Workshop Alpi Biogas - Vorstellung der innovativen Forschungsprojekte zur Nachbehandlung von Gärrest.

1. DEMON technology
for high-strength ammonia liquors
B. Wett and T. Puempel

2. DeammonificationStoichiometry
1 mol NO2
-
1.9 mol O2
1 mol NO3
-
34 g CSBSubstrat→
10 g CSBBiomasse
≈ 60 %
1.4 mol O2
≈ 75 %
1 mol NH4
+
0.44 mol N2
+ 0.11 NO3
-
0.57 mol NO2
-
0.8 mol O2
≈ 40 %
(Anammox)
partial
nitritation
anaerobic ammonia oxidation
autotrophic
nitrite reduction
1.14 mol H+
Cinorganic
0.03 mol H+
Cinorganic
1 mol NO2
-
1.9 mol O2
1 mol NO3
-
34 g CSBSubstrat→
10 g CSBBiomasse
≈ 60 %
1.4 mol O2
≈ 75 %
1 mol NH4
+
0.44 mol N2
+ 0.11 NO3
-
0.57 mol NO2
-
0.8 mol O2
≈ 40 %
(Anammox)
partial
nitritation
anaerobic ammonia oxidation
autotrophic
nitrite reduction
1.14 mol H+
Cinorganic
0.03 mol H+
Cinorganic

3. DeammonificationStoichiometry
0
1
2
3
4
5
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480
influent flow [L/s]
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
DO [mg O2/L]
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480
pH
0
200
400
600
800
1000
0
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
water depth [mm]

4. resource requirements
of sidestream deammonification Strass (DEMON)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
resourcesdemand
[kWh/kgN],[kgVSS/kgN]
specificammoniaload[kgN/m3/d]
specif. NH4-load specific energy spec VSS dosage
Nitritation/Denitritation DEMON

5. N-removal efficiency
of sidestream deammonification Strass (DEMON)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
ammoniaremovalefficiency[%]
specificammoniaload[kgN/m3/d]
specif. NH4-load ammonia removal
Nitritation/Denitritation DEMON

6. Einleitung
Energy self-sufficiency
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Aug.03
Nov.03
Feb.04
May.04
Aug.04
Nov.04
Feb.05
May.05
Aug.05
Nov.05
Feb.06
May.06
Aug.06
Nov.06
Feb.07
May.07
Aug.07
Nov.07
Wh/PE
0
25
50
75
100
125
%production [Wh/PE] consumption [Wh/PE] self-sufficiency [%]
ImplementationDEMON

7. Cofermentationat WWTP Strass
- with cofermentationof food wastes
- degree of self-sufficiency up to 200%
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Aug.03
Nov.03
Feb.04
May.04
Aug.04
Nov.04
Feb.05
May.05
Aug.05
Nov.05
Feb.06
May.06
Aug.06
Nov.06
Feb.07
May.07
Aug.07
Nov.07
Feb.08
May.08
Aug.08
Nov.08
Feb.09
May.09
Aug.09
Nov.09
%Wh/PE production [Wh/PE] consumption [Wh/PE] self-sufficiency [%]
ImplementationDEMON
co-fermentation

9. FISH image of Demon biomass sample from Strass WWT plant.
no evidence of a comprehensive AOB layer around the granule
AMX granule
(probe Amx820-Cy3)
AOB
(probe Nso1225-Cy5)

10. DEMON-features –
• pH-based process control
• cyclone for anammox enrichment
Side-stream applications: DEMON
2004 2013

11. pH-based process control
Aerationandfilling
Aeration
Stirring
Stirringandfilling
pH
waterlevel
dpH
time
time-band
d t2 d t3 d t4
pH-band
reaction sub-cycle
d t1
water level
DO 1.0
0.5
0.0
7.5 pH
7.0
6.5
General control philosophy of the DEMON® process operating
individual process steps within set bands of pH and time (left)
resulting in stable intermittent aeration pattern (right)

12. cyclone for anammox enrichment
Set-up of a triple DEMON® cyclone configuration (left) selecting for a
high anammox retention time based on density difference between
the flocculant- and the granular sludge fraction

13. Cyclon for selective SRT
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
NH4-N NO3-N NO2-N
N-concentration(mgN/L)
time (min)
cyclone under-flow (recycled) and overflow(wasted)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
NH4-N NO3-N NO2-N
N-concentration(mgN/L)
time (min)

14. Einleitung
Start-up DEMON Heidelberg

15. High alkalinity in landfill leachate
Leachate collection in Bogota
... and in Quito

16. Alkalinity balance – landfill leachate
NH3
NH4
+
+OH-
NOx
-+
H+
N2
digestion
anaerobic
oxidation
aerobic
reduction
anoxic
Σ sum of ions = 0 0 0 0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
1-Jul-07
31-Jul-07
30-Aug-07
29-Sep-07
29-Oct-07
28-Nov-07
28-Dec-07
NH4-N Abl. PRZW [mg/l]
Sickerwasser [m³/d]

17. High COD/N ratio
• High COD concentration
challenges selection to
maintain high SRT for
anammox
• Applications for biowaste
digestion liquors and rejects
from thermal-hydrolyses
plants

18. Feed characterisation and ramp-up of loading
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
% Cambi
% Cambi
NH4-N CODtotal CODsol CODsol NH4-N NO3-N NO2-N Norg,sol
02.07.2010 2340 6000
21.07.2010 2060 7850 5500 1190 127 75 1
26.07.2010 2050 6385 4855 2105 183 82 1.5
02.08.2010 3055 213 127 1.6
09.08.2010 2910 128 51 1.8
10.08.2010 2260 9500 6130
17.08.2010 2350 15650 7200 2590 202 136 0.6 132
CAMBI-liquor effluent
High COD/N ratio – Cambi liquors

19. DC Water
Blue Plains

20. DC Water’s Thermal Hydrolysis and
Anaerobic Digestion

21. Einleitung
Operating temperature

22. Start-up DEMON Pustertal
6.12.2012 – 31.1.2013:7 weeks fromseeding to
end of performance test

23. Performance test DEMON Pustertal: Hydraulic load 10% beyond design
load of 1828 m3/d at HRT of 0.75 days and ammonia removal efficiency
beyond model-prediction of 74% (limited alkalinity in condensate)

24. 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 mg/l
50 mg/l
100 mg/l
150 mg/l
200 mg/l
250 mg/l
300 mg/l
350 mg/l
400 mg/l
450 mg/l
500 mg/l
NH4in NH4-Nout NO3-Nout NO2-Nout
nitrite(mgN/L)
0.00 g/l
0.50 g/l
1.00 g/l
1.50 g/l
2.00 g/l
2.50 g/l
0 mg/l
50 mg/l
100 mg/l
150 mg/l
200 mg/l
250 mg/l
300 mg/l
350 mg/l
400 mg/l
450 mg/l
500 mg/l
filtered CODin filtered CODout TSS (g/l)
During start-up nitrite concentrations never exceeded 10 mgN/L and
leveled off towards the nitrite half-saturation value of 1 mgNO2-N/L
and MLSS-concentration plateaued at 2 g/L

25. Simulated shifts in microbial populations in mgCOD/L during the 7
weeks’ start-up period of the DEMON-plant Pustertal (Italy) showing a
steady enrichment of anammox biomass
Modeled population dynamics

26. DEMON-plant Lavis for leachate treatment

28. 0
50
100
150
200
250
22-Jul 22-Aug 22-Sep 22-Oct 22-Nov 22-Dec
Qd NH4-load
Q(m3/d);L(kgN/d)
phase I
start-up
phase II
COD>>
phase III + IV
COD<<; T<<
Measured daily hydraulic- and ammonia loads of the leachate
treatment system Lavis during the first 6 months of operation

29. Profiles for nitrogen fractions, COD and temperature