2. DEFINATION
An operating system (OS) is system software that
manages computer hardware and software resources
and provides common services for computer
programs. The operating system is a component of
the system software in a computer system. Application
programs usually require an operating system to
function.
3. FUNCTIONS OF O.S
Interface:- It act as an interface between user
and hardware. The computer hardware does not
understand the human language it understand
only binary language which is in the form of 0
or 1 . It is the responsibility of the operating
system to convert human language into binary
language and vice-versa.
4. âą Memory Management:-It is the most critical job for the operating
system to manage the memory. The OS decides the which file will
be stored at which location in the memory. Both primary memory
and secondary memory are under the control of Operating
System.
âą Peripheral Management:- The OS also manages the input output
devices which are connected to the computer. There are many
input output devices which are under the control of Operating
System.
âą Process Management:- The Operating System also Treats the
Process Management means all the Processes those are given by
the user or the Process those are System âs own Process are
Handled by the Operating System . The Operating System will
Create the Priorities foe the user and also Start or Stops the
Execution of the Process and Also Makes the Child Process after
dividing the Large Processes into the Small Processes.
5. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM
Basically there are two types of operating system
1.Networking Operating System
2.Client Operating System
6. NETWORKING OPERATING SYSTEM
Networking operating system provides services to the client operating
system such as file services, printer services, email services and
internet services. For example:- window server 2000, window server
2003 and window server 2008
7. CLIENT OPERATING SYSTEM
Client operating system takes the services from the networking
operating system such as Internet services, Email and more.
Example: window XP, window vista, window7, window 8, window 10
8.
9.
10. TYPES OF OPERATING
SYSTEM
1) SINGLE TASKING OR SERIAL PROCESSING
2) BATCH
3) MULTITASKING OR MULTIPROCESSOR
4) TIME SHARING
5) REAL TIME
6) DISTRIBUTED
7) NETWORKING
11. SINGLE TASKING OR SERIAL
PROCESSING
In this type of Operating System the system can
process only one application in one time. In this
type of Operating System the other application
will start only when the first application process
was not completed. For example, if we are
entering the data in a text file we can not bring
or use the bring command to bring some other
file. For example, MS-DOS is a single tasking
Operating System. This single Tasking
Operating System are better performance as
12. BATCH OPERATING SYSTEM
The users of a batch operating system do not
interact with the computer directly. Each user
prepares his job on an off-line device like
punch cards and submits it to the computer
operator. To speed up processing, jobs with
similar needs are batched together and run as a
group. The programmers leave their programs
with the operator and the operator then sorts
the programs with similar requirements into
batches.
13. MULTITASKING OR
MULTIPROCESSOR
Multitasking, in an operating system, is allowing a user to
perform more than one computer task (such as the operation of
an application program) at a time. The operating system is able
to keep track of where you are in these tasks and go from one
to the other without losing information. For example, When you
open your Web browser and then open Word at the same time,
you are causing the operating system to do multitasking.
Being able to do multitasking doesn't mean that an unlimited
number of tasks can be juggled at the same time. Each task
consumes system storage and other resources. As more tasks
are started, the system may slow down or begin to run out of
shared storage.
14. TIME SHARING OPERATING
SYSTEM
Time-sharing is a technique which enables many
people, located at various terminals, to use a particular
computer system at the same time. Time-sharing or
multitasking is a logical extension of
multiprogramming. Processor's time which is shared
among multiple users simultaneously is termed as
time-sharing.
The main difference between Multiprogrammed and
Time-Sharing Systems is that in case of
Multiprogrammed, the objective is to maximize
processor use, whereas in Time-Sharing Systems, the
15. REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM
Real-time systems are used when there are rigid time requirements
on the operation of a processor or the flow of data and real-time
systems can be used as a control device in a dedicated application. A
real-time operating system must have well-defined, fixed time
constraints, otherwise the system will fail. For example, Scientific
experiments, medical imaging systems, industrial control systems,
weapon systems, robots, air traffic control systems, etc.
There are two types of real-time operating systems.
1. Hard real-time systems
2. Soft real-time systems
16. Hard real-time systems:-
Hard real-time systems guarantee that critical tasks
complete on time. In hard real-time systems, secondary
storage is limited or missing and the data is stored in
ROM. In these systems, virtual memory is almost never
found.
Soft real-time systems:-
Soft real-time systems are less restrictive. A critical
real-time task gets priority over other tasks and retains
the priority until it completes. Soft real-time systems
have limited utility than hard real-time systems. For
example, multimedia, virtual reality, Advanced Scientific
Projects like undersea exploration and planetary rovers,
17. DISTRIBUTED OPERATING SYSTEM
This are the system that depends upon
network to deliver their functionality to
user. The processors communicate with
one another through various
communication lines (such as high-speed
buses or telephone lines). These are
referred as loosely coupled systems or
distributed systems. Processors in a
distributed system may vary in size and
18. NETWORKING OPERATING SYSTEM
A Network Operating System runs on a server and
provides the server the capability to manage data,
users, groups, security, applications, and other
networking functions. The primary purpose of the
network operating system is to allow shared file and
printer access among multiple computers in a
network, typically a local area network (LAN), a private
network or to other networks.
Examples of network operating systems include
Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Microsoft Windows
Server 2008, UNIX, Linux, Mac OS X, Novell NetWare,
