Seismic retrofitting using fiber reinforced polymer is a collection mitigation technique for earthquake engg.

1. SEISMIC RETROFITTING USING
FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER
(FRP)
SUBMITTED BY
AISWARYA E
ANJUSHA MP
NEETHU SEBASTIAN

2. CONTENT
 Introduction
 Retrofitting
 Field application of retrofitting using FRP
 Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymer
 Fibre Reinforced Polymer
 Manufacturing process
 Advantages & disadvantages
 Applications
 Conclusion
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3. INTRODUCTION
 FRP is a composite material which was presented in 1940s.
 Concrete is relatively very strong in compression but poor in tension.
It has little resistance to cracking and tends to brittle. The weakness
in tension can be eliminated by using natural fibre composites.
 FRP composite materials has industrialised because it is
economically and structurally workable construction material for
load bearing elements.
 Retrofitting of RC columns, beam-column joints, slabs, masonry
walls and steel structures are done by various FRP retrofitting
schemes.Dept. of civil engg. F I S T
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4.  Earthquake creates great devastation in terms of life,
money and failures of structures.
 Earthquake mitigation is an important field of study from
a long time now.
 Seismic Retrofitting using FRP is a collection mitigation
techniques for Earthquake Engineering.
 It is of utmost importance for historic monuments, areas
prone to severe earthquakes and tall or expensive
structures.
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5. RETROFITTING
 Retrofitting is the modification of existing structures to improve
the performance, strength and durability of structures.
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6. BASIC CONCEPT OF RETROFITTING
 The aim is at (CEB1997):-
 Upgradation of lateral strength of the structure;
 Increase in the ductility of the structure
 Increase in strength and ductility
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7. WHERE RETROFITTING IS USED?
 Architectural purposes
 Aerospace
 Automotive
 Massive construction industries
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8. ADVANTAGES OF RETROFITTING
 Expand innovation.
 Increase productivity.
 Enhance performance.
 Provide extensive service lines.
 Improves strength & stiffness.
 Durable.
 Ligther in weight.
 Requires less labour & equipments.
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9. RETROFIT OF STRUCTURES USING INNOVATIVE
MATERIALS
 Current research on advanced materials has mainly
concentrated on FRP composites.
 Studies have shown that externally bonded FRP
composites can be applied to various structural
members including columns, beams, slabs, and walls to
improve their structural performance such as stiffness,
load carrying capacity, and ductility.
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10. FIELD APPLICATION OF FRP
A. SEISMIC RETROFITTING
 It is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to
seismic activity, ground motion, or soil failure due to earthquakes.
 The retrofit techniques are also applicable for other natural hazards such as
tropical cyclones, tornadoes, and severe winds from thunderstorms.
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12. WHEN IS SEISMIC RETROFITTING NEEDED?
 The two circumstances are:-
Earthquake damaged buildings, and
Earthquake-vulnerable buildings(with no exposure to
severe earthquakes)
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13. BASE ISOLATION (OR SEISMIC ISOLATION)
 Isolation of superstructure from the foundation is known as base
isolation.
 It is the most powerful tool for passive structural vibration control
technique
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14. SEISMIC DAMPERS
 Seismic Dampers are used in place of structural elements, like diagonal
braces, for controlling seismic damage in structures.
 It partly absorbs the seismic energy and reduces the motion of buildings.
 Types:-
 Viscous Dampers (energy is absorbed by silicone-based fluid passing
piston-cylinder arrangement),
 Friction Dampers (energy is absorbed by surfaces with friction
rubbing against each other), and
 Yielding Dampers (energy is absorbed by metallic components that
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15. B. RETROFITTING OF COLUMN BY USING FRP
 FRP is wrapping existing columns or bridge piers to enhance the deformation
capacity at the plastic hinge region.
 The retrofit of existing concrete columns by provision of FRP jackets.
 Column is most vulnerable load carrying element of structure due to minimum
cross section size and lack of steel reinforcement.
 RC column failures takes place due to cyclic axial and lateral loads are shear failure.
 Hybrid construction with FRP and concrete combine mass, stiffness, damper and
low cost of concrete with speed of construction, light weight, strength and durability
of FRP.
 CFRP and GFRP wrapping can enhance the strength of concrete columns.
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16. C. RETROFITTING OF RC BEAM BY USING FRP
 The use of steel and FRP can improve flexural strength, fatigue life and
serviceability of beams compared to others.
 Glass or carbon FRP are mostly used.
 The shear strengthening is done using bio based woven jute fibres, artificial
carbon fibres and glass fibres, by full wrapping and strip wrapping.
 Flexural strength and ultimate load capacity of external beams can be improved
by using CFRPs.
 GFRP laminates are applied for rehabilitation and strengthening of infrastructure
in steel plates bonding.
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Retrofitting of RC Beam by using FRP

18. D. RETROFITTING OF RC SLABS BY USING FRP
 FRP materials is used as confining devices for concrete slabs.
 The use of corrosion free FRP composites as reinforcement to concrete generate
durable concrete structure
 Use of GFRP bars as internal reinforcement is a solution to corrosion of steel bars,
have higher strength than steel bars and light thus easy to handle.
 FRP bars used as a replacement to steel bars which capable to overcome larger
deflection and wider crack widths in concrete.
 Basalt fibres show comparable mechanical properties to glass fibres at lower cost
and exhibit good resistance to chemical and high temperature exposure.
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• Column Wrapping
with
Automated FRP
Application device

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• Column Wrapping
Device

21. MATERIALS USED FOR RETROFITTING
 Concrete
 Steel
 Wood
 FRP
 Aluminium
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22. NATURAL FIBRE REINFORCED
POLYMER
 Commonly used natural fibres are coir, jute, bagasse, cotton,
bamboo, hemp which come from plants.
 NFRP are :
eco-friendly
light weight
strong
renewable
cheap
biodegradable
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23.  It can be used to reinforced both thermosetting and
thermoplastic matrices.
 Advantages:
 low density
 Low cost
 Low energy inputs
 Comparable mechanical properties
 Better elasticity
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25. FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMER(FRP)
 FRP are a group of composite plastic.
 FRP is a composite material made of a reinforced with fibres and
polymer matrix.
 Commonly used :
Fibres: Carbon, Glass, Aramid
Resins: Epoxy, Polyester, Vynilester, Phenolics.
 General Composition
Fibre[carbon,Glass,Etc.]
+ =Fibre Reinforced Polymer
Resin[Polymer]
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26.  FRPs have very strength of order of 3000Mpa.
 The amount of creep in the case of FRP is negligible for reinforced
concrete.
 Fibres are capable of forming round tubes, rectangular tubes,
plates, rods or any other linear sections.
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27. MANUFACTURING OF FRP
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28. TYPES OF FRP
 Carbon Fibres
 Glass Fibres
 Fibres in matrix
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29. CARBON FIBER
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 Thin strands of carbon- even thinner than human hair.
 Strands can be twisted together, like yarn- can be woven together, like
cloth extremely lightweight.

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 Composed of carbon atoms bonded together to form a long chain.
 A super strong material that's also extremely lightweight.
 Five times stronger than steel , Two times stiffer, and about Two-
Third times less in weight.

31. HOW IS CARBON FIBER MADE ?
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Polyacrylonitrite
Production from two sources -:
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
Pitch
The raw material used to make carbon fiber is called the
precursor.

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33. FIBER GLASS
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35. THE MATRIX
 In the matrix composite fibers play the major role of reinforcement bars, they
actually increase the strength of the material in which they are surrounded with
resin called matrix.
 It can be prepared of thermoplastics or thermosets.
 It is commonly made of polyster, vinylester or epoxy .
 The fibers are the basic load carrying component and the matrix transfer the
shear.
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The Matrix

37. FIBRES IN THE MATRIX
 It helps in transmission of the stress between the different layers of fibres
 It helps to protect them from destructive environment.
 They act as exterior layer of concrete.
 It behaves as a linear elastic material until failure.
 FRP materials used glass fibres embedded in polymetric resins were made by
petrochemical industry.
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Fibers in the Matrix

39. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
 Preparation of the Concrete Surface
 Mixing Epoxy, Putty, etc.
 Preparation of the FRP Composite System
 Application of the FRP Strengthening System
 Anchorage (if recommended)
 Curing the FRP Material
 Application of Finish System
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40. STRUCTURAL DESIGN WITH
FRP COMPOSITES
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41. FIBER PROPERTIES TENSILE STRENGTH
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
E-Glass
Aramid
Carbon
S-Glass
Steel
Alum
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42. FIBER PROPERTIES DENSITY (g/cm3)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Aramid
Carbon
S-Glass
E-Glass
Alum
Steel
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43. ADVANTAGES
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 It has long working life.
 It’s density is less than density of steel.
 It is insensitive to change in temperature.
 It’s properties is much better than any of the other metals.
 It’s compressive strength is greater than all the reinforcing
material.

44. DISADVANTAGE
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 It is very costly.
 It is little bit harmful for the human body as it cause some form of cancer of
the lungs.

45. APPLICATIONS
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 It is mostly used in aerospace and aircraft industries
 Automotive body is also made up of the carbon fiber.
 It is used in making sports epuipment such as light weight badminton
rackets, golf stick ,..
 Constructing up of wind mill blades.

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 It is used for building and construction material.
 Rechargeable battries and fuel cell electrodes.
 Portable powers.

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49. CONCLUSION
 In this an understanding of the properties and performances of FRP for
retrofitting has been developed.
 It has matured in the recent years to a highly reliable technology.
 But, the expertise needed is not available in the basic level.
 The main challenge is to achieve a desired performance level at a minimum cost
 Optimization techniques are needed to know the most efficient retrofit for a
particular structure.
 Proper Design Codes are needed to be published as code of practice for
professionals related to this field.
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50. REFERENCE
 IJIRST –International Journal for Innovative Research in Science &
Technology| Volume 4 | Issue 9 |
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