Topic 1 introduction to computers

Chapter 1
Basic Introduction to Computers

Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World

Objectives Overview

Explain why computer
literacy is vital to
success in today’s world

Define the
term, computer, and
describe the
relationship between
data and information

Describe the five
components of a
computer

Discuss the advantages
and disadvantages that
users experience when
working with
computers

Define the
term, network, and
identify benefits of
sharing resources on a
network

Discuss the uses of the
Internet and World
Wide Web

See Page 3
for Detailed Objectives

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

2

Objectives Overview

Distinguish between system software
and application software

Differentiate among types, sizes, and
functions of computers in each
category

Explain how home users, small
office/home office users, mobile
users, power users, and enterprise
users each interact with computers

See Page 3
for Detailed Objectives

Describe the role of each element in an
information system

Discuss how society uses computers in
education, finance, government, health
care, science, publishing, travel, and
manufacturing


3

A World of Computers
• Computers are everywhere

Pages 4 - 5
Figure 1-1


4

What Is a Computer?
• A computer is an electronic device, operating
under the control of instructions stored in its own
memory
Collects
data
(input)

Processing

Produces
information
(output)

Information Processing Cycle
Page 6


5

What Is a Computer?

Page 6
Figure 1-2


6

The Components of a Computer
• A computer contains many electric, electronic, and
mechanical components known as hardware
Input Device
Output Device

• Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer

• Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people

System Unit

• Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that
are used to process data

Storage Device

• Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage
media

Communications
Device

• Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and
information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices

Pages 6 - 8


7

The Components of a Computer

Page 7
Figure 1-3


8

Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
Advantages of
Using Computers

Speed

Health Risks

Reliability

Violation of Privacy

Consistency

Public Safety

Storage

Impact on Labor Force

Communications
Pages 9 - 10

Disadvantages of
Using Computers

Impact on Environment


9

Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
• Green computing involves reducing the electricity
consumed and environmental waste generated when
using a computer
• Strategies include:
–
–
–
–

Page 10

Recycling
Regulating manufacturing processes
Extending the life of computers
Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers


10

Categories of Computers
Personal computers
Mobile computers and mobile devices
Game consoles
Servers
Mainframes

Supercomputers
Embedded computers
Page 19


11

Personal Computers
• A personal computer can perform all of its input,
processing, output, and storage activities by itself
• Two popular architectures are the PC and the
Apple
– Desktop computer

Pages 19 - 20
Figures 1-15 - 1-16


12

Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Mobile
Computer

Mobile
Device
Personal computer you can
carry from place to place

Examples include notebook
computers, laptop
computers, netbooks, ultrathins, and Tablet PCs

Pages 20 - 23

Computing device small
enough to hold in your hand

Examples include smart
phones and PDAs, e-book
readers, handheld
computers, portable media
players, and digital cameras


13

Notebook computer
Tablet PC

Smart phones and PDAs
E-book reader
Pages 20 - 22
Figures 1-17 – 1-20


14


Handheld computer
Portable media player
Digital camera
Pages 22 - 23
Figures 1-21 – 1-23


15

Game Consoles
• A game console is a
mobile computing
device designed for
single-player or
multiplayer video
games

Page 24
Figure 1-24


16

Servers
• A server controls access
to the
hardware, software, an
d other resources on a
network
– Provides a centralized
storage area for
programs, data, and
information

Page 25
Figure 1-25


17

Mainframes
• A mainframe is a
large, expensive, powerf
ul computer that can
handle hundreds or
thousands of connected
users simultaneously

Page 25
Figure 1-26


18

Supercomputers
• A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful
computer
– Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing
more than one quadrillion instructions in a single
second

Page 25
Figure 1-27


19

Embedded Computers
• An embedded computer is a special-purpose
computer that functions as a component in a
larger product
Consumer
Electronics
• Mobile and digital
telephones
• Digital televisions
• Cameras
• Video recorders
• DVD players and
recorders
• Answering
machines

Page 26

Home Automation
Devices

Automobiles

• Thermostats
• Sprinkling systems
• Security
monitoring systems
• Appliances
• Lights

• Antilock brakes
• Engine control
modules
• Airbag controller
• Cruise control

Process Controllers
and Robotics
• Remote monitoring
systems
• Power monitors
• Machine
controllers
• Medical devices


Computer Devices
and Office Machines
• Keyboards
• Printers
• Faxes
• Copiers

20

Embedded Computers

Page 26
Figure 1-28


21

Elements of an Information System

Hardware

Software

People

Page 27

Data

Procedures


22

Elements of an Information System

Page 27
Figure 1-29


23

Examples of Computer Usage

Home User
• Personal financial
management
• Web access
• Communications
• Entertainment

Pages 28 – 31
Figures 1-30 – 1-32

Small Office/Home
Office User
• Look up information
• Send and receive e-mail
messages
• Make telephone calls


Mobile User
• Connect to other computers
on a network or the Internet
• Transfer information
• Play video games
• Listen to music
• Watch movies

24

Examples of Computer Usage

Power User
• Work with multimedia
• Use industry-specific
software

Pages 31 – 32
Figures 1-33 – 1-34

Enterprise User
• Communicate among
employees
• Process high volumes
of transactions
• Blog


25

Computer Applications in Society

Education

Finance
Government
Health Care
Pages 34 - 36
Figures 1-36 – 1-39


26

Computer Applications in Society

Science
Publishing

Travel
Manufacturing
Pages 36 - 38
Figures 1-40 – 1-43


27

Video: Computer History in a Barn

CLICK TO START

28

Summary

Basic computer
concepts

Components of a
computer

Many different
categories of
computers, computer
users, and computer
applications in society
Page 39


29

Chapter 1
Basic Introduction to Computers

Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World

Chapter 1 Complete


31

The Challenge Box
• Group yourselves into 5
• Create 4 questions based on the previous lessons
(identification or enumeration questions –
1/8sheet of y.p. per question, always put your
group number on the upper right corner of the
paper )
• At the back of the portion of the question, put the
number which corresponds to the number of the
other group.


32

Scoring:
• Each question answered correctly (identified correctly) by
any member of the group is equivalent to 2 points
• After the question was answered, another member will
give an example (minimum of 2 examples) of the
application of the answered question ( 3 points)
• After the group have been identified the answers and gave
their examples, they will give a number to the
instructor, that number will depend on the range given by
the instructor to choose the next group to be on the hot
seat!
• A follow up questions may be thrown to the answering
group by any group from the class.

33

Topic 1 introduction to computers

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Topic 1 introduction to computers