STATIC LINEAR AND NON LINEAR (PUSHOVER) ANALYSIS OF RC BUILDING ON SLOPING GROUNDS ON MEDIUM SOILS IN DIFFERENT ZONES

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2017, pp.
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976
© IAEME Publication Scopus
STATIC LINEAR AND NO
ANALYSIS OF RC BUILD
ON MEDIUM SOILS
PG Student, Civil Engineering Department, K L University, A.P, India
Professor, Civil Engineering Department, K L University, A.P, India
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This paper Deals with the
to uneven constructions undergo extra harm than their common counterpart
seismic design codes, & limitation
compulsory. METHODS/ANALYSIS
within twist influence ability,
Altitude irregularity has been observed in the direction of reason story failure due to non
distribute of demand-to-supply ratios
resting on the additional hand, reason non
columns. In this paper the structure chosen for study is a
building. The building which
mathematical models for the same are generated in
structural fundamentals, M40 G
be rigid. Seismic loads were considere
a 4 to7 storey RC structure with typical ground slope choosing
building that which produce less torsion effect for set
configuration in horizontal &
also used that which resist during earthquake and building that which produce less torsion effect
for setback - step back with irregular
Key words: Setback-Step Back,
Base Shear, Target Displacement,
Cite this Article: N.V. Mohanakrishna and CH. Hanumantha Rao, Static Linear and Non Linear
(Pushover) Analysis of RC Building On Sloping Grounds On Medium Soils In Different Zones
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology
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IJCIET/index.asp 811
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
, pp. 811–820, Article ID: IJCIET_08_01_095
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6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
Scopus Indexed
STATIC LINEAR AND NON LINEAR (PUSHOVER)
ANALYSIS OF RC BUILDING ON SLOPING GROUNDS
ON MEDIUM SOILS IN DIFFERENT ZONES
N.V. Mohanakrishna
CH. Hanumantha Rao
This paper Deals with the seismic activity field investigation
undergo extra harm than their common counterpart
limitations on top of sudden changes within mass &
METHODS/ANALYSIS: Irregularity within sizes pressures sharing about rigidity, &
twist influence ability, as mass irregularity is likely to pressure compulsory require
ltitude irregularity has been observed in the direction of reason story failure due to non
supply ratios the length about length of the elevation. Plan irregularity,
resting on the additional hand, reason non-uniform demand-to-capacity ratios bounded by the
columns. In this paper the structure chosen for study is a 4 to 7 storey commercial complex
which is located in seismic zone III, IV, & V on Medium soil sites
mathematical models for the same are generated in ETABS software
0 Grade of material is used. The floor Diaphragms are unspecified to
eismic loads were considered acting along either of the 2 major directions. Using ETABS
storey RC structure with typical ground slope choosing angle range
building that which produce less torsion effect for set-back & step
vertical direction is modeled and analyzed. “And isolated bearing is
step back with irregular configuration.
Back, Static Linear Analysis, Static Nonlinear (PUSHOVER
Displacement, Hinge Status, Isolated Bearing.
N.V. Mohanakrishna and CH. Hanumantha Rao, Static Linear and Non Linear
(Pushover) Analysis of RC Building On Sloping Grounds On Medium Soils In Different Zones
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 2017, pp.
editor@iaeme.com
&IType=1
N LINEAR (PUSHOVER)
SLOPING GROUNDS
IN DIFFERENT ZONES
c activity field investigations often verify so as
undergo extra harm than their common counterparts. This is known in
s on top of sudden changes within mass & rigidity are
sharing about rigidity, &
s mass irregularity is likely to pressure compulsory required.
ltitude irregularity has been observed in the direction of reason story failure due to non-uniform
e elevation. Plan irregularity,
capacity ratios bounded by the
4 to 7 storey commercial complex
on Medium soil sites. 3D
ETABS software. FINDINGS: For all
iaphragms are unspecified to
directions. Using ETABS
angle range between 00
and 400
back & step-back with irregular
vertical direction is modeled and analyzed. “And isolated bearing is
PUSHOVER) Analysis,
N.V. Mohanakrishna and CH. Hanumantha Rao, Static Linear and Non Linear
(Pushover) Analysis of RC Building On Sloping Grounds On Medium Soils In Different Zones.
, 8(1), 2017, pp. 811–820.

N.V. Mohanakrishna and CH. Hanumantha Rao
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 812 editor@iaeme.com
1. INTRODUCTION
In many parts of India it is a regular practice to construct building on hill slopes, whether there is a natural
hill sloping terrain. The building on the sloping terrain undergoes severe torsion under earthquake
hazardous excitation due to significant variation in the elevation of ground floor columns. To make the
decision on the safety, adequacy or to assess the actual behavior of the structures, sophisticated analytical
methods are needed. Static Non linear (Pushover) Analysis has become a popular method during the last
some decades for the seismic assessment of structure. Pushover (Non Linear) Analysis preserves
performed as force controlled or displacement-controlled. During force-controlled Pushover (Non Linear)
method, Full Load arrangement is used while précised, which is force controlled method, must survive to
use at what time the Load is previously recognized. Also, in force-controlled pushover (Non Linear)
method a few mathematical troubles so as to pressure exactness about outcome take place as Aim
displacement perhaps be linked by means of a extremely minute constructive (positive) otherwise yet a
unconstructive (Negative) Horizontal rigidity for the cause that about development of techniques & P-∆
things. It is the chosen tool for evaluation of seismic presentation of structures by the main rehabilitation
guiding principles and codes for the reason so as to it is theoretically and computationally easy & allows
tracing series about elastic & breakdown on top of part & structural phase fine as growth about the whole
ability curve about structure. In this isolated bearings are used in which the seismic separation system is to
decouple Building construction starting the destructive mechanism about seismic activity entered
movement that is, on the way to avoid super-structure about Building starting interesting i.e., fascinating
seismic activity power. The whole super-structure have to be supported on divide isolators whose vibrant
characteristics be selected towards separate Ground movement. A few separators are too designed to merge
considerable vibration. Displacement & elasticity are determined next to the level of the isolation
strategies, & super-structure behaves extremely a large amount similar to a rigid body.
The equivalent static method doesn’t consider the ir-regular effects in the building and since it depends
only on empirical formula the results obtained will be abnormal in comparison to response spectrum
method. By Ravikumar C M1, Babu Narayan K, Sujith, Venkat Reddy D1.The performance of STEP back
building during seismic excitation could prove more. Vulnerable than other configurations of buildings.
B.G. Birajdar1, S.S. Nalawade2. The natural period decreases as the stiffness of the building increases and
thereby leading to increase in base shear. From analysis, it is found that time period for bare frame model
is almost 90 to 135 percent more, when compared to other models. By Prashant D1, Dr. Jagadish Kori G2.
1.1 Background
Nonlinear static (pushover) Analysis has been superior in excess of the history 20 years & has now
develop into the most selected Analysis technique for Design & seismic presentation estimation purposes
because this put into practice is comparatively simple & considers post- elastic performance. On the other
hand, this technique includes confident approximations & simplifications due to which some amount of
variation is always possible to survive i.e., to exists in the seismic demand estimation of pushover analysis.
1.2Concept of pushover analysis
A Pushover (Non Linear) Analysis is presented by been subjected a construction to a monotonically rising
prototype of tangential load, on behalf of Inertial Forces which would exist skilled through construction
when subject towards the ground quaking. Beneath incrementally rising weights a variety of structured
fundamentals can yield in sequence accordingly. At each event, the constructions experience a defeat in
rigidity. By means of Pushover (Non Linear) analysis, a excellence non-linear Force Displacement
connection be able to determined.
Unlike Forces Distributions can be used to symbolize the Earthquake loads strength. If a Pushover
(Non Linear) Analysis is in conditions about Response Demand vs. Capacity. Whether Demand curvature
intersects capacity envelope lock to stretchy range, (Figure a), subsequent to that construction has a high-
quality confrontation. Whether the Demand Curve intersect the Capacity Curve by means of minute

Static Linear and Non Linear (Pushover) Analysis
preserve about strength & deformation capacity, (fig: b)
construction resolve act badly throu
Retrofitted to keep away from the
1.3. PLASTIC HINGES
Plastic hinges are failure points at which the rotation reaches infinity, there by which the struc
fails resulting in structural collapse. In this
direction of location this hinges in earth
PLASTIC HINGE occurrence intended for 3
dislocation Levels. Hinging Patterns be situated
to pattern intended for 3 Building be fairly parallel
Beam Ends & Base Columns about Lower Stories, after that Propagates in the direction of higher Stories &
carry on by means of elasticity about
occurs on proceedings ‘B’, ‘IO’ &
there inadequate.(As per FIG: 3)
Figure 1 Configuration of plastic Hinges in Building at
Figure 2 Hinges Patterns Five Story Building Intended For Dissimilar Dislocation Levels
n Linear (Pushover) Analysis of RC Building On Sloping Grounds On Medium Soils In
Different Zones
preserve about strength & deformation capacity, (fig: b), after that it be able to
construction resolve act badly throughout the compulsory seismic excitation &
prospect main injure otherwise fall down.
Plastic hinges are failure points at which the rotation reaches infinity, there by which the struc
fails resulting in structural collapse. In this Non-linear (pushover) Static Analysis the objective is
direction of location this hinges in earthquake retaining structural members for different incremental loads
occurrence intended for 3 Building mechanism has be
Hinging Patterns be situated in fig 2, 3 & 4. Relationship about
uilding be fairly parallel. PLASTIC HINGES occurrences Starts by means of
about center middle columns inside higher stories.
n proceedings ‘B’, ‘IO’ & ‘LS’ correspondingly, quantity about harm inside 3
Configuration of plastic Hinges in Building at what time it is subjected to Pushover
Mechanisms
Hinges Patterns Five Story Building Intended For Dissimilar Dislocation Levels
Building On Sloping Grounds On Medium Soils In
editor@iaeme.com
, after that it be able to done so as to that
he compulsory seismic excitation & need on the way to
Plastic hinges are failure points at which the rotation reaches infinity, there by which the structural member
nalysis the objective is in the
quake retaining structural members for different incremental loads.
uilding mechanism has being obtaining on dissimilar
about fig 2, 3 & 4 reveal so as
GES occurrences Starts by means of
center middle columns inside higher stories. Other than as elasticity
quantity about harm inside 3 Buildings are be
what time it is subjected to Pushover Plastic Hinge
Hinges Patterns Five Story Building Intended For Dissimilar Dislocation Levels

Figure 3 Buildings on sloping grounds with different sloping angles
1.4. BASE ISOLATION
It is too recognized as Seismic Base Isolation, be single about trendiest means of caring the building from
Earthquake forces. It’s be the group about structural fundamentals whose be supposed to considerably de-
couple a super-structure as of Its sub-structure hidden on top of quaking Ground therefore caring a
Building or non-Building structures reliability.
1.5. DESCRIPTION OF STRUCTURES
The structure chosen is of type setback –step back which is 4 to 7-storied with distinct hill slopes varying
from 00
to 400
degrees. The occurrence of abrupt lessening of the lateral dimension of the building at exact
levels of the elevation. This building class is known as ‘setback and step back building’. The structure
substance in which is chosen subjected to less torsion effect. (As per TABLE-2) & (As per FIG-4).
Table 1 Types of Seismic Analysis Methods
Type Usual name Dynamic Effects Material Non-linearity
Linear static Similarly Static No No
Static Linear Dynamic Response Spectrum Yes No
Non-Linear Static Pushover Analysis No Yes
Non-Linear Dynamic Time History Yes Yes
2. OBJECTIVES
The purpose about job is on the way to learn linear & nonlinear (PUSHOVER) action and performance
of building frame on sloping ground depending on various hill slopes of medium soil & number of stories.
The objective is as follows:
1. To learn the difference of Base shear, Displacement, Drifts w.r.t variation in various hill slopes of medium
soil.
2. To learn the Target displacement, Performance i.e., Plastic hinge formation in various hilly slopes. And
finding the angle that subjected to less torsion & which is safe in increasing the height of building.
3. An isolated bearing is used to reduce the earthquake effect on the building & finding hinges when it is
subjected to pushover (Non Linear) analysis.
4-BAY 00
4-BAY 16.320
4-BAY 21.580
4-BAY 26.560 4-BAY 31.560

Static Linear and Non Linear (Pushover) Analysis of RC Building On Sloping Grounds On Medium Soils In
Different Zones
3. METHODOLOGY
3.1. SCOPE ABOUT CURRENT STUDY
In the current study, the frame is modeling & analyzed of the RCC frame beneath the gravity & earthquake
loads & applying pushover (Non Linear) analysis using ETABS software. From this we can study load
deformation curves, the target displacement & hinges formation at different stages.
Analysis & Design together pressure seismic activity presentation about Buildings. Understanding the
seismic performance is achievable not more than all the way through appropriate Analyses about Building
so as to captures every one of behavioral proceedings likely inside the Buildings throughout Earth-quakes.
In addition to calculating seismic performance it is likely simply throughout realistic design so as to ensure
every behavioral event measured inside the building throughout Analysis. Designed for a innovative
building, design must duplicate Analysis performed, & for assessing an obtaining Building, Analysis must
assess design performed.
3.2. Structure Earth quake analysis
• Linear Static method
• Linear dynamic method
o Response Spectrum method
o Time history method
• Nonlinear Static (Pushover analysis) method
• Nonlinear dynamic method
As per IS-1893:2002, Methods Adopted are
• Equivalent Static Lateral Force (or) Seismic Coefficient technique
• Response Spectrum technique
• Time history technique
3.3. ANALYSIS METHODS
Static Analysis Techniques be generally classifies because of Linear Static & non-linear (PUSHOVER)
Static Analysis. In linear static analysis will make the effect of the superior modes of shaking & the real
sharing of forces in the elastic range i.e., Which Response of Buildings are unspecified while linear
stretchy way .This Analysis be passed elsewhere at the same time as per IS: 1893-2002(Part-1) Non-linear
Static (PUSHOVER) Analysis be an development in excess of Linear Static & Linear Dynamic Analysis in
the sense i.e., It allow the in-elastic performance about construction. The non-linear (PUSHOVER)
Analysis about construction be Iterative technique .This is Depends on top of concluding dislocation,
while efficient damp depending on top of hysteric force defeat owing towards in-elastic deformation ‘h’
inside twist depending on the concluding dislocation. This makes the Analysis method Iterative. Trouble
inside result is face close to final loads, while rigidity Matrix on This end becoming harmful specific
owing towards unsteadiness about construction becoming a device. SOFTWARE obtainable towards
performing non-linear (PUSHOVER) Static Analysis as ETABS, (Extended Three Dimensional Building
System) & structural analysis program limited constituent Program so as to Works by means of
multifaceted Geometry & monitor deformations on every hinge towards conclude final de-formation. It has
fitted default intended for ACI-318 substance property and ATC40 & FEMA-273 Hinge property. Too It
have being ability intended for inputting every substance otherwise Hinge Property. E-TABS deal by
means of Buildings simply. The Analysis in E-TABS Involves subsequent 4 steps:

N.V. Mohanakrishna and C
Step. 1. Modeling, 2.Linear static A
Chart explains the Curve force v/s.
1. End (A) correspond in the direction of unload
2. End (B) represent elasticity about
3. Ordinate on (C) correspond in the direction of supposed force and A
direction of de-formation on Which important force
4. Drop as of (C) in the direction of
direction of horizontal weights
5. Remaining conflict as of (D)
Gravity weights. Away from end
Longer be there continued.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSI
(As per FIGURES—4, 5, 6,7, &8 and TABLE
4-BAY when we use only fixed supports
Figure
Modeling, 2.Linear static Analysis, 3.Designing, 4.PUSHOVER (Non Line
/s. deformation
in the direction of unloading situation.
about constituent.
Ordinate on (C) correspond in the direction of supposed force and Abscissa on (C) correspond in the
formation on Which important force dreadful conditions begin.
in the direction of (D) represent primary breakdown about constituent and conflict in the
horizontal weights outside end (C) be more often than not undependable.
) in the direction of (E) allow Frame fundamentals in the direction of maintain
way from end (E), greatest Deformation ability, Gravity weight
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
5, 6,7, &8 and TABLE—3)
DRIFTS
BAY when we use only fixed supports 4-bay when we are using isolated bearing
igure 4 Results From Linear Static Analysis
editor@iaeme.com
4.PUSHOVER (Non Linear) Analysis.
scissa on (C) correspond in the
dreadful conditions begin.
represent primary breakdown about constituent and conflict in the
be more often than not undependable.
rame fundamentals in the direction of maintain
, Gravity weight be able to rejection
bay when we are using isolated bearing

Static Linear and Non Linear (Pushover) Analysis
Figure 5 4
Figure 6: 4
Figure 7 Pushover Curve In X
n Linear (Pushover) Analysis of RC Building On Sloping Grounds On Medium Soils In
Different Zones
4 Bay Displacements When We Use Fixed Supports
4 Bay Displacements When We Use Isolated Bearings
Pushover Curve In X- Direction Figure 8 Hinge Performances
Building On Sloping Grounds On Medium Soils In
editor@iaeme.com
Bay Displacements When We Use Fixed Supports
Bay Displacements When We Use Isolated Bearings
Hinge Performances Of Structures

Table 2 Complete information about Buildings
Common particulars about Building
Number about Story 4 to 7
Storey Height Floor to Floor Height=3.5mts
Plinth Height=1.75mts
Frame system of Building OMRF
Model of concrete Floors Rigid
Building use Commercial Building
Foundation type Stepped
Seismic Zone III , IV , V
Type of soil MEDIUM SOIL
Material Properties
Concrete Grade M40
Steel Grade 500 N/mm2
Young’s Modulus E of M40 5000√fck
Concrete Density 25 KN/cub-m
Poison’s ratio of concrete 0.2
Density of Brick masonary 20 KN/m3
Construction members
Slab thickness 0.15mts
All Beam size For 4 storied=0.23*0.45 m
For 5 storied=0.30*0.45 m
All Column size For 4 storied=0.23*0.50 m
For 5 storied=0.30*0.50 m
Wall Thickness full Brick Wall=00.23 m
half Brick Wall=00.115 mt
Unspecified lifeless weight Intensities
Floor Finish (FF) 1.5KN/cub-m
Live load 3KN/cub-m
earthquake (LL) top of slab like per section 7.3.1. & 7.3.2. about IS: 189- (part-1)-2002
Top load 00 kn/Sq-mt
Bottom load 00.25 x 3.0 = 00.75 kN/Sq-m
EARTHQUAKE PARAMETERS
Time period T 0.09h/√d
Impedence factor 1
Sa/g 1/T,2.50
Reduction Factor 3
Load cases for Non-Linear (Pushover) Analysis
(Non
Linear)
Pushover
cases
NAMES LOADS Controlling
through
Forces &
Displacements1 Gravity DL+0.25LL
2 PUSH X EQ X
3 PUSH Y EQ Y Displacements

Static Linear and Non Linear (Pushover) Analysis of RC Building On Sloping Grounds On Medium Soils In
Different Zones
• The Forces in X-direction is more successful than in Y-direction.
• The Displacement is more in the Medium Soils than in Rock soils.
• In the medium type soils 6th
storey is the peak storey for resistance by using isolated bearings.
• The storey drift in any storey should be a minimum partial load factor of 1shall not exceed 0.006 times the
storey height.
• In the 4th
storey when the structure was in the normal condition the maximum target displacement(117mm)
and the maximum base shear (533.36kn) has been decreased when the isolated bearings are introduced to
the structure , hence the maximum target displacement (108mm) and maximum base shear (531kn).
• In the 5th
storey when the structure was in the normal condition the maximum target displacement (129mm)
and the maximum base shear (681kn) has been decreased when the isolated bearings are introduced to the
structure , hence the maximum target displacement (119mm) and maximum base shear (680.05kn).
5. CONCLUSIONS
1. The performance of RCC frames was investigated by means of the (Non Linear) pushover analysis.
2. From this analysis the observations are as the angle of slope increases base shear increases and displacement
decreases.
3. The base shear acts more in longitudinal direction than in transverse direction.
4. These observations are reduced i.e., displacement, drifts and the large forces it can resist when we are using
isolated bearings at supports at it varies upto nearly 10%.
5. From this we observed that for 16.32, 21.58, 26.56, 31.56 degrees are safe upto 5- bay .But as the bay
increases more no of hinges are to be formed and subjected to collapse region.
REFERENCES
[1] ATC-40: Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Concrete Buildings.
[2] FEMA-356: Pre-standard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of the Buildings.
[3] Nonlinear static pushover analysis of irregular space frame structure , Govind M1, Kiran K. Shetty2, K.
Anil Hegde3 1M. Tech Final Year (Structures), Department of civil engineering, M.I.T Manipal,
Karnataka, India 2Associate Professor (senior scale), Department of civil engineering, M.I.T Manipal
Karnataka, India 3Senior Structural Consultant, Vimal Anil Structural Consultants, Mangalore,
Karnataka, India
[4] Seismic Analysis of Buildings Resting on Sloping Ground with Varying Number of Bays and Hill
Slopes. Dr. S. A. Halkude1, Mr. M. G. Kalyanshetti2, Mr. V. D. Ingle3 (Civil Engg. Dept. W. I. T.
Solapur, University, India)
[5] Pushover analysis of unsymmetrical framed structures on sloping Ground 1n. Jitendra babu, 2k.V.G.D
balaji & 3s.S.S.V gopalaraju 1Assistant professor, k l university, Guntur, India 2professor, Gitam
university, Visakhapatnam - 530 045, Andhra Pradesh, India 3professor & head Gitam university,
Hyderabad, India
[6] Effect of Irregular Configurations on Seismic Vulnerability of RC Buildings Ravikumar C M1,*, Babu
Narayan K S1, Sujith B V2, Venkat Reddy D1 1Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of
Technology, Surathkal, 575025, India 2Department of Studies in Civil Engineering, U.B.D.T College of
Engineering, Davangere, 577004, India cmravibdt@gmail.com, sujithbv@gmail.com
[7] Seismic analysis of buildings resting on sloping Ground by B.GBirajdar1, S.S.Nalawade2.
[8] Effects of plastic hinge properties in nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete buildings by Mehmet
Intel, Hayri Baytan Ozmen. Dept of Civil Engineering Pamukkale University.
[9] Pankaj Agarwal –Earthquake Resistant Design Of Structure A.K.Chopra-Dynamics of Structures

[10] Numerical Analysis of Seismic Elastomeric Isolation Bearing in the Base-Isolated Building by M.
Jabbareh Asl, M. M. Rahman, A. Karbakhsh from Islamic Azad University, Kerman Branch, Kerman,
Iran
[11] IS1893-2002 Part1; Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of structures
[12] IS456-2000; Plain & Reinforced Concrete Code of Practice.

STATIC LINEAR AND NON LINEAR (PUSHOVER) ANALYSIS OF RC BUILDING ON SLOPING GROUNDS ON MEDIUM SOILS IN DIFFERENT ZONES

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STATIC LINEAR AND NON LINEAR (PUSHOVER) ANALYSIS OF RC BUILDING ON SLOPING GROUNDS ON MEDIUM SOILS IN DIFFERENT ZONES