PowerPoint Presentation on Good Agricultural Practices in cultivation of Medicinal Plants.

1. HERBALDRUGTECHNOLOGY
B.PHARM(6TH SEMESTER)
GONDIACOLLEGEOFPHARMACY
(2021-22)
TOPIC:-GOODAGRICULTURALPRACTICESINCULTIVATIONOF
MEDICINALPLANTS
GUIDEBY:-PROF.PUJAR.BASULE
PREPAREDBY:-HIMANSHUY.LIMJE

2. GOOD
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICES IN
CULTIVATION OF
MEDICINAL
PLANTS
REF:- BIREN
SHAH and
OTHERS.

3. What is GAP:-
Acc. to FAO “collections of
principles to apply for on-farm
production and post production
process, resulting in safe and
healthy food, crop, leave, plant or
agricultural products, while taking
into account economic, social and
environmental sustainability.

4. Depending upon method of
cultivation different SOP’s
should be followed by
cultivators for cultivation.
Every plant according to its
need has their suitable area for
cultivation and SOP’s depend
upon them.

5. • Medicinal and aromatic plants should not be grown in soils which
are contaminated by sludge, so the chemical products used should
be with minimum negative effect as possible, human faces should
be avoided.
• Depending upon the soil fertility and nutritional requirement of
medicinal plants, the type of fertilizer and amount of fertilizers to
be used is determined.

6. • Products for chemical plant protection have to conform to the
European Union’s maximum residue limits.
• Proper irrigation and drainage should be earned out according
to the climatic condition and soil moisture.

7. • The soil used for cultivation should be well aerated.
• The use of pesticides and herbicides has to be documented.
• Irrigation should be minimized as much as possible and only
be applied according to the needs of the plant.

8. • Water used for irrigation should be free from all possible
forms of contaminations and should comply with National
Union Quality Standards.
• The area for cultivation should be strictly prohibited from the
contamination like house garbage, industrial waste, hospital
refuse and feces.

9. Factors affecting cultivation of medicinal
plants :-
Altitude
Soil
Temperature
Rainfall
Soil Fertility
Fertilizers and Manures
Pests and Pests Control

10. Altitude
• Altitude is very important factor in cultivation of medicinal plants.
• Tea, Cinchona and eucalyptus are cultivated favorably at an altitude of 1000-2000
meters.
• Cinnamon and cardamom are grown at height of 500-1000 meters, while senna can be
cultivated at sea level.
• Below we will see the examples of medicinal and aromatic plants indicating the
altitude for their successful cultivation.

11. Altitude for Drug cultivation:-
PLANT ALTITUDE (meters)
Teas 1,000-1,500
Cinchona 1,000-2,000
Camphor 1,500-2,000
Cinnamon 250-1,000
Coffee 1,000-2,000
Clove Up to 900
Saffron Up to 1,250
Cardamom 600-1,600

12. Temperature
• Temperature is a crucial factor controlling the growth, metabolism and thereby
yield of secondary metabolites of plants.
• Even though each species has became adapted to its own natural environment,
they are able to exist in a considerable range of temperature.
• Optimum temperature for
Drug cultivation:-
Plant Optimum Temperature (°F)
Cinchona 60-75
Coffee 55-70
Tea 70-90
Cardamom 50-100

13. Soil
• Each and every plant species have its own soil and nutritive requirements.
• The three important basic characteristics of soil are their physical, chemical,
and microbiological properties.
• Soil provides mechanical support , water and essential foods for the
development of plants.
• Soil consists of air, water, mineral matters and organic matters.
• Variations in particle size result in different soils ranging from clay, sand and
gravel.

14. • Type of Soil on the basis of particle size:-
• Type of soil on the basis of percentage covered by clay:-
Particle size (diameter) Type of Soil
Less than 0.002 mm Fine clay
0.002-0.02 mm Coarse clay or silt
0.02-0.2 mm Fine sand
0.2-2.0 mm Coarse sand
Type of soil Percentage covered by clay
Clay More than 50% of clay
Loamy 30-50% of clay
Slit Loam 20-30% of clay
Sandy Loam 10-20% of clay
Sandy Soil More than 70% sand
Calcarious soil More than 20% of lime

15. Fertilizers and Manures:-
a. Chemical Fertilizers :- Animals are in need of vitamins, plants are in need
of sixteen nutrient elements for synthesizing various compounds. Some of
them are known as primary nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium. Magnesium, calcium and sulphur are required in small quantities
and hence, they are know as secondary nutrients.

16. • Trace elements like copper, manganese, iron, boron, molybdenum,
zinc are also necessary for plant growths are known as
micronutrients. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and chlorine are
provided from water and air. Every element has to perform some
specific function in growth and development of plants. Its
deficiency is also characterized

17. b. Manures :- Farm yard manure (FYM/compost), castor seed cake,
poultry manures, neem and karanj seed cakes vermin compost, etc.
are manures. Oil-cake and compost normally consists of 3-6% of
nitrogen, 2% phosphates and 1-1.5% potash. They are made easily
available to plants. Bone meal, fish meal, biogas slurry, blood meal
and press mud are the other forms of organic fertilizers.

18. • c. Bio-fertilizers :- Inadequate supply, high costs and undesirable effects
if used successively are the demerits of fertilizers or manures and hence
the cultivator has to opt for some other type of fertilizer. Boifertilizers
are most suitable forms that can be tried. These consist of different type
of microorganisms or lower organisms which fix the atmospheric
nitrogen in soil and plant can use them for their day today use. Thus they
are symbiotic, Rhizobium, Azotobactor, Azosperillium, Bijericcia, etc.
the examples of biofertilizers.