CommunityDentistry Third Year

1. Measuring Periodontal
Diseases
Dr. Afaf Tawati

2. objectives
to learn how to measure gingivitis and
periodontitis.
● to learn about epidemiological methods in
assessing periodontal disease.
● to learn about partial mouth periodontal
measurements.
●

3. Definitions of Gingivitis and Periodontitis
definition of an index

4. how to measure gingivitis:
P-M-A index
Gingival index of Loe and Silness: discription
Why are gingival bleeding indices not
recommended for public health programs?

5. How to measure periodontitis?
- historical indices.
Periodontal Index of Russell and its drawbacks.
periodontal Disease index; Ramfjord teeth.
extent and severity index.
Case definition for Periodontitis

6. How to measure periodontitis?
the use of cytokines in GCF
CPITN

7. Plaque and calculus index
OHI-S; description
PHP; description
Silness & Loe plaque index; description
Volpe-Manhold Index; discription

8. Partial mouth measurements
when to use them and why?
What are the drawbacks of partial mouth
measurements?

9. considerations when using indices
or evaluating studies using indices
1- Studies using different indices should be compared only as to
general findings rather than specifics.
2- An index should be selected according to its ability to evaluate
the variable.
3- Index methodology should not be modified.
4- Plaque indices measuring presence/absence of plaque are for
motivation, while those measuring quantity are for clinical trials and
epidemiological surveys.
5- Full mouth scoring is for clinical use or a small population group,
while simplified indices are more useful for epidemiological studies
and large clinical studies.
6- Examiner intra- and inter- reliability should be established prior
to use.

10. thank you!