Metallization techniques for high efficiency solar cells

Metallization techniques for High Efficiency Solar Cells Mehul Raval [email_address]

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Industrial Solar Cell Efficiencies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Advanced Screen Printing Techniques for higher efficiencies* ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],*Advanced screen printing technique for high definition front side metallization of crystalline silicon solar cells -Denis Erath , et al. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 94(2010) 57–61.

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Fig 1. Printed Line width and paste quantity v/s substrate temp for multicrystalline solar cell Fig 3. Printed Line width and Jsc v/s substrate temp for monocrystalline solar cell Fig 2. Microscopic Image for screen printed lines(Ws = 90 µ m); left @ Ambient Temp, right @ Higher Temp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Fig 4. 3-D & microscopic picture of fine screen printed line on textured Cz-Si. Table: I-V Parameters for alkaline textured Cz-Si solar cells of size 125x125 sq.mm, w s = 100µm Table: Average w l after co-firing with w s = 40µm & 50µm Substrate Condition Voc(mV) Jsc(mA/cm 2 ) FF(%) η(%) Rs(Ωcm 2 ) Unheated(avg out of 8 cells) 612 ± 1.4 34.0 ± 0.3 78.4± 0.4 16.3 ± 0.2 0.7 ± 0.02 Heated(avg out of 40 cells) 613 ± 1.6 34.4 ± 0.1 78.1± 0.3 16.5 ± 0.1 0.8 ± 0.03 Substrate Temp Ts Room Temperature High Temperature Substrate w s ( µ m) w l ( µ m) w l ( µ m) Cz-Si Textured 40 X 52 50 71 62 mc-Si Textured 40 X 46 50 64 52

Two layer metallization Approaches* ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],*High-Efficiency Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells- S.W. Glunz,Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Heidenhofstrasse 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.Advances in OptoElectronics Volume 2007, Article ID 97370, 15 pages.

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],*A. Mette, et al. “Increasing the efficiency of screen-printed silicon solar cells by light-induced silver plating,” in Proceedings of the 4thWorld Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, vol. 1, pp. 1056–1059,Waikoloa, Hawaii, USA, May 2006.

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],*A. Mette, et al. “Hot melt ink for the front side Metallisation of silicon solar cells,” in Proceedings of the 20th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Barcelona, Spain, June 2005. Table: Result of 100x100 sqmm Cz-Si solar cell. Line width = 50 µ m. Paste Voc(mV) Jsc(mA/sq.cm) FF(%) η(%) Hot Melt 624 36.1 79.7 17.9 Conventional 627 36.2 76.9 17.4

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[object Object],[object Object],*A. Mette, et al.“Metal aerosol jet printing for solar cell metallization,” Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 15(7) ,pp 621-627. Table:Results of 125×125mm2 monocrystalline solar cells with Al-BSF and SiNx front passivation. Table:Results of 50×50mm2 multicrystalline solar cells. Finger width Voc(mV) Jsc(mA/sq.cm) FF(%) η (%) 90um 620 35.8 80.2 17.8 Finger width Voc(mV) Jsc(mA/sq.cm) FF(%) η(%) 160um 617 32.7 79.4 16 70um 618 34.2 77.4 16.4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],*Annerose Knorz, et al."Selective Laser Ablation of SiNx Layers on Textured Surfaces for Low Temperature Front Side Metallizations",PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS: RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS,Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 2009; 17:127–136.

[object Object],[object Object],*FORMATION OF A LOW OHMIC CONTACT NICKEL SILICIDE LAYER ON TEXTURED SILICON WAFERS USING ELECTROLESS NICKEL PLATING A. Nguyen, et al.Energy and Environmental Technology Applications Center (E2TAC), College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12205. L. Michaelson, et al.Technic Inc., One Spectacle St., Cranston, RI 02910

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],*M. Alem´an, et al.“Laser microsintering as a new metallization technique for silicon solar cells,” in Proceedings of the 21st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, Dresden, Germany, September 2006.

Metallization Trends in future* *Future Photovoltaics May 2010

Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Metallization techniques for high efficiency solar cells

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Metallization techniques for high efficiency solar cells