Objectives: This study is to identify the effect of parameter such as Activator ratio thataffects the properties of alkali activated fly ash Methodology: To achieve the above objectives, the present investigation is adopted atechnology that is currently in use to manufacture and to test themain aim of this activity was to facilitate promotion of newmaterials later on to the concreteindustry. Research variable included activator ratio (1:2, 1:2.5, and 1:3). The trial mix isprepared for the molarity of 16 M. Concrete specimens were cured at roresponse variables are Flexural strength, Compressive strength and Split tensile strength.Findings: Test data are used to identify the variation ofGeopolymer concrete propertieswhich are affected by using of various activator ratios and curing period. At all ages, theactivator ratio 1:3 gives maximum strength and also economical when compared to otheractivator ratios. There is substantial gain incompressive strength of fly ash geopolymerconcrete with age.Improvements:Thisworkcan beenhancedforvariousmolaritiesundervarioustemperaturesandvariousactivator ratios.

1. http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2017, pp.
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976
© IAEME Publication Scopus
A STUDY ON REPLACEME
PG Student, Civil Engineering
Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department,
ABSTRACT
Background/Objectives: Water utilisation is the major technological trend in today’s era.
India is one of the leading producers of rice and one of its by product rice husk that is obtained
during its processing is used mostly as fuel in boilers. With
concept of new development and thinking, the present paper is done by replacement of cement
with rise husk ash (RHA) partially which is an environmental threat is being introduced to
concrete mix to reduce the land damage. Addition of RHA may influe
Findings: Concrete mix with different percentages of RHA (i.e., 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%,
20%&25%) the grade used is M25and strength of 7days and 28days are determined by the
codal provision. Applications/Improvements:
main concept of using RHA is economical.
in near future has a wide range of importance will exist.
Key words: Rice husk ash, OPC, Mechanical properties.
Cite this Article: Ch. Eka Sai
Rice Husk Ash. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology
723–727.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1
1. INTRODUCTION
Cement is one of the main ingredient of Concrete. Cement is responsible for 5% of global warming.
During manufacturing of cement, one of the green house gases CO
minimized by using pozzolonas as replacement of cement. Some of the research
use industrial wastes such as fly ash, ggbs etc and agro waste like rice husk ash, sugar cane bagasse
ash, ground nut shell ash etc were replaced in cement partially. Various researchers had proved rice
husk having good pozzolonic properties. India is the second largest country producing rice. Rice husk
is the by product obtained in rice mills. Nearly 20
grains. Around 20 million tonnes of Rice husk ash is obtained per annum. Its dispo
IJCIET/index.asp 723
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2017, pp. 723–727 Article ID: IJCIET_08_01_085
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1
6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
Scopus Indexed
A STUDY ON REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH
RICE HUSK ASH
Ch. Eka Sai Kumar
PG Student, Civil Engineering Department,
K L University, A. P, India
V. Raju
Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department,
K L University, A. P, India
Water utilisation is the major technological trend in today’s era.
India is one of the leading producers of rice and one of its by product rice husk that is obtained
during its processing is used mostly as fuel in boilers. With Methods/ Statistical analysi
concept of new development and thinking, the present paper is done by replacement of cement
with rise husk ash (RHA) partially which is an environmental threat is being introduced to
concrete mix to reduce the land damage. Addition of RHA may influe
Concrete mix with different percentages of RHA (i.e., 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%,
20%&25%) the grade used is M25and strength of 7days and 28days are determined by the
Applications/Improvements: The strength properties ar
main concept of using RHA is economical. In present scenario it may be a unique concept but
in near future has a wide range of importance will exist.
: Rice husk ash, OPC, Mechanical properties.
Ch. Eka Sai Kumar and V. Raju, A Study on Replacement of Cement with
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1
the main ingredient of Concrete. Cement is responsible for 5% of global warming.
During manufacturing of cement, one of the green house gases CO2 is emitted. This problem can be
minimized by using pozzolonas as replacement of cement. Some of the research
use industrial wastes such as fly ash, ggbs etc and agro waste like rice husk ash, sugar cane bagasse
ash, ground nut shell ash etc were replaced in cement partially. Various researchers had proved rice
perties. India is the second largest country producing rice. Rice husk
is the by product obtained in rice mills. Nearly 20-30% of Rice husk is obtained for one tonne of rice
grains. Around 20 million tonnes of Rice husk ash is obtained per annum. Its dispo
editor@iaeme.com
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1
NT OF CEMENT WITH
Water utilisation is the major technological trend in today’s era.
India is one of the leading producers of rice and one of its by product rice husk that is obtained
Statistical analysis: The
concept of new development and thinking, the present paper is done by replacement of cement
with rise husk ash (RHA) partially which is an environmental threat is being introduced to
concrete mix to reduce the land damage. Addition of RHA may influence it properties.
Concrete mix with different percentages of RHA (i.e., 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%,
20%&25%) the grade used is M25and strength of 7days and 28days are determined by the
The strength properties are calculated. The
In present scenario it may be a unique concept but
A Study on Replacement of Cement with
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 2017, pp.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1
the main ingredient of Concrete. Cement is responsible for 5% of global warming.
is emitted. This problem can be
minimized by using pozzolonas as replacement of cement. Some of the research works are on going to
use industrial wastes such as fly ash, ggbs etc and agro waste like rice husk ash, sugar cane bagasse
ash, ground nut shell ash etc were replaced in cement partially. Various researchers had proved rice
perties. India is the second largest country producing rice. Rice husk
30% of Rice husk is obtained for one tonne of rice
grains. Around 20 million tonnes of Rice husk ash is obtained per annum. Its disposal is creating lot of

2. Ch. Eka Sai Kumar and V. Raju
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 724 editor@iaeme.com
problems. When it is burned, the obtained material is known as RHA. RHA contains SiO2of nearly 80-
90% responsible for having pozzolonic properties.
In this experimental work rice husk ash replaces cement partially at different proportions such as
0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Tests are conducted on hardened concrete.
2. OBJECTIVES
The primary objectives of the study are
• the practicability of utilizing the Rice Husk Ash in concrete production as partial replacement of cement
• to determine the amount of RHA that can be partially replaced with cement.
3. METHODOLOGY
3.1. MATERIALS
• Cement: Ordinary Portland cement of grade 53 confirmed to requirements of IS: 1229-1987 with
specific gravity of 3.15.
• Fine aggregate: Locally available river sand satisfying requirement of IS: 383-1980. Specific gravity is
2.58
• Coarse aggregate: Crushed angular aggregate of nominal size 20mm.specific gravity is 2.80
• Water: Water confirming to IS 456-2009
• Rice husk ash: Collected from Guntur rice mill. It is burned under controlled temperature and sieved
by 150 micron sieve. Specific gravity is 2.05.
3.2 Mix design
Mix design is done as per IS:10262. The mix proportion taken is 1:1:2 with water cement ratio of 0.42
3.3 Casting
A total of 108 specimens are casted where 36 specimens are cubes, 36 specimens are beams and 36
specimens are cylinders and left for 24 hours respectively.
3.4 Curing
After 24 hours of casting concrete mix samples are removed from moulds and cured for 7and 28 days.
3.5 Testing
The strength tests i.e., compression test, split tensile test, flexural test conducted for 7days and 28 days
as per Indian Standards.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
As per IS standards tests are conducted such as compression test, split tensile test and flexural test.
After conducting tests the average of three samples are noted in tables and plotted in graphs for
percentages of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% which are as shown in graphs (figure1, 2, 3) below
for 7 days and 28 days

3. A Study on Replacement of Cement with Rice Husk Ash
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 725 editor@iaeme.com
Table 1 Chemical composition of RHA
Component % of composition
SiO2 86.91
Al2O3 0.5
Fe2O3 0.87
CaO 1.04
MgO 0.85
Na2O 0.69
K2O 3.16
Table 2 Compressive strength in N/mm2
0% 5%, 10% 15%, 20% 25%,
7 days 19.78 21.97 24.89 17.82 15.75 8.26
28 days 31.75 35.78 32.78 24.48 22.15 14.46
Table 3 Split tensile strength in N/mm2
0% 5%, 10% 15%, 20% 25%,
7 days 1.40 1.97 2.39 1.03 0.7 0.36
28 days 2.34 2.96 3.38 1.59 1.26 0.81
Table 4 Flexural strength in N/mm2
0% 5%, 10% 15%, 20% 25%,
7 days 2.3 2.95 2.45 2.07 1.15 1.04
28 days 3 4.25 3.75 3.37 2.25 2.05

4. Ch. Eka Sai Kumar and V. Raju
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 726 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 1 Compressive strength for 7 and 28 days
Figure 2 Split tensile strength for 7 and 28 days
Figure 3 Flexural strength for 7 and 28 days
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%
FlexuralstrengthinN/mm2
% of cement replaced with RHA
7 days
28 days
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%
compresivestrength(N/mm2)
% of cement repaced with RHA
7 days
28 days
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%
splittensiletensilestrength(N/mm2)
% of cement replaced with RHA
7 days
28 days

5. A Study on Replacement of Cement with Rice Husk Ash
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 727 editor@iaeme.com
5. CONCLUSIONS
Following are the outcomes drawn from the above study:
• Cement can be replaced with RHA up to range of 0-15%.
• It is clearly shown that RHA has the prospective to be used as partial replacement material for cement
as it has pozzolanic properties
• The problem of disposal of RHA is reduced.
• The greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced up to a major extent by replacing OPC with RHA in
concrete
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