A plant tissue is a cell or a group of cells that give rise to large number of cell, which is collectively called tissues.

1. By Prof. Liwayway Memije-Cruz
Plant Tissues

2. Introduction
 A cellular organization between a single
cell and a complete organism is
controlled by the tissue.
 They are the collection of similar cells,
with specific function.
 A collection of tissue gives rise to an
organ.
 A tissue is simple, which may be single
celled type or a complex cell type.

3. Plant Tissue
 A group of cells
dividing, to give
rise to large
number of cell,
which is
collectively
referred as
tissues.
 They are
structurally and

4. Plant Tissue System
 Plants do have a higher
level of structure called
plant tissue systems.
 A plant tissue system
can be defined as a
functional unit, which
connects all organs of a
plant.
 Like animal tissue
system, plant tissue
system is also grouped
into various tissues
based on their
functions.

5. Plant Tissue System

6. Plant Tissue System

7. Dermal Tissues
 They are the tissues, which covers the
external part of the herbaceous plants.
 They are composed of epidermal cells,
which secrete the waxy cuticle.
 Waxy cuticles are responsible for
protecting plants against water loss.
 Consists of epidermis and periderm.

8. Epidermis
 They are the outermost layer of the primary plant body,
which covers roots, stems, leaves, floral parts, fruits and
seeds.
 They are one layer thick with cuticle.
 They are composed mostly of unspecialized cells-
parenchyma and sclerenchyma.
They include trichomes, stomata, buIIiform ceIIs, etc.

9. Periderm
 They are the outermost
layer of stems and roots of
woody plants such as trees.
They are also called as
barks.
 They replace epidermis in
plants that undergo
secondary growth.
 They are multilayered
structures.
 They include cork cells,
which are nonliving cells
that cover the outside of
stems and roots.
 The periderm protects the
plant from injuries,
pathogens and also from
excessive water

10. Ground Tissues
 They synthesize the organic
compounds and support the plants by
storing the produced products.
 They are composed of parenchyma
cells and also include collenchyma
and sclerenchyma cells.

11. Parenchyma
 They are the general cells of plants,
which are circular in shape and have
very thin wall.
 They are present in all plant cells.
 They have very large vacuoles and
are frequently found in all roots, stem,
leaves and in fruits
 Parenchyma cells help in synthesizing
and storage of synthesized food
products.
 Parenchyma cells also controls plant's
metabolism like photosynthesis,
respiration, protein synthesis.
 They also play a vital role in wound
healing and regeneration of plants.

12. Collenchyma
 Collenchymas are specialized parenchyma tissue, which are found in all
green parts.
 Collenchyma cells are elongated with unevenly thickened walls.
 They are alive during the cell maturity.
 Collenchyma cells controls the functions of young plants.
 A collenchyma cell provides a support to plants by not restraining growth,
which is caused due to their absence of secondary walls and hardening
agent in their primary walls.

13. Sclerenchyma
 They are rigid, non-living cells.
 They have thick, lignified secondary walls and
lack protoplasts at maturity.
 They provide strength
 A sclerenchyma cell also provides a support to
plants with the help of hardening agent present
in their cells.
 Sclerenchyma cells are of two types:
1. Sclereids: short, irregular in shape and have
thick, lignified secondary walls
Fibers: are long, slender and are arranged in
threads.

14. Sclerenchyma

15. Vascular Tissues
 They are specialized cells with transport of
water, hormone and minerals throughout
the plant.
 They contain transfer cells, fibers in
addition to xylem, phloem, parenchyma,
cambium and other conducting cells.
 They are located in the veins of the
leaves.

16. Xylem
 The term xylem•is derived
from the Greek word
meaning wood•.
 are dead with hollow cells,
which consist of only cell
wall.
 play a vital role in
transporting water and
dissolved nutrients from the
roots to all parts of a plant.
 transport the nutrients in
the upward direction .i.e.
from the root to the stem,
leaves and flower.
 also called as water-
conducting cells.

17. Phloem
 The term phloem is derived
from the Greek word
meaning bark.
 are live cells, which lack
nucleus and other
organelles.
 transport dissolved organic
food materials (sugars) from
the leaves to all parts of a
plant.
 transport the nutrients in the
downward direction .i.e.
from the leaves to the
different parts of the plant.
 also called as sugar-
conducting cells.

19. Meristematic Tissues
 group of cells, which
have the ability to
divide.
 consists of small,
cubodial densely
packed cells, which
keeps on dividing to
form new cells.
 capable of stretching,
enlarging and
differentiate into other
types of tissues as
they mature.
 give rise to permanent
tissues.


20. Characteristics of Meristematic
tissues
 have very small cells with thin cell walls.
 cells have large nuclei.
 cells have very small vacuoles and they lack
intercellular spaces.
 remain young forever and divide actively
throughout the life of the plant.
 In plants, these tissues are found in the -Tips of
roots, stems, nodes of stems, buds, in between
the xylem and phloem, under the epidermis of
dicotyledonous plants and also producing branch
roots.

21. Kinds of Meristematic Tissues
 Apical meristems : They are
found at the tip of stems and
roots. During the cell division,
this meristem helps in cellular
enlargement and also it
influence the shapes of the
mature plants.
 Lateral meristems : They are
found along the sides of roots
and stems .They play a vital
role in increasing the width or
diameter of stems and roots.
 Intercallary meristems : They
are found at the bases of
young leaves and
internodes. They are mainly
responsible for further
lengthening of stems and
leaves.

22. Permanent Tissues
 The tissues, which are derived from the Meristematic
tissues
 They are the tissues, which have lost their ability to
divide as they have attained their mature form.
Kinds of Permanent Tissues
 Simple permanent tissue: are the tissues, which are
similar in function and are called as simple because
they are composed of similar types of cells, which
have common origin and function.
 Complex permanent tissue: are the tissues, which are
composed of two or more types of cells but contribute
to a common function are called complex tissues.