reactive power compensation

1. REVIEW OF FACTS DEVICES AND
REACTIVE POWER
COMPENSATION IN SMART GRIDS
PRESENTED BY
HONEY BABY(RRK17EE001)
UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF
DR.J.JAYAKUMAR

2. OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
FACTS (FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM)
OVER VIEW OF FACTS
APPLICATION AND TECHNICAL BENEFITS OF FACTS
REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION
NEED FOR REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION
BENEFITS OF REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION
CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
Electric power transmission is the bulk movement of electrical energy from
a generating site, such as a power plant, to an electrical substation. This is distinct
from the local wiring between high-voltage substations and customers, which is
typically referred to as electric power distribution.

4. FACTS (FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION
SYSTEM)
THE FACTS
TECHNOLOGY IS
ESSENTIAL FOR
THE
ENHANCEMENT OF
GRID RELIABILITY.
DEFINED BY THE
IEEE AS “ AC
TRANSMISSION
SYSTEMS
INCORPORATING
POWER
ELECTRONICS-
BASED AND OTHER
STATIC
CONTROLLERS TO
ENHANCE
CONTROLLABILITY
AND INCREASE
POWER TRANSFER
CAPABILITY”.
FLEXIBLE AC
TRANSMISSION
SYSTEM (FACTS) IS
A NEW
INTEGRATED
CONCEPT BASED
ON POWER
ELECTRONIC
SWITCHING
CONVERTERS AND
DYNAMIC
CONTROLLERS.

5. FACTS
TECHNOL
OGY
PROVIDES
Better
utilization of
existing
transmissio
n system
asset
Increased
transmiss
ion
system
reliability
and
availabili
ty
Increased
dynamic
and
transient
grid
stability
and
reduction
of loop
flows
Increased
quality of
supply for
sensitive
industries
Environm
ental
benefits
Better
utilization
of existing
transmissi
on system
assets

7. STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR(SVS)
A static VAR compensator (or SVC) is an electrical device for providing fast-acting
reactive power on high-voltage electricity transmission networks.
SVCs are part of the Flexible AC transmission system device family, regulating
voltage and stabilizing the system.
STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR

8. THYRISTOR CONTROLLED SERIES
COMPENSATOR(TCSC)
Thyristor-controlled Series Compensation (TCSC) Is Used In Power Systems To
Dynamically Control The Reactance Of A Transmission Line In Order To Provide
Sufficient Load Compensation.
The Benefits Of TCSC Are Seen In Its Ability To Control The Amount Of Compensation
Of A Transmission Line, And In Its Ability To Operate In Different Modes.
Thyristor-controlled Series Compensation

9. STATIC SYNCHRONOUS
COMPENSATOR(STATCOM)
STATCOM Or Static Synchronous Compensator Is A Power Electronic Device Using
Force Commutated Devices Like IGBT, GTO Etc. To Control The Reactive Power Flow
Through A Power Network And Thereby Increasing The Stability Of Power Network.
STATCOM Is A Shunt Device I.E. It Is Connected In Shunt With The Line.
It Is Also Known As A Static Synchronous Condenser (STATCON).

10. D-STATCOM
A DSTATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator), Consists Of A Two-level Voltage Source
Converter (VSC), A Dc Energy Storage Reactive Power Compensation Using DSTATCOM
22 Device, A Coupling Transformer Connected In Shunt To The Distribution Network
Through An Interfacing Inductor.
The VSC Converts The Dc Voltage Across The Storage Device Into A Set Of Three-phase
Ac Output Voltages.
These Voltages Are In Phase And Coupled With The Ac System Through The Reactance Of
The Coupling Transformer.

11. APPLICATIONS AND TECHNICAL BENEFITS OF
FACTS
PROBLEMS OF VOLTAGE LIMIT
ADDRESSING IN STEADY STATE APPLICATIONS
PROBLEMS OF THERMAL LIMITS
PROBLEMS OF SHORT CIRCUIT LEVELS
PROBLEMS OF SUB-SYNCHRONOUS RESONANCE

12. REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION
REACTIVE POWER.
THE POWER WHICH FLOWS BACK AND FROTH THAT MEAN IT MOVES IN BOTH THE
DIRECTION IN THE CIRCUIT OR REACT UPON ITSELF
ACTIVE POWER
THE POWER WHICH IS ACTUALLY CONSUMED OR UTILIZED IN AN AC CIRCUIT IS
CALLED TRUE POWER OR ACTIVE POWER OR REAL POWER.
POWER
POWER CONSISTS OF TWO COMPONENTS, ACTIVE AND REACTIVE POWER

13. REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION(cont..)
Current Vector Diagram Power Vector Diagram - In
Current Vector Diagram, The Current Vector Can Be
Split Into Two Components
: - For Most Electrical Loads Like Motors, The
Current I Is Lagging Behind The Voltage V By An
Angle Φ. In Current Vector Diagram, The Current
Vector Can Be Split Into Two Components.
: - For Most Electrical Loads Like Motors, The
Current I Is Lagging Behind The Voltage V By An
Angle Φ. 𝐼𝑎 Is Called The "Active" Component Of
The Current. 𝐼𝑟 Is Called The "Reactive"
Component Of The Current.
current vector power vector
Apparent Power: S = V X I (Kva)
Active Power: P = V X Ia (Kw) Active Power
Reactive Power: Q = V X Ir (Kvar) Reactive Power

14. NEED FOR REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION
Voltage control and reactive power
management are two aspects of a single
activity that both supports reliability and
facilitates commercial transactions across
transmission networks. On an alternating-
current (AC) power system, voltage is
controlled by managing production and
absorption of reactive power.
If reactive power decreases
Apparent power decreases
Losses in transmission line decrease
Voltage drop decreases
COMPOSITION OF THE TOTAL POWER OF A TRANSMISSION GRID

15. BENEFITS OF REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION
REDUCTION IN
SYSTEM
LOSSES
REDUCTION OF
KVA DEMAND
IMPROVEMENT
IN VOLTAGE
HIGHER LOAD
CAPABILITY
IMPROVES
SYSTEM
POWER
FACTOR
SAVES COST

16. CONCLUSION
THE MAIN DEVELOPMENT TREND OF POWER DEVICES HAS ALWAYS
BEEN FOCUSING ON INCREASING THE POWER RATINGS WHILE
IMPROVING THE OVERALL DEVICE PERFORMANCE IN TERM OF:
a)REDUCED LOSSES
b)INCREASING ROBUSTNESS
c)BETTER CONTROLLABILITY
d)RELIABLE BEHAVIOR UNDER NORMAL AND FAULTY CONDITION.
FACTS DEVICES ARE USED IN GRID FOR VOLTAGE
CONTROLLABILITY AND POWER STABILITY. THE FUTURE SCOPE
OF FACTS DEVICE WILL BE VERY LARGE.

17. THANK YOU