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Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) Modeling of Photovoltaics July 2011
Agenda ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Methodology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Functional Unit and reference flow
Functional Unit and reference flow ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Module studied
Data collection  Overall process and sources of data ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Diamant 2.85 mm Planilux 2.95 mm CIS coating Molybdenum Production Plant:  A Transformation Plant:  B Production Plant:  C Transformation Plant:  D Coating Plant:  A Processing and assembling Plant:  Torgau
Modeling  Completeness of the data ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Assumption chosen:  1500km ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Modeling   Structure and methodology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Modeling Focus on the production phase ,[object Object]
Modeling   Focus on the production phase ,[object Object],Diamant 2.85 mm Planilux 2.95 mm CIS coating Molybdenum 0.1.Front Glass 2.85mm (Diamant) Production Plant:  A Transformation Plant:  B Production Plant:  C Transformation Plant:  D Coating Plant:  A 0.Substrate Glass 2.95mm (Planilux) Processing and assembling Plant:  Torgau 1.coating&evaporation 2.wet_coating 3.Oven 4.Structuring 5.Lamination&Connecting 6.Utilities
Modeling   Focus on the production phase ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Modeling   Focus on the production phase ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Modeling  Methodology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Modeling  Hypothesis  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Modeling Modules sources ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Results  Total emissions for the full life cycle ,[object Object],Indicator Value Energy (GJ) 2.244 Water (m³) 0.903 Waste (kg) 34 Greenhouse effect (kg eq. CO2) 150.1 POWERMAX®
Results  Full life cycle:  Primary energy & Greenhouse gases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Impact Primary energy (GJ) Phase PowerMax®  (1 module) Total 2.24 Production 2.22 Transport 0.02 Implementation 0.00 Use  0.00 End of life 0.00 Impact Greenhouse gases (kg eq. CO2) Phase PowerMax®  (1 module) Total 150.124 Production 148.497 Transport 1.604 Implementation 0.000 Use  0.000 End of life 0.023
Results  Full life cycle:  Water consumption and total waste ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Impact Water consumption (m³) Phase PowerMax®  (1 module) Total 0.903 Production 0.901 Transport 0.002 Implementation 0 Use  0 End of life 0 Impact Total waste (kg) Phase PowerMax®  (1 module) Total 33.54 Production 13.93 Transport 0.00 Implementation 0.00 Use  0.00 End of life 19.60
Results  Production phase per  material : Greenhouse gases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Impact Greenhouse gases (kg eq. CO2) Step PowerMax®  (1 module) Total production 148.497 Glass 29.745 Electricity (site) 84.155 Process gas 7.271 Chemicals 0.667 Plastic materials 4.580 CIS metals 1.489 Aluminium 19.247 Packaging 0.816 PVB 0.526 Other 0 Waste & wastewater (site) 0
Results  Production phase per  material : Water consumption ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Impact Water consumption m³ Step PowerMax®  (1 module) Total production 0.901 Glass 0.075 Electricity (site) 0.258 Process gas 0.066 Chemicals 0.004 Plastic materials 0.145 CIS metals 0.028 Aluminium 0.103 Packaging 0.015 PVB 0.001 Other 0.000 Waste & wastewater (site) 0.204
Results  On-site  water consumption and waste production ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Impact Total waste (kg) Total waste Total 13.93 From the site 3.76 Up/dowmstream data 10.170 Impact Water  consumption  (m³) Water consumption Total 0.903 On site 0.204 Up/dowmstream data 0.699
Results  Glass production and transformation phase: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Impact Primary energy (MJ) Planilux Diamant Total 184.89 133.96 Production 141.25 125.18 Transport 11.79 7.64 Coating 30.72 0.00 Cutting 1.14 1.14
Comparison and interpretation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Comparison and interpretation  Variation of parameters ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Distance (km) GhG (kg eq. CO2) Variation 1500 150.1 500 149.1 -1% 3000 151.7 1% Electricity (on site) GhG (kg eq. CO2) Variation Year 2010 150.1 Extrapolation of Feb 2011  142.9 -5%
Comparison and interpretation  Energy PayBack ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Comparison and interpretation  Energy PayBack ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1608/ 984 = 1.63 years Both parameters must be either primary energy or final electricity Energy input during system life cycle Energy output in a year Paris Lyon Marseille Berlin Cologne Munich Annual output* (kWh/kWp) 872 984 1317 839 809 960 Payback time (y) 1.84 1.63 1.22 1.92 1.99 1.68 Payback time (m) 22.1 19.6 14.7 23.0 23.9 20.1
Comparison and interpretation  Energy Return Factor ,[object Object],[object Object],Energy ouput during system operation lifetime Energy input during system life cycle Paris Lyon Marseille Berlin Cologne Munich Annual output* (kWh/kWp) 872 984 1317 839 809 960 Energy Return Factor 13.6 15.3 20.5 13.0 12.6 14.9
Comparison and interpretation  Potential for CO2 Mitigation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Energy output of the PV module during its lifetime (kWh) Electricity CO2 emission factor (kg CO2 / kWh) * Paris Lyon Marseille Berlin Cologne Munich Potential for CO2 mitigation (kg CO2) per PV module 280 316 423 1 480 1 427 1 693
Appendix: Presentation of the deliverables ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Appendix: Definition of the studied indicators Indicator Value Energy (GJ) Energy comes from energetic resources such as petroleum oil, natural gas, uranium, wood, biomass…  The studied indicator is expressed in GJ and measure the quantity of energy resources extracted from the environment, including both used energy for the process and feedstock energy. Water (m³) The water consumption include all water resources drawn from the environment (excluding water from rain and used for cooling). Waste (kg) All human activities generate waste that have to be collected and treated with significant incidence on the environment This indicator allows to follow the quantity of total waste generated along the total life cycle. Greenhouse effect  (kg eq. CO2) This indicator gives the estimate of the effect of warming over time (100 years) of the emissions of certain greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, in comparison with carbon dioxide. It particularly takes into account the "fossil" emissions CO2, N2O (these emissions come, for example, from the combustion of fuel and from natural gas) and CH4 emissions (for example from the fermentation of dumped waste) but does not take into account CO2 "biomass" emissions, resulting for example from the combustion of waste in incinerators. The greenhouse effect is expressed in kg eq. CO2.
Appendix:  Production phase - Focus on Planilux Glass Impact Primary energy (MJ) Phase Planilux Total 184.89 Production 141.25 Transport 11.79 Implementation 30.72 Use  1.14
Appendix:  Production phase - Focus on Diamant Glass Impact Primary energy (MJ) Phase Diamant Total 133.96 Production 125.18 Transport 7.64 Implementation 0.00 Use  1.14
Appendix: Urban PV Applications
Comparisons with multi-crystalline PV modules around the world  OECD study 2006  Appendix
Comparisons with multi-crystalline PV modules around the world (cont‘d)  OECD study 2006 Appendix
Comparisons with multi-crystalline PV modules around the world (cont‘d)  OECD study 2006 Appendix
Comparisons with multi-crystalline PV modules around the world (cont‘d)  OECD study 2006 Appendix

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Lca avancis for icv

  • 1. Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) Modeling of Photovoltaics July 2011
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  • 4. Functional Unit and reference flow
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  • 31. Appendix: Definition of the studied indicators Indicator Value Energy (GJ) Energy comes from energetic resources such as petroleum oil, natural gas, uranium, wood, biomass… The studied indicator is expressed in GJ and measure the quantity of energy resources extracted from the environment, including both used energy for the process and feedstock energy. Water (m³) The water consumption include all water resources drawn from the environment (excluding water from rain and used for cooling). Waste (kg) All human activities generate waste that have to be collected and treated with significant incidence on the environment This indicator allows to follow the quantity of total waste generated along the total life cycle. Greenhouse effect (kg eq. CO2) This indicator gives the estimate of the effect of warming over time (100 years) of the emissions of certain greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, in comparison with carbon dioxide. It particularly takes into account the "fossil" emissions CO2, N2O (these emissions come, for example, from the combustion of fuel and from natural gas) and CH4 emissions (for example from the fermentation of dumped waste) but does not take into account CO2 "biomass" emissions, resulting for example from the combustion of waste in incinerators. The greenhouse effect is expressed in kg eq. CO2.
  • 32. Appendix: Production phase - Focus on Planilux Glass Impact Primary energy (MJ) Phase Planilux Total 184.89 Production 141.25 Transport 11.79 Implementation 30.72 Use 1.14
  • 33. Appendix: Production phase - Focus on Diamant Glass Impact Primary energy (MJ) Phase Diamant Total 133.96 Production 125.18 Transport 7.64 Implementation 0.00 Use 1.14
  • 34. Appendix: Urban PV Applications
  • 35. Comparisons with multi-crystalline PV modules around the world OECD study 2006 Appendix
  • 36. Comparisons with multi-crystalline PV modules around the world (cont‘d) OECD study 2006 Appendix
  • 37. Comparisons with multi-crystalline PV modules around the world (cont‘d) OECD study 2006 Appendix
  • 38. Comparisons with multi-crystalline PV modules around the world (cont‘d) OECD study 2006 Appendix