Design and its objectives; Design constraints, Design functions, Design means and Design from; Role of Science, Engineering and Technology in design; Engineering as a business proposition; Functional and Strength Designs. Design form, function and strength; How to initiate creative designs Initiating the thinking process for designing a product of daily use. Need identification; Problem Statement; Market survey‐customer requirements; Design attributes and objectives; Ideation; Brain storming approaches; arriving at solutions; Closing on to the Design needs. Project: An Exercise in the process of design initiation. A simple problem is to be taken up to examine different solutions

1. Engineering and Design
Dr. C.V. Suresh Babu

2. • Design and its objectives;
• Design constraints, Design functions, Design means
and Design from;
• Role of Science, Engineering and Technology in
design;
• Engineering as a business proposition;
• Functional and Strength Designs.
• How to initiate creative designs Initiating the
thinking process for designing a product of daily use.
• Project

3. Engineering design is a
systematic, intelligent
process in which
designers generate,
evaluate and specify
designs for devices,
systems or processes
whose form(s) and
function(s) achieve
client’s objectives and
users’ needs while
satisfying a specific
set of constraints.

4. Design constraints, Design functions, Design
means and Design from;

5. Role of Science, Engineering and Technology
in design;

6. Engineering as a business proposition;

7. Functional and Strength Designs.
• Design form, function and strength;

8. How to initiate creative designs
• Initiating the thinking process for designing a product of daily use.
• Need identification; Problem Statement;
• Market survey‐customer requirements;
• Design attributes and objectives;
• Ideation;
• Brain storming approaches;
• arriving at solutions; Closing on to the Design needs.

9. Project
• An Exercise in the process of design initiation. A simple problem is to
be taken up to examine different solutions

15. THE ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS
• Focus herein will be on product design, however much of what is
presented is just as applicable to the design of processes
• The design process is often combined/confused with product
development - it is difficult to distinguish where design ends and
development begins
• Stages/phases in the design/development process begin with
recognition of customer needs/wants through to production (first
article)

16. RECOGNITION OF NEEDS/WANTS
• The needs/wants are subjective and dependent on the customer
(consumer, company, government)
• How does one become aware of the needs/wants? - marketing,
publications ongoing customer relationships, ...

17. DETERMINATION OF DESIGN CONCERNS
•Design concerns are defined by the customer and consist of design
requirements (needs) and design goals (wants)
•The engineer must translate, what is often times, qualitative needs/wants of
the customer into quantitative and measurable design requirements and
goals
•Distinction between design requirements and design goals
• design requirements - must be met for the design to be considered a possible solution
(yes or no)
• design goals - features desirable in the design - the closer the design is to achieving the
goals the better the design (better or worse)

18. IN THE DESIGN OF A BICYCLE
• Design requirement - strength: The bike must support the weight of
the rider (with a reasonable factor of safety) without failing. The
rider doesn't care if the bike can support twice that weight. All the
rider cares about is that the bike doesn't break when he/she rides it.
The rider will not look upon the design which is able to support twice
his/her weight with any additional favor.
• Design goal - weight: The bike should be lightweight. Given
everything else is the same, if one bike weighs 20 lb and another bike
weighs 15 lb, the rider will prefer the design which weighs 15 lb

19. CAN A DESIGN CONCERN BE BOTH A
REQUIREMENT AND A GOAL?
• Although not typical, a design concern may be both a requirement
and a goal
• a product may have specific regulations governing a design concern (a design
requirement), however, for that same design concern the customer may
desire the product go beyond the regulation (a design goal)
• i.e. automobile crash safety

20. THE BEST SOLUTION
•A possible solution to a design problem meets all of the design
requirements
•The one possible solution which is superior with respect to the design goals
is the best solution
•There can be many possible solutions to a design problem, but only one of
those possible solutions is the best solution
•The best solution will be the design of choice (will be the one selected by
the customer, will receive the contract award in an industry setting)

21. unacceptable solutions
do not comply with all design requirements
possible solutions
comply with all design requirements
best solution
complies with all design requirements
superior with respect to design goals

22. THE NEXT THREE STEPS IN THE
DESIGN PROCESS ARE ITERATIVE
AND THE ORDER MAY BE ALTERED
•Development of preliminary design concepts
•Perform analyses (confirm the design concepts comply
with the design requirements and quantify the design
concepts with respect to the design goals)
•Application of some decision theory/process to determine
which design concept is the best solution
• in order to be considered as a possible solution, the design concept
must comply with all the design requirements, therefore the
decision process is applicable only to the design goals
• the decision process can take the form of a simple matrix where
the performance of each of the design concepts with respect to the
design goals is compared

23. • The analyses may lead to revision of the design concepts or possibly,
some combining of design concepts. If that is the case, then the
revised design concepts would need to be analyzed and so on. It may
be preferable to do some evaluation (application of a decision
process) right after development of the design concepts in order to
reduce the amount of detailed analyses necessary.
• The design of choice is the one which meets the design requirements
and is superior with respect to the design goals

24. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
•Stages of product development include:
• product CAD files
• design tooling, tooling CAD files, and fabrication
• fabrication process definition
• quality assurance plan (inspection plan, testing plan)
• fabrication of tool proof/process verification unit
• inspection
• fabrication of qualification test unit
• qualification testing
• fabrication of first article unit
• production
•At stages in the product development process,
redesign of the product may be necessary
•Many stages are done concurrently, rather than
sequentially

25. STEPS IN THE DESIGN/DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS ARE USUALLY CARRIED OUT
IN A TEAM ENVIRONMENT
• The team should include representation from various
functions including: product engineering, manufacturing
engineering, production, quality control, marketing,
program management
• Responsibilities/contribution to the design/development
by each function:
• product engineering: product design, CAD, analysis, …
• manufacturing engineering: fabrication process, tooling design,
CAD, …
• production: fabrication of the product
• quality control: qualification testing, inspection, acceptance
testing, …
• marketing: customer insight (greatest awareness of customer
desires)
• program management: budget, schedule, …