . Financial Management greatly relies on information for its investment, financing and dividend decisions. It is no wonder that usage of technology for better and quicker decisions in financial systems have resulted into innovative blend called as “Fintechâ€. On the similar lines we see that “Cloud Accounting†is another portmanteau integrating the concepts of traditional accounting systems with internet usage for combined benefits. This paper is aimed at enhancing the comprehension of cloud computing and its role application in financial management and accounting. The paper also aims to generate an understanding of the issues, challenges and potentials while managing such integrations. The facts and information mentioned, which are utilised to analyse and derive conclusions are available in form of featured articles and news articles in various websites. Thus analytical research methodology based on analysis of secondary data is applied in development of this paper. The finding of the paper focuses on the role played by cloud computing in financial management and accounting. It also highlights the future of this fusion considering the issues and challenges that need to be addressed. Time and Finances are limiting factors in conducting the study. The study is majorly based on the secondary data. Ms. Sonal Gawade ""Fostering Innovation, Integration & Inclusion through Interdisciplinary Practices in Management"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Fostering Innovation, Integration and Inclusion Through Interdisciplinary Practices in Management , March 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23072.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/23072/fostering-innovation-integration-and-inclusion-through-interdisciplinary-practices-in-management/ms-sonal-gawade"
The purpose of this first edition of the Market Trends Report is to shed light on the way digital technologies reshape trade finance, a sector which often does not get as much publicity as B2C financial services.
Given that disruption often comes from adjacent sectors or from the application of an existing technology to a new field, we found it essential to begin with a broad analysis of the latest trends before zooming in progressively on financial services and on trade finance specifically.
The report is structured around four chapters, starting from the general core techno trends, and converging towards the changes impacting the trade finance ecosystem:
1- Core techno trends, business model and social changes
2- Disrupted industries, changes in the way we live and work
3- FinTech disrupt (and partner with) banking and insurance
4- Conclusion: Trade Finance is also ripe for disruptive innovations
We really hope that you will like this Market Trends Report and that you will find it useful. When you read it, please keep in mind that it is still being refined. We welcome your feedbacks, insights and suggestions.
This seminar presentation discusses using VMware virtualization technology to deploy private cloud computing infrastructure as a service for businesses. The objectives are to examine how cloud computing provides massively scaled IT capabilities, address major business burdens, and ensure data and services can be accessed from any device globally. The presentation analyzes how cloud computing impacts businesses by lowering IT costs. It also describes the cloud infrastructure and concludes that cloud services allow effective, cheap IT tools for small and medium enterprises to boost productivity without large in-house expenses.
This document provides an overview of cloud computing and its implications for public policy. It defines cloud computing as a "dynamic utility" that delivers computing services via the internet on an as-needed basis. The paper presents a framework for understanding the different types of cloud providers and services, including infrastructure, platform, and applications. It analyzes the business strategies of major cloud providers like Amazon, Google, Microsoft, and Salesforce. Finally, it discusses how cloud computing ecosystems are developing globally and the policy issues countries face as these systems evolve.
The document discusses big data and its potential value for businesses. It provides perspectives from several experts on how businesses can utilize machine-generated data and benefit from hybrid cloud solutions to gain insights and make improvements. Additionally, it addresses the need to develop data analysis skills in the workforce and recommendations for how companies can develop an information strategy to harness data's potential for competitive advantage.
This document summarizes a study on barriers to government cloud adoption in Ghana. The study interviewed IT personnel from 12 public agencies to identify challenges they may face in adopting cloud computing. Major inhibiting factors identified include lack of basic infrastructure, data security concerns, unreliable internet connectivity, and a general lack of institutional readiness. The study uses the technology, organization and environment framework to classify adoption factors into technological, organizational, and environmental contexts.
Maybe you can already recite the sales pitch for cloud computing in your sleep—how it’s faster, more flexible, and economical than amassing your own servers on site. But, as Joe Weinman argues in “Rethinking the Benefits of Cloud,” that’s just scratching the surface. In this exclusive white paper, Weinman, author of Cloudonomics: The Business Value of Cloud Computing, explores some of the overlooked—and more nuanced—business benefits of moving workloads to the cloud, such as faster innovation, global expansion, and customer satisfaction.
Fostering Innovation, Integration and Inclusion through Interdisciplinary Pra...ijtsrd
"Cloud Computing means the data and or software is hosted on remote servers i.e. located in place other than on local servers and data is accessed, modified, retrieved using internet visualised as a Cloud . Financial Management greatly relies on information for its investment, financing and dividend decisions. It is no wonder that usage of technology for better and quicker decisions in financial systems have resulted into innovative blend called as “Fintechâ€. On the similar lines we see that “Cloud Accounting†is another portmanteau integrating the concepts of traditional accounting systems with internet usage for combined benefits. This paper is aimed at enhancing the comprehension of cloud computing and its role application in financial management and accounting. The paper also aims to generate an understanding of the issues, challenges and potentials while managing such integrations. The facts and information mentioned, which are utilised to analyse and derive conclusions are available in form of featured articles and news articles in various websites. Thus analytical research methodology based on analysis of secondary data is applied in development of this paper. The finding of the paper focuses on the role played by cloud computing in financial management and accounting. It also highlights the future of this fusion considering the issues and challenges that need to be addressed. Time and Finances are limiting factors in conducting the study. The study is majorly based on the secondary data. Ms. Sonal Gawade ""Fostering Innovation, Integration & Inclusion through Interdisciplinary Practices in Management"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Fostering Innovation, Integration and Inclusion Through Interdisciplinary Practices in Management , March 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23072.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/23072/fostering-innovation-integration-and-inclusion-through-interdisciplinary-practices-in-management/ms-sonal-gawade"
The purpose of this first edition of the Market Trends Report is to shed light on the way digital technologies reshape trade finance, a sector which often does not get as much publicity as B2C financial services.
Given that disruption often comes from adjacent sectors or from the application of an existing technology to a new field, we found it essential to begin with a broad analysis of the latest trends before zooming in progressively on financial services and on trade finance specifically.
The report is structured around four chapters, starting from the general core techno trends, and converging towards the changes impacting the trade finance ecosystem:
1- Core techno trends, business model and social changes
2- Disrupted industries, changes in the way we live and work
3- FinTech disrupt (and partner with) banking and insurance
4- Conclusion: Trade Finance is also ripe for disruptive innovations
We really hope that you will like this Market Trends Report and that you will find it useful. When you read it, please keep in mind that it is still being refined. We welcome your feedbacks, insights and suggestions.
This seminar presentation discusses using VMware virtualization technology to deploy private cloud computing infrastructure as a service for businesses. The objectives are to examine how cloud computing provides massively scaled IT capabilities, address major business burdens, and ensure data and services can be accessed from any device globally. The presentation analyzes how cloud computing impacts businesses by lowering IT costs. It also describes the cloud infrastructure and concludes that cloud services allow effective, cheap IT tools for small and medium enterprises to boost productivity without large in-house expenses.
Information technology by Hiresh Ahluwalia333jack333
IT refers to the use of electronic computers and computer software to store, process, transmit and retrieve information. Some key applications of IT include:
1. Banking - IT has enabled online/mobile banking and improved efficiency of banking operations.
2. Railways - IT is used for tracking, scheduling, monitoring railway traffic as well as design, construction and maintenance.
3. Business - Computers are widely used for record keeping, inventory management, forecasting, billing, payments and financial reporting in businesses.
4. Marketing - Businesses use databases, customer relationship management tools, and data analytics for targeted marketing, improving customer relationships and sales.
Cloud Pricing is Broken - by Dr James Mitchell, curated by The Economist Inte...James Mitchell
Commodity trading of cloud services would benefit both buyers and sellers, but the industry’s current pricing models are standing in the way, writes Dr James Mitchell, CEO of Strategic Blue, a financial cloud broker.
Influence of Cloud Computing Adaption on Organization Performance: A Case Stu...AI Publications
This study focuses on the influence of cloud computing adaption on organization performance with particular reference to selected Commercial Banks in Ilala Municipality. Specifically, the study aimed to assess how cloud computing increases efficiency of bank operations, to examine the effectiveness of cloud computing on enhancing customer satisfaction and to identify the challenges and opportunities encountering Commercial Banks in adopting and using cloud computing services. A sample of 70 respondents was drawn from the study population using simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Research questionnaire was applied in data collection and the collected data were analyzed using quantitative research techniques. Frequencies and percentages were computed to establish descriptive information of the collected data. Multiple regression statistical analysis with the help of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was employed to analyse the collected data. Results revealed that cloud computing is easy to use in banking operations, it shows that cloud computing in banks is accurate in data processing whereby to improve efficiency cloud technology can bring together multiple data and operational systems and increase efficiency in bank operations. Basing on the findings the study recommends that cloud computing service providers solve the issues that hamper the adoption of cloud computing. The government should create policies on cloud computing to be taught from schools so that people become aware of cloud computing. Seminars and events should be organized so that different kinds of individuals can be educated and informed about different ideas concerning cloud computing adaptation. The study recommends for further studies that cloud computing is a rapidly emerging technology in many companies. It would be interesting to concentrate on other industries that may have a greater demand for information management and so need the usage of cloud computing.
Australian Enterprises for the Digital EconomyVishal Sharma
This document summarizes research conducted by the National Institute of Economic and Industry Research (NIEIR) on how digital technologies will impact seven key industry sectors in Australia by 2025. The research models two potential futures for enterprises in each sector: a "leader" that fully embraces digital transformation, and a "follower" that does not significantly change. It finds that large performance gaps will open up between leaders and followers, with leaders enjoying significant advantages in areas like revenue, market share, and productivity. By 2025, these gaps could be worth hundreds of billions of dollars in combined market capitalization across some sectors. The research underscores the importance of Australian enterprises urgently transforming their business models for the digital age.
Changes in the business environment brought by technologyShakthi Fernando
This document is about changes which have occurred within business environment due to technology. Layout of this report is based on the Table 1-1 of the Laudon’s book "Management Information Systems: Managing the digital firm".
Economist Intelligence Unit: Preparing for Next-Generation CloudHitachi Vantara
Preparing for next-generation cloud: Lessons learned and insights shared is an Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) research programme, sponsored by Hitachi Data Systems. In this report, the EIU looks at companies’ experiences with cloud adoption and assesses whether the technology has lived up to expectations. Where the cloud has fallen short of expectations, we set out to understand why. In cases of seamless implementation, we gather best practices from firms using the cloud successfully.
Over the last decade, cloud computing has transformed the market for IT services. But the journey to cloud adoption has not been without its share of twists and turns. This report looks at lessons that can be derived from companies' experiences implementing cloud computing technology.
Serving the long tail white-paper (how to rationalize IT yet produce more apps)Newton Day Uploads
Businesses benefit from having fewer technology tools in their 'enterprise stack'. Yet CIOs still need to encourage innovation and employ software tools as an enabler for growth and cost reduction. This white paper focuses on the role of Situational Applications platforms to reduce the number of technology platforms whilst increasing opportunities to serve the long-tail of applications demands from individuals and communities of users whose needs are unfulfilled by core enterprise platforms.
This document provides an introduction and literature review for a paper on the importance of information technology to financial reporting in Nigeria. The introduction discusses how information technology is changing the business world rapidly and its critical role in accounting. The literature review defines key terms like information technology, management information systems, and how information technology has evolved and impacted financial reporting. It also outlines the contents of the full paper.
Cloud computing has clearly become a driving force in the information technology world. Over 90% of global enterprises report using cloud as part of their business. With over $33 billion in projected 2015 spend, cloud is now the largest category in IT infrastructure budgets.
But every industry has its unique technology dynamics. Therefore, to understand the future of cloud computing you need to understand its dynamics in key industries.
In this report, we will first present some brief observations on the role of cloud across these verticals. The focus will be on the pace of cloud adoption and its subsequent impact on key sectors within each industry.
In addition, our research showed that manufacturing plays a special role in global development—and so the report will take a deeper dive into that unique sector. In doing so, the report will highlight digital trends that have a broader impact as cloud moves from the digital to the “cyber-physical”.
The document discusses the findings of a survey of nearly 1,600 IT decision makers across Europe and the US regarding their use of cloud computing. Some key findings include:
1) There is no definitive answer on which types of applications are best suited for which infrastructure platforms, as many variables are at play.
2) While cloud adoption is growing, many IT decision makers still have concerns about whether cloud is living up to its potential.
3) Security-sensitive applications have been slow to migrate to the cloud due to concerns over security, compliance, and governance.
4) Managing cloud vendors and achieving bimodal IT is challenging for many organizations. Smoother migration paths and greater assistance are still needed.
The document provides an overview of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems and their implementation. Some key points:
1) ERP systems aim to integrate core business functions like finance, manufacturing, supply chain management into a single system. This provides benefits like centralized data and streamlined processes but also challenges integrating different modules.
2) Major ERP vendors include SAP, Oracle, and Microsoft. Implementation can be expensive and time-consuming due to customization needs but provides standardized processes.
3) Benefits of ERP include reduced costs, automated processes, and remote access. Risks include difficulty customizing systems, loss of competitive advantages from process changes, and security risks from a single centralized database.
The document discusses enabling growth and innovation in Latin America through connectivity. It highlights key enablers like data, connected things, participating users, available capabilities, ubiquitous digitalization, and economic platforms. It then summarizes Ericsson projects and products like IoT network software that provides reduced device costs, extended battery life, and improved indoor coverage. The document also discusses Ericsson Cloud and the benefits it provides for digital industrialization. ConsumerLab insights on connected home services and commuting are briefly mentioned.
Rebooting IT Infrastructure for the Digital AgeCapgemini
The Digital Transformation Institute has launched its latest research report titled “Faster, Better, Smarter: Rebooting IT Infrastructure for the Digital Age.” The report highlights why organizations need robust and seamless IT infrastructure that keeps pace with evolving market and technology demands. IT infrastructure has always been known as a “keeping the lights on” function but now it has evolved into a core catalyst of Digital Transformation. However, as a function, IT infrastructure is yet to undergo a core transformation. The report discusses why a reboot is critical.
By applying wireless sensor technology to humanitarian issues, social enterprises can help address global development challenges and replicate solutions across many issues. However, inadequate human and technical capacity as well as barriers to consumer adoption limit the use of wireless sensor networks in social enterprises. Ultimately, a lack of investment is the biggest barrier to using big data and wireless sensor technologies to help social enterprises and developing nations.
Big data and wireless sensor technologies can help social enterprises address global development challenges by providing real-time information. However, barriers like inadequate technical capacity and high sensor costs limit their adoption. Creating easy-to-use systems and lowering costs is needed to realize big data's potential to empower social enterprises and improve lives in the developing world.
With physical interaction no longer being an acceptable form of communication in light of social distancing efforts, enterprises and institutions around the world have made a sudden shift to digital solutions in a bid to retain productivity. Companies are now starting to realize the benefits of cloud computing, even beyond the immediate need for remote work generated by COVID-19 this year. As a result, it's likely that many businesses will begin scaling up their digital transformation efforts and invest heavily in IT and cloud resources in the coming years.
This documentation explains how cloud technology is the corporate world’s biggest partner in times of crises like COVID-19.
Cloud computing technology for egovernment architectureijfcstjournal
The evolution of
cloud computing
has had a significant
effect on our lives and it has brought many benefits.
Cloud computing is a style of computing which is formed from the aggregation and development of
technologies such as grid computing distributed computing, parallel computing and service
-
oriented
archit
ecture
and it
s exciting for governments and private companies, and it has eager them to take
advantage of this technology. Because in this model no needed to additional costs for equipment and
resources to respond to the request of customers, however in t
erms of demand and workload, company
lease and take possession of the required resources, such as servers and virtual sources. In this pa
per, we
studied how to use cloud computing in e
-
government and tried to identify the benefits of the cloud to use in
th
e e
-
government and offer proposals to overcome its shortcomings, encourage and partnership of
governments and people to use this economical
, green
and new technology.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) operating in the Adum Central Business District of Kumasi, Ghana. The study found that while awareness of ICTs was high, only 23% of SMEs used computers and 49% used mobile phones to support their businesses. Additionally, 54% of the SMEs did not have internet access. The study recommended that Ghanaian government agencies and other stakeholders help educate business owners on the benefits of using ICTs to gain a competitive advantage. It also suggested improving access to hardware, software, and ICT infrastructure to help SMEs better exploit technology.
In this presentation, Manoj introduces the concept of SMAC and discusses technological as well as platform trends. Manoj's interest area lies in cloud computing because of advantages in cost reduction and scalability.
Home security is of paramount importance in today's world, where we rely more on technology, home
security is crucial. Using technology to make homes safer and easier to control from anywhere is
important. Home security is important for the occupant’s safety. In this paper, we came up with a low cost,
AI based model home security system. The system has a user-friendly interface, allowing users to start
model training and face detection with simple keyboard commands. Our goal is to introduce an innovative
home security system using facial recognition technology. Unlike traditional systems, this system trains
and saves images of friends and family members. The system scans this folder to recognize familiar faces
and provides real-time monitoring. If an unfamiliar face is detected, it promptly sends an email alert,
ensuring a proactive response to potential security threats.
In the era of data-driven warfare, the integration of big data and machine learning (ML) techniques has
become paramount for enhancing defence capabilities. This research report delves into the applications of
big data and ML in the defence sector, exploring their potential to revolutionize intelligence gathering,
strategic decision-making, and operational efficiency. By leveraging vast amounts of data and advanced
algorithms, these technologies offer unprecedented opportunities for threat detection, predictive analysis,
and optimized resource allocation. However, their adoption also raises critical concerns regarding data
privacy, ethical implications, and the potential for misuse. This report aims to provide a comprehensive
understanding of the current state of big data and ML in defence, while examining the challenges and
ethical considerations that must be addressed to ensure responsible and effective implementation.
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Information technology by Hiresh Ahluwalia333jack333
IT refers to the use of electronic computers and computer software to store, process, transmit and retrieve information. Some key applications of IT include:
1. Banking - IT has enabled online/mobile banking and improved efficiency of banking operations.
2. Railways - IT is used for tracking, scheduling, monitoring railway traffic as well as design, construction and maintenance.
3. Business - Computers are widely used for record keeping, inventory management, forecasting, billing, payments and financial reporting in businesses.
4. Marketing - Businesses use databases, customer relationship management tools, and data analytics for targeted marketing, improving customer relationships and sales.
Cloud Pricing is Broken - by Dr James Mitchell, curated by The Economist Inte...James Mitchell
Commodity trading of cloud services would benefit both buyers and sellers, but the industry’s current pricing models are standing in the way, writes Dr James Mitchell, CEO of Strategic Blue, a financial cloud broker.
Influence of Cloud Computing Adaption on Organization Performance: A Case Stu...AI Publications
This study focuses on the influence of cloud computing adaption on organization performance with particular reference to selected Commercial Banks in Ilala Municipality. Specifically, the study aimed to assess how cloud computing increases efficiency of bank operations, to examine the effectiveness of cloud computing on enhancing customer satisfaction and to identify the challenges and opportunities encountering Commercial Banks in adopting and using cloud computing services. A sample of 70 respondents was drawn from the study population using simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Research questionnaire was applied in data collection and the collected data were analyzed using quantitative research techniques. Frequencies and percentages were computed to establish descriptive information of the collected data. Multiple regression statistical analysis with the help of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was employed to analyse the collected data. Results revealed that cloud computing is easy to use in banking operations, it shows that cloud computing in banks is accurate in data processing whereby to improve efficiency cloud technology can bring together multiple data and operational systems and increase efficiency in bank operations. Basing on the findings the study recommends that cloud computing service providers solve the issues that hamper the adoption of cloud computing. The government should create policies on cloud computing to be taught from schools so that people become aware of cloud computing. Seminars and events should be organized so that different kinds of individuals can be educated and informed about different ideas concerning cloud computing adaptation. The study recommends for further studies that cloud computing is a rapidly emerging technology in many companies. It would be interesting to concentrate on other industries that may have a greater demand for information management and so need the usage of cloud computing.
Australian Enterprises for the Digital EconomyVishal Sharma
This document summarizes research conducted by the National Institute of Economic and Industry Research (NIEIR) on how digital technologies will impact seven key industry sectors in Australia by 2025. The research models two potential futures for enterprises in each sector: a "leader" that fully embraces digital transformation, and a "follower" that does not significantly change. It finds that large performance gaps will open up between leaders and followers, with leaders enjoying significant advantages in areas like revenue, market share, and productivity. By 2025, these gaps could be worth hundreds of billions of dollars in combined market capitalization across some sectors. The research underscores the importance of Australian enterprises urgently transforming their business models for the digital age.
Changes in the business environment brought by technologyShakthi Fernando
This document is about changes which have occurred within business environment due to technology. Layout of this report is based on the Table 1-1 of the Laudon’s book "Management Information Systems: Managing the digital firm".
Economist Intelligence Unit: Preparing for Next-Generation CloudHitachi Vantara
Preparing for next-generation cloud: Lessons learned and insights shared is an Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) research programme, sponsored by Hitachi Data Systems. In this report, the EIU looks at companies’ experiences with cloud adoption and assesses whether the technology has lived up to expectations. Where the cloud has fallen short of expectations, we set out to understand why. In cases of seamless implementation, we gather best practices from firms using the cloud successfully.
Over the last decade, cloud computing has transformed the market for IT services. But the journey to cloud adoption has not been without its share of twists and turns. This report looks at lessons that can be derived from companies' experiences implementing cloud computing technology.
Serving the long tail white-paper (how to rationalize IT yet produce more apps)Newton Day Uploads
Businesses benefit from having fewer technology tools in their 'enterprise stack'. Yet CIOs still need to encourage innovation and employ software tools as an enabler for growth and cost reduction. This white paper focuses on the role of Situational Applications platforms to reduce the number of technology platforms whilst increasing opportunities to serve the long-tail of applications demands from individuals and communities of users whose needs are unfulfilled by core enterprise platforms.
This document provides an introduction and literature review for a paper on the importance of information technology to financial reporting in Nigeria. The introduction discusses how information technology is changing the business world rapidly and its critical role in accounting. The literature review defines key terms like information technology, management information systems, and how information technology has evolved and impacted financial reporting. It also outlines the contents of the full paper.
Cloud computing has clearly become a driving force in the information technology world. Over 90% of global enterprises report using cloud as part of their business. With over $33 billion in projected 2015 spend, cloud is now the largest category in IT infrastructure budgets.
But every industry has its unique technology dynamics. Therefore, to understand the future of cloud computing you need to understand its dynamics in key industries.
In this report, we will first present some brief observations on the role of cloud across these verticals. The focus will be on the pace of cloud adoption and its subsequent impact on key sectors within each industry.
In addition, our research showed that manufacturing plays a special role in global development—and so the report will take a deeper dive into that unique sector. In doing so, the report will highlight digital trends that have a broader impact as cloud moves from the digital to the “cyber-physical”.
The document discusses the findings of a survey of nearly 1,600 IT decision makers across Europe and the US regarding their use of cloud computing. Some key findings include:
1) There is no definitive answer on which types of applications are best suited for which infrastructure platforms, as many variables are at play.
2) While cloud adoption is growing, many IT decision makers still have concerns about whether cloud is living up to its potential.
3) Security-sensitive applications have been slow to migrate to the cloud due to concerns over security, compliance, and governance.
4) Managing cloud vendors and achieving bimodal IT is challenging for many organizations. Smoother migration paths and greater assistance are still needed.
The document provides an overview of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems and their implementation. Some key points:
1) ERP systems aim to integrate core business functions like finance, manufacturing, supply chain management into a single system. This provides benefits like centralized data and streamlined processes but also challenges integrating different modules.
2) Major ERP vendors include SAP, Oracle, and Microsoft. Implementation can be expensive and time-consuming due to customization needs but provides standardized processes.
3) Benefits of ERP include reduced costs, automated processes, and remote access. Risks include difficulty customizing systems, loss of competitive advantages from process changes, and security risks from a single centralized database.
The document discusses enabling growth and innovation in Latin America through connectivity. It highlights key enablers like data, connected things, participating users, available capabilities, ubiquitous digitalization, and economic platforms. It then summarizes Ericsson projects and products like IoT network software that provides reduced device costs, extended battery life, and improved indoor coverage. The document also discusses Ericsson Cloud and the benefits it provides for digital industrialization. ConsumerLab insights on connected home services and commuting are briefly mentioned.
Rebooting IT Infrastructure for the Digital AgeCapgemini
The Digital Transformation Institute has launched its latest research report titled “Faster, Better, Smarter: Rebooting IT Infrastructure for the Digital Age.” The report highlights why organizations need robust and seamless IT infrastructure that keeps pace with evolving market and technology demands. IT infrastructure has always been known as a “keeping the lights on” function but now it has evolved into a core catalyst of Digital Transformation. However, as a function, IT infrastructure is yet to undergo a core transformation. The report discusses why a reboot is critical.
By applying wireless sensor technology to humanitarian issues, social enterprises can help address global development challenges and replicate solutions across many issues. However, inadequate human and technical capacity as well as barriers to consumer adoption limit the use of wireless sensor networks in social enterprises. Ultimately, a lack of investment is the biggest barrier to using big data and wireless sensor technologies to help social enterprises and developing nations.
Big data and wireless sensor technologies can help social enterprises address global development challenges by providing real-time information. However, barriers like inadequate technical capacity and high sensor costs limit their adoption. Creating easy-to-use systems and lowering costs is needed to realize big data's potential to empower social enterprises and improve lives in the developing world.
With physical interaction no longer being an acceptable form of communication in light of social distancing efforts, enterprises and institutions around the world have made a sudden shift to digital solutions in a bid to retain productivity. Companies are now starting to realize the benefits of cloud computing, even beyond the immediate need for remote work generated by COVID-19 this year. As a result, it's likely that many businesses will begin scaling up their digital transformation efforts and invest heavily in IT and cloud resources in the coming years.
This documentation explains how cloud technology is the corporate world’s biggest partner in times of crises like COVID-19.
Cloud computing technology for egovernment architectureijfcstjournal
The evolution of
cloud computing
has had a significant
effect on our lives and it has brought many benefits.
Cloud computing is a style of computing which is formed from the aggregation and development of
technologies such as grid computing distributed computing, parallel computing and service
-
oriented
archit
ecture
and it
s exciting for governments and private companies, and it has eager them to take
advantage of this technology. Because in this model no needed to additional costs for equipment and
resources to respond to the request of customers, however in t
erms of demand and workload, company
lease and take possession of the required resources, such as servers and virtual sources. In this pa
per, we
studied how to use cloud computing in e
-
government and tried to identify the benefits of the cloud to use in
th
e e
-
government and offer proposals to overcome its shortcomings, encourage and partnership of
governments and people to use this economical
, green
and new technology.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) operating in the Adum Central Business District of Kumasi, Ghana. The study found that while awareness of ICTs was high, only 23% of SMEs used computers and 49% used mobile phones to support their businesses. Additionally, 54% of the SMEs did not have internet access. The study recommended that Ghanaian government agencies and other stakeholders help educate business owners on the benefits of using ICTs to gain a competitive advantage. It also suggested improving access to hardware, software, and ICT infrastructure to help SMEs better exploit technology.
In this presentation, Manoj introduces the concept of SMAC and discusses technological as well as platform trends. Manoj's interest area lies in cloud computing because of advantages in cost reduction and scalability.
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The Impact of Cloud Computing in Promoting Economic Growth through SMEs in the United States
1. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 16, No 2, April 2024
DOI: 10.5121/ijcsit.2024.16202 11
THE IMPACT OF CLOUD COMPUTING IN
PROMOTING ECONOMIC GROWTH THROUGH
SMES IN THE UNITED STATES
Omolola F. Hassan1*
, Oluwadare O. Aderibigbe1
, Oghenekome P. Efijemue1
and
Tolulope D. Onasanya2
1
Department of Computer Science, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville USA.
2
Department of Computer Science, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State
University, Greensboro USA.
ABSTRACT
Cloud Computing, being one of the most recent innovative developments of the IT world, has been
instrumental not just to the success of SMEs but, through their productivity and innovative contribution to
the economy, has even made a remarkable contribution to the economic growth of the United States. To
this end, the study focuses on how cloud computing technology has impacted economic growth through
SMEs in the United States. Relevant literature connected to the variables of interest in this study was
reviewed, and secondary data was generated and utilized in the analysis section of this paper. The findings
of this paper revealed that there have been meaningful contributions that the usage of virtualization has
made in the commercial dealings of small firms in the United States, and this has also been reflected in the
economic growth of the country. This paper further revealed that as important as cloud-based software is,
some SMEs are still skeptical about how it can help improve their business and increase their bottom line
and hence have failed to adopt it. Apart from the SMEs, some notable large firms in different industries,
including information and educational services, have adopted cloud computing technology and hence
contributed to the economic growth of the United States. Lastly, findings from our inferential statistics
revealed that no discernible change has occurred in innovation between small and big businesses in the
adoption of cloud computing. Both categories of businesses adopt cloud computing in the same way, and
their contribution to the American economy has no significant difference in the usage of virtualization.
KEYWORDS
Cloud computing, SMEs, Economic growth.
1. INTRODUCTION
The role that cloud computing plays in our everyday world can never be overemphasized. It has
revolutionized the entire world by making services such as servers, electronic mail, internet
facilities, data storage, and retrieval more readily available for usability than they were prior to
this period. Cloud computing is an elusive concept without a clear understanding of what it is and
what it is not [1]. However, he asserted that cloud computing is the action that justifies offering
information technology services on demand over the internet from a remote location. These
services performed by cloud computing include smart storing and retrieving of data via the
internet rather than making use of the traditional means of personal computers, laptops, or even
mobile devices and other computer peripherals. Cloud computing is defined as a computing
paradigm that enables simple, constant, on-demand access to a common pool of easily
changeable computer resources that can be easily made available and released with little
managerial interaction with the service provider [2]. On the other hand, the term SMEs stands for
2. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 16, No 2, April 2024
12
small and medium-scale enterprises, and throughout this study, they will be referred to as SMEs.
Meanwhile, the United States’ Small Business Administration has it on record that SMEs make
up over 99% of all United States’ businesses and employ over 60 million workers, which
represents about 47% of the private labor force [3].
Small businesses are regarded as the foundation of a country, and hence many of them adopt
cost-effective means of operation so that they can enjoy financial advantage over their
competitors [4]. This cost-saving feature of cloud computing is why SMEs have made it their
preferred choice. This gesture will ensure their continuity in business and, by extension, make a
meaningful contribution to the economy they are operating.
The commercial model for cloud technology is well-established. and widely employed in Europe,
where they have optimized their effects on the country's wealth and growth in GDP due to their
valuable features [5]. Some notable European countries, such as France, Italy, Germany,
England, and Spain, have adopted cloud computing as a mode of operation in their business
environments according to their unique economic characteristics. These countries have
consequently reaped a significant economic benefit from adopting this ICT development [6].
Cloud computing has significantly contributed to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the five
nations mentioned above [7], and it was discovered that an estimated amount of €763 billion was
generated while using cloud computing between 2010 and 2015.
A report published by the United States International Trade Commission revealed SMEs
involvement in United States service and goods exportation. In addition, the report describes how
SMEs have contributed to the American economy in no small measure, even to the extent of
creating employment opportunities [8]. This paper was comprehensive enough to explain the role
of SMEs in making meaningful contributions to the American economy. However, it was silent
on the contribution of cloud computing and its application by the United States’ small businesses.
To this end, this study evaluates how cloud computing is influencing US SMEs' ability to expand
economically.
1.1. Rationale for the Study
This study has not only added to the body of existing literature but has also suggested important
and cost-effective ways in which SMEs can operate in an attempt to improve their operations and
increase their bottom line. This, in a way, will directly affect the United States economy, making
it possible for it to achieve its macro-economic objectives of economic growth, reduction in
unemployment, equitable distribution of wealth, and many more. Though as important as cloud
computing is, there have been some factors mitigating its full adoption by some firms. This paper
revealed these factors so that one can have a rationale behind why some SMEs have opted not to
adopt them in their businesses. To this end, this study will be instrumental to the SMEs owners,
the SMEs managers, and the cloud computing world in a way to improve their IT services, and
most importantly, the United States government.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESES
Cloud computing is an ICT paradigm where a network offers a scalable design based on
virtualized services that may be dynamically scaled [9]. With this, services in the cloud world are
distributed worldwide and vary in kind. It is not expected of the customer to become proficient in
dealing with the support staff of the cloud computing infrastructure. Networks, apps, and
infrastructure are considered tools in cloud computing technology.
3. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 16, No 2, April 2024
13
The cloud technology comprises three service representations, which consist of SaaS, IaaS, and
PaaS. [10,11]. Clients can set up software they have bought or built themselves using encoding
scripts, libraries, and services, along with the devices that those providing cloud services offer on
the cloud infrastructure, by using PaaS. Software as a Service (SaaS) enables clients to use the
software already built by those providing cloud services and housed on a cloud computing
platform. While the IaaS service model makes it possible for clients to enjoy services such as
processing, storing, networking essential computer resources, and many more, this service makes
it possible for clients to fix and run any type of application, including programs and operating
systems.
2.1. The Rise of Cloud Computing
Cloud computing can be linked with the advent of “Virtualization” in the 1970s, which came as a
process of creating a virtual machine that functions exactly like a physical computer [12] and has
its own operating system. As time went on, the idea of virtualization changed along with the
internet, and in the 1990s, we saw the rise of virtual computers, which made it possible for the
development of contemporary cloud computing infrastructure.
The cloud is now a very potent computing technology available to individuals and businesses
worldwide. It only takes a few clicks to share computer resources, provide a wide range of
services, and store and access apps. Furthermore, cloud computing is an essential business
paradigm when seen through a more business-oriented lens. It can assist businesses in growing
and saving money while also fostering a competitive climate that offers more job possibilities and
challenges to businesses across Europe and beyond [5].
The economics and business plans of SMEs have been impacted by cloud computing through the
ways in which cloud computing has affected SMEs’ operations as they strive for sustainability
and profitability [13]. To this end, cloud services give small businesses new ways to work and
collaborate by giving them more flexible options in real-time and enabling them to have access to
the information and communication capacity they require on demand. All these make cloud
computing an affordable substitute for costly and resource-intensive internal IT solutions, in
addition to expenditures on software and hardware.
There is no universal definition for SMEs; however, this paper will employ the definition of
Downing and Graciain their report, where they shed light on the definition of SMEs by
identifying some common parameters used in the definition of SMEs. These parameters include
the volume of assets of the enterprise, the amount of labor employed, the level of annual
turnover, and the capital investment of the enterprise [3]. To this end, the most direct definition of
SMEs is provided by the Small Business Administration's (SBA) Office of Advocacy, which
mentioned that businesses with fewer than 500 employees are termed small and/or medium.
Furthermore, the United States International Trade Commission Report, categorized SMEs as
those whose annual revenue falls within $7 million or less, while those SMEs in the computer
services industry have an annual revenue threshold of about $25 million. While farming activities
that are considered SMEs have an annual revenue threshold of $250,000.
4. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 16, No 2, April 2024
14
Fig 1: Definition of SMEs by consideration of annual revenue & Number of employees
SBA “ United States Small Business Administration”.
USDA“ United States Department of Agriculture”.
Source: “United States International Trade Commission (2010)”.
According to Fig. 1, small businesses that are into manufacturing were not captured by the figure.
The reason is that they have similar parameters of measurement as the SMEs that are under other
services.
SME businesses are so important in fighting poverty, and their contribution to the advancement
of any economy can never be overemphasized [14]. The arrangement for this is such that when
the SMEs become successful, especially in the continuous production of goods and rendering of
services, automatically economic growth will be born. By extension, this will result in the
creation of job opportunities for the people in such economy. Increase in job opportunities will
consequently increase disposable income that will in turn fuel demand for products and services.
An increase in demand for goods and services will make money available for SMEs, and the end
product of all these is a rise in the state of well-being of citizens.
It is expedient to bring the following fact to this research paper that 99.9% of businesses in
America are categorized under the SMEs and there are about 33.2million of them across the
nation of the United States. About 17.3 million net new jobs were generated by SMEs between
1995 and 2021, while of the known American export value, about 32.6% is produced by SMEs. It
is also interesting to know that 38% of SMEs’ in the United States utilized specialized software
in their business operations [15].
2.2. The Concept of Economic Growth
This means an increase in the GDP of a nation. A report by the United States Congress’ Joint
Economic Committee staff, asserted that economic growth is essential for raising living
standards[16]. Even seemingly insignificant variations in economic growth over an extended
period of time have a significant effect on the living standards and income levels of various
players in an economy. The US' average yearly growth rate of its per capita GDP during the past
125 years has been a consistent 1.8 percent [17]. The conventional belief that the U.S. economy
is nearing its long-run steady-state balanced growth path is, in fact, supported by the stability of
U.S. economic growth rates.
In their study, Valliere & Peterson showed how economic growth has been impacted by
entrepreneurship as measured by the establishment of new enterprises [18]. Additionally, they
5. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 16, No 2, April 2024
15
discussed how entrepreneurship's defining traits—innovation and firm creation—have emerged
as key drivers of national economic growth in developed nations.
When it comes to looking for the right metrics to measure economic growth, the gross domestic
product is the most significant variable [19]. This factor is widely and easily used when it comes
to developed countries like the US but using it as a metric to measure economic growth in less
developed nations is seriously challenging as it is often wrongly calculated due to a lack of an
enviable database in the archives of government of these nations.
In terms of its contribution to various indicators of economic growth, the cloud computing sector
is performing fairly well, despite being relatively new to the American and global economies.
Beyond its ability to save costs for businesses, cloud computing benefits the economy in many
ways and has helped small businesses flourish by empowering them to perform ICT functions
without the need for a fully functional IT department.
There is a strong association between the productivity of the United States' firms and the IT
components that facilitate cloud computing according to Hooton & Kaing [20]. To this end, it
suffices to say that the dominance of American enterprises on the list of cloud computing service
providers is indicative of their pioneering nature. According to information from a 2021 study by
Synergy Research Group, Amazon, Microsoft, and Google collectively control over 60% of the
global cloud business, with the United States being represented by these three companies. With
the possibilities of what the IT world is predicted to offer through the cloud computing sector,
this number may only increase dramatically. This optimism can only lead to the US economy
expanding and to more optimism about the country's potential to lead the globe in almost every
area.
2.3. Hypothesis Testing
In an attempt to validate the contribution that the SMEs have made in contributing to the US's as
a nation through cloud computing adoption and its inherent innovation coupled with the
application of this innovation from cloud computing by even larger firms, two hypotheses in their
null form were formulated for this study:
Hypothesis 1 (HO1)
“There is no significant difference in innovation between SMEs and large firms in the adoption of
cloud computing."?
Hypothesis 2 (HO2)
“There is no significant difference between the economic growth rate of the United States prior to
and after the cloud computing era”?
2.4. Theoretical Framework
Two essential theories will be the basis on which this study stands. These include the
'Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) and the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI)’. These
two are extensively examined in the paragraph below.
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2.4.1. Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE)
TOE theoretical framework is the examination of how businesses and organizations embrace new
technologies and the acceptance of this innovation by businesses is as a result ofthree essential
factors as the theory suggests [21]. This includes “technological”, “organizational” and
“environmental” factors [22,23]. The “technological dimension”is the IT structure currently
available and utilize in an organization. While the company size, level of formality and
bureaucracy, degree of centralization, managerial structure as well as the human, material and
financial resources at the disposal of the organization make up the organizational dimension of
this theory. The environmental factors are the external factors that serve as either threats or
opportunities to the survival of the organization. The TOE theoretical framework is
diagrammatically captured below as a subset of the integrated theoretical framework.
Fig 2: “Integrated Theoretical Framework for the adoption of Cloud Computing”.
2.4.2. Diffusion of Innovation (DOI)
“Diffusion of Innovation" (DOI) was propounded in 1962 by Everett Rogers. According to him,
this theory gives a full description of how, why, and how quickly new concepts and innovations
proliferate across cultural boundaries [24]. This theory is primarily predicated on the
characteristics of the invention and how end users view it [25]. According to Rogers, DOI is the
"process in which a new development is transferred over time through a particular channel”. This
theory is instrumental to this study because the concept of cloud computing is not something that
has been around for so long in the United States.
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3. DATA AND METHODOLOGY
This study examined how cloud computing usage by SMEs has helped improve economic growth
in the United States. As a corollary to the above, efforts will be made to compare how the
economic growth rate of the United States has been prior to and after the advent of cloud
technology. Meanwhile, the data characteristics and the complexity of gathering primary data led
to utilizing secondary data for analyzing this study. The approach for this study is the deductive
approach, and in order to examine the data that represents the variables of interest for this paper,
both descriptive and inferential analyses were performed. The descriptive analysis utilizes the
likes of line charts, tables, and donuts from Microsoft PowerBI in analyzing the data. The
contingency Chi-square was inferentially used in testing for hypothesis 1.
3.1. Ethical Consideration
It is essential to consider the ethical implications of any research study because ethical standards
must be taken into consideration at every stage of a research study so as to minimize any
potential risk or prevent the divulging of sensitive information that belongs to the participants of
this study or organizations whose data are used for this paper [26]. Therefore, consent,
confidentiality, and protection of the participants’ and organizations’ data were highly upheld for
this study.
4. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION OF ANALYZED DATA
4.1.Descriptive Statistics of the Study
The descriptive statistics of the study asserted that GDP is a good parameter to measure economic
growth [19], and hence it was used between two different time frames to measure the economic
growth of the United States before the advent of cloud computing and after the concept has
become a common phenomenon both in the IT and business worlds. The period prior to the
popularization of cloud computing covers 1975–1990 (see Fig 3), while the post-cloud computing
era covers a period from 2000–2010 (see Fig 4).
Fig 3: The United States Economic Growth prior to advent of cloud computing
Source: Excerpt from Economic Report of the President (1999)
Data from the tables shows a significant difference in the volume of GDP as it measures
economic growth in the United States. This vast difference is obviously partly due to the
introduction of innovation through cloud computing, which has encouraged firms, especially
SMEs, which are major contributors to the American economy, to apply the cloud computing
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innovation to the running of their businesses. Furthermore, the use of cloud computing services
by SMEs is not the only way that it has significantly improved economic growth.
As revealed by Fig 4, the tremendous improvement in economic growth can also be attributed to
the fact that most global cloud businesses are controlled by American companies. This is in
support of Hooton & Kaing who found a very strong association between the productivity of
firms in the US and the utilization of cloud technology [20]. The dominance of American
technology giants on the list of cloud computing service providers is another major indicator of
how the economic growth of the United States has improved tremendously in recent times.
Fig 4: The United States Economic Growth after the advent of cloud computing
Source: (Imf.org; GDP per capita, current prices).
As displayed in Fig. 5, and as important as cloud computing is, there are some factors that
prevent some SMEs from adopting cloud computing facilities in their businesses. Notable among
them and the percentage of respondents to these factors as captured below include the fact that
the technology is too expensive; about 6.98% of the secondary data gathered from the
respondents supported this claim; about 1.08% of the secondary data revealed that respondents
claimed that the cloud computing technology was not mature; and 6.57% of the respondents fall
under the category of lack of access to required human capital and talent, concerned regarding
safety and cyber security; and lack of access to both financial and physical capital in adopting the
cloud computing facilities. About 30.65% of the respondents claimed that cloud computing does
not apply to their business.
Interestingly enough and as important as cloud computing has been adopted by most SMEs in the
United States, about 54.72% of the SMEs claimed that no factor is responsible for not adopting
cloud computing facilities in their business. Simply put, in another language, that means that
more than half of the SMEs in the US have adopted the utilization of cloud technology in their
businesses.
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Fig5: Factors adversely affecting the embrace of cloud computingby some small businesses.
Source: NCSES & Census Bureau, 2019 Annual Business Survey.
The descriptive analysis in Table 1 revealed the combination of industries under which all SMEs
that adopted cloud computing facilities fell. The top five (5) industries and their respective
percentages of adoption include “information” (65.68%), “professional, scientific, and technical
services” (60.79%), “educational services” (58.77%), “healthcare & social assistance” (52.77%),
and “finance & insurance” (52.04%).
Table 1: Percentage of Businesses in the American Industry utilizing the cloud computing Innovation
Source: NCSES & Census Bureau, 2018 Annual Business Survey
The descriptive analysis in Table 1 revealed the combination of industries under which all SMEs
that adopted cloud computing facilities fell. The top five (5) industries and their respective
percentages of adoption include “information” (65.68%), “professional, scientific, and technical
services” (60.79%), “educational services” (58.77%), “healthcare & social assistance” (52.77%),
and “finance & insurance” (52.04%). Table 1: Percentage of Businesses in the American Industry
Utilizing the Cloud Computing Innovation Source: NCSES & Census Bureau, 2018 Annual
Business Survey The descriptive statistics on Table 2 revealed at a glance those categories of
SMEs and large firms that adopted cloud technology in their businesses, those areas of their
businesses where this innovation is applied, and the percentage of firms that adopted cloud
computing in these respective areas. SMEs that employ cloud computing mostly in the areas of
“product innovation, new-to-market product innovation, business practice innovation, and
marketing innovation” are those whose size comprises 250–499 employees. This category of
SMEs adopted cloud computing in the aforementioned areas of their business, with the respective
percentages of adoption in these business areas including 28.34%, 14.21%, 35.16%, and 39.55%.
In fact, it can be inferred from table 2 below that the bigger the firm, the better and easier the
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application of cloud computing in these critical areas of their business. To this end, large firms
have the largest share of this application of cloud computing in these business areas, as those with
500–999 employees’ strength had 27.75% of their cloud computing prowess devoted to product
innovation, 13.97% devoted to new-to-market product innovation, 33.73% of their cloud
computing strength devoted to business practice innovation, and 39.59% to marketing innovation.
The large firms with staff strengths of 1000 and above adopted cloud computing, respectively,
into these aforementioned functional areas: 34.31%, 19.28%, 39.9%, and 47.56%.
It is important to note that of all these functional areas, all firms, both SMEs and large firms,
applied cloud computing technology mostly in the area of marketing innovation, while “new-to-
market product innovation” received the least application of innovative cloud computing
technology.
Table 2: Innovation through Cloud Computing as adopted by Firms (%)
Source: NCSES & Census Bureau, 2018 Annual Business Survey
4.2. Inferential Statistics of the Study
The contingent Chi-Square formula was utilized in determining if there is an existing significant
difference in Innovation between SMEs and Large Firms in embracing cloud technology by these
two categories of firms. Findings from the calculation revealed that there is no significant
difference in innovation between SMEs and bigger enterprises in the adoption of cloud
computing (P-value (0.98) > 0.05; see Fig. 6 below and Appendix for elaborate analysis using an
Excel worksheet).
Fig 6: Analysis of comparison of innovation through cloud computing by both SMEs and Large Firms
Source: Data from NCSES & Census Bureau, 2018 Annual Business Surveyanalyzed throughMS-excel.
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5. CONCLUSION
This paper was borne out of curiosity to determine to what extent cloud computing has been
adopted by SMEs and the extent to which this has contributed to the economic growth of the
United States. Relevant literature was reviewed to gain previous researchers’ assertions and
findings on the concepts of “cloud computing," "SMEs,” and economic growth.
To start with, this paper utilized secondary data in its analysis due to the herculean task involved
in generating primary data. The paper asserted in its findings that cloud computing in the US
became popularized around the 1990s and has since been adopted by some SMEs and even larger
firms. Our findings also revealed that the economic growth of the United States, measured using
GDP metrics, has improved during the era of the advent of cloud computing compared to prior to
that period. This improvement in the United States’ economic growth is not limited to the
productivity and business innovation enjoyed by these SMEs in the adoption of cloud computing
technology but also as a result of the fact that the major share of cloud computing services is
dominated by American tech giants.
The findings from this paper also revealed that, as essential as cloud computing is to most SMEs
in the United States, it has not been fully adopted, as some SMEs believe that its adoption is too
expensive, some claim that the technology has not matured, and some lack access to financial,
physical, and human capital that will be used to facilitate the utilization of this innovation. Other
reasons why some SMEs have not resorted to adopting this innovation, as revealed by this study,
are that some businesses have serious concerns for safety and cyber security, and some claim that
it is not applicable to their business.
The paper also revealed in its findings the top five industries that adopt cloud computing
innovation in their businesses, and these include "information," “professional, scientific, and
technical services," “educational services," “healthcare and social assistance," and “finance and
insurance,” respectively. This paper also revealed various functional innovative areas of SMEs to
which cloud computing has been applied, and references were made to “product innovation,"
“new-to-market product innovation," “business practice innovation,” and “marketing innovation."
Lastly, the findings from this paper that were captured in one of our hypotheses through the
inferential statistics revealed that there is no significant difference in innovation between SMEs
and bigger enterprises in the adoption of cloud computing in the United States.
5.1. Recommendations
From our findings, the following have been recommended to all stakeholders in the cloud
computing world:
A more robust paper can be written where primary data will be gathered and comparisons
made with its findings, as well as what the findings of this paper have revealed.
Since the cloud computing innovation has improved the American economy
tremendously in no small measure, as it reflects in its economic growth, the American
government should create an enabling atmosphere where these SMEs can effectively
operate through the adoption of cloud computing technology in their businesses.
As a corollary to the above, there should be full sensitization on the use and importance
of cloud computing for those SMEs whose management has not believed in its
innovation. In addition, systems should be put in place where they become affordable for
all SMEs to adopt.
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Lastly, due to the fact that some SMEs have not adopted it, considering that there are no adequate
personnel within the reach of this category of SMEs, there should be a convincing plan put in
place to support the training of more people in this field of innovative technology.
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APPENDIX