Talk given at Lean Kanban Central Europe 2016

1. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Meetings and Availability –
What’s the Catch?
Martin Bäcklund
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

2. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
- Hi! Can you spare half an hour?
I have something I need to discuss with you.
- Sure! What about tomorrow at one o’clock?
- Oh, I’m busy then. What about three?
- Sorry, I’m not available then. First free slot after
that is Thursday next week.
Would that work for you?
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

3. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
What is this?
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

4. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
A meeting request?
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

5. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Or…
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

6. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
A collaboration need
that is waiting?
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

7. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
t
A collaboration need emerges! Collaboration!
Waiting…
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

8. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
t
A collaboration need emerges! Planned meeting!
Waiting…
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

9. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
t
A collaboration need emerges! Planned meeting
Waiting…
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund
A more important meeting!

10. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Why do we wait to collaborate?
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

11. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Think about your own calendar…
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

12. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
How many collaboration needs
do you have queued?
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

13. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
- When can I see you?
- Don’t know! Book a meeting!
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

14. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Book a meeting!
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

15. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Book a meeting!Book a meeting!
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

16. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

17. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
How many collaboration needs
are queued in your organization?
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

18. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
What is the total waiting time for
those collaboration needs?
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

19. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
For a long time I had many
meetings booked every day.
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

20. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
One approach:
One un-booked hour each day.
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

21. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
The result:
The un-booked hour
often became booked.
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

22. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Once I had to meet two
colleagues for half an hour.
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

23. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
The first available slot when we all
could meet was three weeks later.
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

24. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
My wife:
- I don’t want more than one hour of booked
meetings per day.
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

25. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Me:
???
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

26. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
My wife:
- Otherwise I have no time to talk to my personnel.
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

27. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Me:
Eeh?!?
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

28. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
A simplified model...
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

29. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Assume that…
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

30. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Each work day consists of eight one-hour-periods…
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund
1 3 4 5 6 7 82
1 day

31. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
The probability that one person is available the next one-hour-period is
𝑆
8
where S is the average number of available
one-hour-slots per eight-hour-day.
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

32. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
The probability that N people can meet the next one-hour-period is
𝑆
8
𝑁
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

33. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
The probability to NOT meet the next one-hour-period is
1 −
𝑆
8
𝑁
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

34. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
The probability to NOT meet the next eight-hour-day is
1 −
𝑆
8
𝑁 8
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

35. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
The probability to NOT meet within T days is
1 −
𝑆
8
𝑁 8𝑇
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

36. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
The probability to meet within T days is
1 − 1 −
𝑆
8
𝑁 8𝑇
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

37. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
The probability to meet
𝑃 𝑆, 𝑁, 𝑇 = 1 − 1 −
𝑆
8
𝑁 8𝑇
P = The probability to meet at the same one-hour-slot within T days.
S = Average number of available one-hour-periods per person and day.
N = Number of people.
T = Number of eight-hour-days.
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

38. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Everyone has the same availability
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund
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8 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
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2 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
4 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
5 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
6 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
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8 97% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
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No of people Days
6
7
Availability
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

39. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Everyone has the same availability
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1 66% 88% 96% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 12% 22% 31% 40% 47% 53% 59% 64% 68% 72% 75% 78% 81% 83% 85% 87% 88% 90% 91% 92% 93% 94% 94% 95% 96% 96% 97% 97% 97% 98%
3 2% 3% 5% 6% 8% 9% 10% 12% 13% 14% 16% 17% 18% 20% 21% 22% 23% 25% 26% 27% 28% 29% 30% 31% 32% 33% 34% 35% 36% 37%
4 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 6% 6%
5 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
6 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
7 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
8 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
9 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
10 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
1 90% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 40% 64% 79% 87% 92% 95% 97% 98% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 12% 22% 31% 40% 47% 53% 59% 64% 68% 72% 75% 78% 81% 83% 85% 87% 88% 90% 91% 92% 93% 94% 94% 95% 96% 96% 97% 97% 97% 98%
4 3% 6% 9% 12% 14% 17% 20% 22% 25% 27% 29% 31% 33% 35% 37% 39% 41% 43% 45% 47% 48% 50% 51% 53% 54% 56% 57% 58% 60% 61%
5 1% 2% 2% 3% 4% 5% 5% 6% 7% 8% 8% 9% 10% 10% 11% 12% 12% 13% 14% 14% 15% 16% 16% 17% 18% 18% 19% 20% 20% 21%
6 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 6% 6%
7 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
8 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
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2 70% 91% 97% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 35% 58% 73% 82% 89% 93% 95% 97% 98% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
4 15% 27% 38% 47% 55% 62% 67% 72% 76% 80% 83% 85% 87% 89% 91% 92% 93% 94% 95% 96% 97% 97% 97% 98% 98% 98% 99% 99% 99% 99%
5 6% 11% 16% 21% 26% 30% 34% 38% 41% 45% 48% 51% 54% 57% 59% 61% 64% 66% 68% 70% 71% 73% 75% 76% 77% 79% 80% 81% 82% 83%
6 2% 4% 6% 9% 11% 13% 14% 16% 18% 20% 22% 23% 25% 27% 28% 30% 32% 33% 35% 36% 37% 39% 40% 41% 43% 44% 45% 46% 48% 49%
7 1% 2% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 10% 11% 12% 13% 13% 14% 15% 15% 16% 17% 17% 18% 19% 20% 20% 21% 21% 22%
8 0% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 4% 5% 5% 5% 5% 6% 6% 6% 7% 7% 7% 8% 8% 8% 8% 9% 9%
9 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3%
10 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
1 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 90% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 66% 88% 96% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
4 40% 64% 79% 87% 92% 95% 97% 98% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
5 22% 40% 53% 64% 72% 78% 83% 87% 90% 92% 94% 95% 96% 97% 98% 98% 99% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
6 12% 22% 31% 40% 47% 53% 59% 64% 68% 72% 75% 78% 81% 83% 85% 87% 88% 90% 91% 92% 93% 94% 94% 95% 96% 96% 97% 97% 97% 98%
7 6% 12% 17% 22% 27% 31% 36% 39% 43% 47% 50% 53% 56% 58% 61% 63% 66% 68% 70% 71% 73% 75% 76% 78% 79% 80% 82% 83% 84% 85%
8 3% 6% 9% 12% 14% 17% 20% 22% 25% 27% 29% 31% 33% 35% 37% 39% 41% 43% 45% 47% 48% 50% 51% 53% 54% 56% 57% 58% 60% 61%
9 2% 3% 5% 6% 8% 9% 10% 12% 13% 14% 16% 17% 18% 20% 21% 22% 23% 25% 26% 27% 28% 29% 30% 31% 32% 33% 34% 35% 36% 37%
10 1% 2% 2% 3% 4% 5% 5% 6% 7% 8% 8% 9% 10% 10% 11% 12% 12% 13% 14% 14% 15% 16% 16% 17% 18% 18% 19% 20% 20% 21%
1 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 98% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 89% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
4 73% 93% 98% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
5 55% 80% 91% 96% 98% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
6 39% 63% 77% 86% 91% 95% 97% 98% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
7 26% 46% 60% 70% 78% 84% 88% 91% 94% 95% 96% 97% 98% 99% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
8 17% 31% 43% 53% 61% 68% 73% 78% 82% 85% 87% 90% 91% 93% 94% 95% 96% 97% 97% 98% 98% 98% 99% 99% 99% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100%
9 11% 21% 30% 37% 44% 51% 56% 61% 65% 69% 72% 76% 78% 81% 83% 85% 86% 88% 89% 90% 91% 92% 93% 94% 95% 95% 96% 96% 97% 97%
10 7% 14% 20% 25% 31% 36% 40% 44% 48% 52% 55% 58% 61% 64% 67% 69% 71% 73% 75% 77% 78% 80% 81% 83% 84% 85% 86% 87% 88% 89%
1 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
4 95% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
5 89% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
6 79% 96% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
7 68% 90% 97% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
8 57% 82% 92% 97% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
9 46% 71% 85% 92% 96% 98% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
10 37% 60% 75% 84% 90% 94% 96% 98% 98% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
1 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
4 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
5 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
6 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
7 98% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
8 97% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
9 94% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
10 91% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
No of people Days
6
7
Availability
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

40. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
What happens if one person in a
group has a low availability (1/8)?
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

41. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Everyone has the same availability
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1 66% 88% 96% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 12% 22% 31% 40% 47% 53% 59% 64% 68% 72% 75% 78% 81% 83% 85% 87% 88% 90% 91% 92% 93% 94% 94% 95% 96% 96% 97% 97% 97% 98%
3 2% 3% 5% 6% 8% 9% 10% 12% 13% 14% 16% 17% 18% 20% 21% 22% 23% 25% 26% 27% 28% 29% 30% 31% 32% 33% 34% 35% 36% 37%
4 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 6% 6%
5 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
6 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
7 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
8 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
9 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
10 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
1 90% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 40% 64% 79% 87% 92% 95% 97% 98% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 12% 22% 31% 40% 47% 53% 59% 64% 68% 72% 75% 78% 81% 83% 85% 87% 88% 90% 91% 92% 93% 94% 94% 95% 96% 96% 97% 97% 97% 98%
4 3% 6% 9% 12% 14% 17% 20% 22% 25% 27% 29% 31% 33% 35% 37% 39% 41% 43% 45% 47% 48% 50% 51% 53% 54% 56% 57% 58% 60% 61%
5 1% 2% 2% 3% 4% 5% 5% 6% 7% 8% 8% 9% 10% 10% 11% 12% 12% 13% 14% 14% 15% 16% 16% 17% 18% 18% 19% 20% 20% 21%
6 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 6% 6%
7 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
8 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
9 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
10 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
1 98% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 70% 91% 97% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 35% 58% 73% 82% 89% 93% 95% 97% 98% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
4 15% 27% 38% 47% 55% 62% 67% 72% 76% 80% 83% 85% 87% 89% 91% 92% 93% 94% 95% 96% 97% 97% 97% 98% 98% 98% 99% 99% 99% 99%
5 6% 11% 16% 21% 26% 30% 34% 38% 41% 45% 48% 51% 54% 57% 59% 61% 64% 66% 68% 70% 71% 73% 75% 76% 77% 79% 80% 81% 82% 83%
6 2% 4% 6% 9% 11% 13% 14% 16% 18% 20% 22% 23% 25% 27% 28% 30% 32% 33% 35% 36% 37% 39% 40% 41% 43% 44% 45% 46% 48% 49%
7 1% 2% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 10% 11% 12% 13% 13% 14% 15% 15% 16% 17% 17% 18% 19% 20% 20% 21% 21% 22%
8 0% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 4% 5% 5% 5% 5% 6% 6% 6% 7% 7% 7% 8% 8% 8% 8% 9% 9%
9 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3%
10 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
1 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 90% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 66% 88% 96% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
4 40% 64% 79% 87% 92% 95% 97% 98% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
5 22% 40% 53% 64% 72% 78% 83% 87% 90% 92% 94% 95% 96% 97% 98% 98% 99% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
6 12% 22% 31% 40% 47% 53% 59% 64% 68% 72% 75% 78% 81% 83% 85% 87% 88% 90% 91% 92% 93% 94% 94% 95% 96% 96% 97% 97% 97% 98%
7 6% 12% 17% 22% 27% 31% 36% 39% 43% 47% 50% 53% 56% 58% 61% 63% 66% 68% 70% 71% 73% 75% 76% 78% 79% 80% 82% 83% 84% 85%
8 3% 6% 9% 12% 14% 17% 20% 22% 25% 27% 29% 31% 33% 35% 37% 39% 41% 43% 45% 47% 48% 50% 51% 53% 54% 56% 57% 58% 60% 61%
9 2% 3% 5% 6% 8% 9% 10% 12% 13% 14% 16% 17% 18% 20% 21% 22% 23% 25% 26% 27% 28% 29% 30% 31% 32% 33% 34% 35% 36% 37%
10 1% 2% 2% 3% 4% 5% 5% 6% 7% 8% 8% 9% 10% 10% 11% 12% 12% 13% 14% 14% 15% 16% 16% 17% 18% 18% 19% 20% 20% 21%
1 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
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4 73% 93% 98% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
5 55% 80% 91% 96% 98% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
6 39% 63% 77% 86% 91% 95% 97% 98% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
7 26% 46% 60% 70% 78% 84% 88% 91% 94% 95% 96% 97% 98% 99% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
8 17% 31% 43% 53% 61% 68% 73% 78% 82% 85% 87% 90% 91% 93% 94% 95% 96% 97% 97% 98% 98% 98% 99% 99% 99% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100%
9 11% 21% 30% 37% 44% 51% 56% 61% 65% 69% 72% 76% 78% 81% 83% 85% 86% 88% 89% 90% 91% 92% 93% 94% 95% 95% 96% 96% 97% 97%
10 7% 14% 20% 25% 31% 36% 40% 44% 48% 52% 55% 58% 61% 64% 67% 69% 71% 73% 75% 77% 78% 80% 81% 83% 84% 85% 86% 87% 88% 89%
1 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
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5 89% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
6 79% 96% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
7 68% 90% 97% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
8 57% 82% 92% 97% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
9 46% 71% 85% 92% 96% 98% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
10 37% 60% 75% 84% 90% 94% 96% 98% 98% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
1 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
4 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
5 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
6 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
7 98% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
8 97% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
9 94% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
10 91% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
No of people Days
6
7
Availability
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

42. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Person N has low availability (1/8)
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1 66% 88% 96% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 12% 22% 31% 40% 47% 53% 59% 64% 68% 72% 75% 78% 81% 83% 85% 87% 88% 90% 91% 92% 93% 94% 94% 95% 96% 96% 97% 97% 97% 98%
3 2% 3% 5% 6% 8% 9% 10% 12% 13% 14% 16% 17% 18% 20% 21% 22% 23% 25% 26% 27% 28% 29% 30% 31% 32% 33% 34% 35% 36% 37%
4 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 6% 6%
5 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
6 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
7 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
8 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
9 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
10 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
1 66% 88% 96% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 22% 40% 53% 64% 72% 78% 83% 87% 90% 92% 94% 95% 96% 97% 98% 98% 99% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 6% 12% 17% 22% 27% 31% 36% 39% 43% 47% 50% 53% 56% 58% 61% 63% 66% 68% 70% 71% 73% 75% 76% 78% 79% 80% 82% 83% 84% 85%
4 2% 3% 5% 6% 8% 9% 10% 12% 13% 14% 16% 17% 18% 20% 21% 22% 23% 25% 26% 27% 28% 29% 30% 31% 32% 33% 34% 35% 36% 37%
5 0% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 5% 5% 5% 6% 6% 6% 7% 7% 8% 8% 8% 9% 9% 9% 10% 10% 10% 11% 11%
6 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3%
7 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
8 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
9 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
10 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
1 66% 88% 96% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 32% 54% 68% 78% 85% 90% 93% 95% 97% 98% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 13% 25% 35% 43% 51% 57% 63% 68% 72% 76% 79% 82% 84% 86% 88% 90% 91% 92% 93% 94% 95% 96% 96% 97% 97% 97% 98% 98% 98% 99%
4 5% 10% 15% 19% 23% 27% 31% 35% 38% 41% 44% 47% 50% 52% 55% 57% 59% 61% 63% 65% 67% 69% 70% 72% 73% 75% 76% 77% 78% 80%
5 2% 4% 6% 8% 9% 11% 13% 15% 16% 18% 20% 21% 23% 24% 26% 27% 29% 30% 31% 33% 34% 35% 37% 38% 39% 40% 41% 43% 44% 45%
6 1% 1% 2% 3% 4% 4% 5% 6% 6% 7% 8% 9% 9% 10% 11% 11% 12% 13% 13% 14% 14% 15% 16% 16% 17% 18% 18% 19% 19% 20%
7 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 4% 4% 5% 5% 5% 5% 6% 6% 6% 6% 7% 7% 7% 7% 8% 8%
8 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3%
9 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
10 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
1 66% 88% 96% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 40% 64% 79% 87% 92% 95% 97% 98% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 22% 40% 53% 64% 72% 78% 83% 87% 90% 92% 94% 95% 96% 97% 98% 98% 99% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
4 12% 22% 31% 40% 47% 53% 59% 64% 68% 72% 75% 78% 81% 83% 85% 87% 88% 90% 91% 92% 93% 94% 94% 95% 96% 96% 97% 97% 97% 98%
5 6% 12% 17% 22% 27% 31% 36% 39% 43% 47% 50% 53% 56% 58% 61% 63% 66% 68% 70% 71% 73% 75% 76% 78% 79% 80% 82% 83% 84% 85%
6 3% 6% 9% 12% 14% 17% 20% 22% 25% 27% 29% 31% 33% 35% 37% 39% 41% 43% 45% 47% 48% 50% 51% 53% 54% 56% 57% 58% 60% 61%
7 2% 3% 5% 6% 8% 9% 10% 12% 13% 14% 16% 17% 18% 20% 21% 22% 23% 25% 26% 27% 28% 29% 30% 31% 32% 33% 34% 35% 36% 37%
8 1% 2% 2% 3% 4% 5% 5% 6% 7% 8% 8% 9% 10% 10% 11% 12% 12% 13% 14% 14% 15% 16% 16% 17% 18% 18% 19% 20% 20% 21%
9 0% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 5% 5% 5% 6% 6% 6% 7% 7% 8% 8% 8% 9% 9% 9% 10% 10% 10% 11% 11%
10 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 6% 6%
1 66% 88% 96% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 48% 73% 86% 93% 96% 98% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 33% 55% 70% 80% 86% 91% 94% 96% 97% 98% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
4 22% 39% 52% 63% 71% 77% 82% 86% 89% 92% 93% 95% 96% 97% 98% 98% 99% 99% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
5 14% 27% 37% 46% 54% 60% 66% 71% 75% 79% 82% 84% 87% 88% 90% 91% 93% 94% 95% 95% 96% 97% 97% 98% 98% 98% 98% 99% 99% 99%
6 9% 17% 25% 32% 38% 44% 49% 54% 58% 62% 65% 68% 71% 74% 76% 78% 80% 82% 84% 85% 87% 88% 89% 90% 91% 92% 93% 93% 94% 94%
7 6% 11% 16% 21% 26% 30% 34% 38% 42% 45% 48% 51% 54% 57% 59% 62% 64% 66% 68% 70% 72% 73% 75% 76% 78% 79% 80% 81% 82% 83%
8 4% 7% 11% 14% 17% 20% 23% 26% 29% 31% 34% 36% 38% 41% 43% 45% 47% 49% 51% 53% 54% 56% 58% 59% 61% 62% 64% 65% 66% 67%
9 2% 5% 7% 9% 11% 13% 15% 17% 19% 21% 23% 24% 26% 28% 30% 31% 33% 34% 36% 37% 39% 40% 42% 43% 44% 45% 47% 48% 49% 50%
10 1% 3% 4% 6% 7% 8% 10% 11% 12% 14% 15% 16% 17% 18% 20% 21% 22% 23% 24% 25% 26% 27% 28% 30% 31% 32% 33% 33% 34% 35%
1 66% 88% 96% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 55% 79% 91% 96% 98% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 44% 69% 83% 90% 95% 97% 98% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
4 35% 58% 73% 82% 89% 93% 95% 97% 98% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
5 28% 48% 62% 73% 80% 86% 90% 92% 95% 96% 97% 98% 98% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
6 21% 38% 51% 62% 70% 76% 81% 85% 89% 91% 93% 94% 96% 97% 97% 98% 98% 99% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
7 16% 30% 42% 51% 59% 66% 72% 76% 80% 83% 86% 88% 90% 92% 93% 94% 95% 96% 97% 97% 98% 98% 98% 99% 99% 99% 99% 99% 99% 100%
8 13% 24% 33% 42% 49% 55% 61% 66% 70% 74% 77% 80% 83% 85% 87% 88% 90% 91% 92% 93% 94% 95% 95% 96% 97% 97% 97% 98% 98% 98%
9 10% 18% 26% 33% 40% 45% 51% 55% 60% 63% 67% 70% 73% 76% 78% 80% 82% 84% 85% 87% 88% 89% 90% 91% 92% 93% 93% 94% 95% 95%
10 7% 14% 20% 26% 31% 36% 41% 45% 49% 53% 56% 60% 62% 65% 68% 70% 72% 74% 76% 78% 79% 81% 82% 84% 85% 86% 87% 88% 89% 90%
1 66% 88% 96% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 60% 84% 94% 98% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 55% 80% 91% 96% 98% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
4 50% 75% 88% 94% 97% 98% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
5 46% 70% 84% 91% 95% 97% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
6 41% 65% 80% 88% 93% 96% 98% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
7 37% 60% 75% 84% 90% 94% 96% 98% 98% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
8 33% 55% 70% 80% 87% 91% 94% 96% 97% 98% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
9 30% 50% 65% 75% 83% 88% 91% 94% 96% 97% 98% 99% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
10 26% 46% 60% 71% 78% 84% 88% 91% 94% 95% 97% 97% 98% 99% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
6
7
Days
1
2
3
4
5
Availability No of people
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

43. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
What happens if one person in a
group has a high availability (7/8)?
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

44. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Everyone has the same availability
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1 66% 88% 96% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 12% 22% 31% 40% 47% 53% 59% 64% 68% 72% 75% 78% 81% 83% 85% 87% 88% 90% 91% 92% 93% 94% 94% 95% 96% 96% 97% 97% 97% 98%
3 2% 3% 5% 6% 8% 9% 10% 12% 13% 14% 16% 17% 18% 20% 21% 22% 23% 25% 26% 27% 28% 29% 30% 31% 32% 33% 34% 35% 36% 37%
4 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 6% 6%
5 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
6 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
7 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
8 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
9 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
10 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
1 90% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 40% 64% 79% 87% 92% 95% 97% 98% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 12% 22% 31% 40% 47% 53% 59% 64% 68% 72% 75% 78% 81% 83% 85% 87% 88% 90% 91% 92% 93% 94% 94% 95% 96% 96% 97% 97% 97% 98%
4 3% 6% 9% 12% 14% 17% 20% 22% 25% 27% 29% 31% 33% 35% 37% 39% 41% 43% 45% 47% 48% 50% 51% 53% 54% 56% 57% 58% 60% 61%
5 1% 2% 2% 3% 4% 5% 5% 6% 7% 8% 8% 9% 10% 10% 11% 12% 12% 13% 14% 14% 15% 16% 16% 17% 18% 18% 19% 20% 20% 21%
6 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 6% 6%
7 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
8 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
9 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
10 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
1 98% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 70% 91% 97% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 35% 58% 73% 82% 89% 93% 95% 97% 98% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
4 15% 27% 38% 47% 55% 62% 67% 72% 76% 80% 83% 85% 87% 89% 91% 92% 93% 94% 95% 96% 97% 97% 97% 98% 98% 98% 99% 99% 99% 99%
5 6% 11% 16% 21% 26% 30% 34% 38% 41% 45% 48% 51% 54% 57% 59% 61% 64% 66% 68% 70% 71% 73% 75% 76% 77% 79% 80% 81% 82% 83%
6 2% 4% 6% 9% 11% 13% 14% 16% 18% 20% 22% 23% 25% 27% 28% 30% 32% 33% 35% 36% 37% 39% 40% 41% 43% 44% 45% 46% 48% 49%
7 1% 2% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 10% 11% 12% 13% 13% 14% 15% 15% 16% 17% 17% 18% 19% 20% 20% 21% 21% 22%
8 0% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 4% 5% 5% 5% 5% 6% 6% 6% 7% 7% 7% 8% 8% 8% 8% 9% 9%
9 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3%
10 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
1 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 90% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 66% 88% 96% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
4 40% 64% 79% 87% 92% 95% 97% 98% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
5 22% 40% 53% 64% 72% 78% 83% 87% 90% 92% 94% 95% 96% 97% 98% 98% 99% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
6 12% 22% 31% 40% 47% 53% 59% 64% 68% 72% 75% 78% 81% 83% 85% 87% 88% 90% 91% 92% 93% 94% 94% 95% 96% 96% 97% 97% 97% 98%
7 6% 12% 17% 22% 27% 31% 36% 39% 43% 47% 50% 53% 56% 58% 61% 63% 66% 68% 70% 71% 73% 75% 76% 78% 79% 80% 82% 83% 84% 85%
8 3% 6% 9% 12% 14% 17% 20% 22% 25% 27% 29% 31% 33% 35% 37% 39% 41% 43% 45% 47% 48% 50% 51% 53% 54% 56% 57% 58% 60% 61%
9 2% 3% 5% 6% 8% 9% 10% 12% 13% 14% 16% 17% 18% 20% 21% 22% 23% 25% 26% 27% 28% 29% 30% 31% 32% 33% 34% 35% 36% 37%
10 1% 2% 2% 3% 4% 5% 5% 6% 7% 8% 8% 9% 10% 10% 11% 12% 12% 13% 14% 14% 15% 16% 16% 17% 18% 18% 19% 20% 20% 21%
1 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 98% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 89% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
4 73% 93% 98% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
5 55% 80% 91% 96% 98% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
6 39% 63% 77% 86% 91% 95% 97% 98% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
7 26% 46% 60% 70% 78% 84% 88% 91% 94% 95% 96% 97% 98% 99% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
8 17% 31% 43% 53% 61% 68% 73% 78% 82% 85% 87% 90% 91% 93% 94% 95% 96% 97% 97% 98% 98% 98% 99% 99% 99% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100%
9 11% 21% 30% 37% 44% 51% 56% 61% 65% 69% 72% 76% 78% 81% 83% 85% 86% 88% 89% 90% 91% 92% 93% 94% 95% 95% 96% 96% 97% 97%
10 7% 14% 20% 25% 31% 36% 40% 44% 48% 52% 55% 58% 61% 64% 67% 69% 71% 73% 75% 77% 78% 80% 81% 83% 84% 85% 86% 87% 88% 89%
1 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
4 95% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
5 89% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
6 79% 96% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
7 68% 90% 97% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
8 57% 82% 92% 97% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
9 46% 71% 85% 92% 96% 98% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
10 37% 60% 75% 84% 90% 94% 96% 98% 98% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
1 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
4 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
5 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
6 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
7 98% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
8 97% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
9 94% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
10 91% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
No of people Days
6
7
Availability
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

45. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 60% 84% 94% 98% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 10% 20% 28% 36% 42% 48% 54% 59% 63% 67% 70% 73% 76% 79% 81% 83% 85% 86% 88% 89% 90% 91% 92% 93% 94% 94% 95% 95% 96% 96%
4 1% 3% 4% 5% 7% 8% 9% 10% 12% 13% 14% 15% 16% 17% 19% 20% 21% 22% 23% 24% 25% 26% 27% 28% 29% 30% 31% 32% 33% 34%
5 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 5% 5% 5% 5%
6 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
7 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
8 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
9 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
10 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
1 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 86% 98% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 36% 59% 74% 83% 89% 93% 96% 97% 98% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
4 10% 20% 28% 36% 42% 48% 54% 59% 63% 67% 70% 73% 76% 79% 81% 83% 85% 86% 88% 89% 90% 91% 92% 93% 94% 94% 95% 95% 96% 96%
5 3% 5% 8% 10% 13% 15% 17% 20% 22% 24% 26% 28% 30% 32% 34% 35% 37% 39% 41% 42% 44% 45% 47% 48% 50% 51% 52% 54% 55% 56%
6 1% 1% 2% 3% 3% 4% 5% 5% 6% 7% 7% 8% 9% 9% 10% 10% 11% 12% 12% 13% 13% 14% 15% 15% 16% 16% 17% 17% 18% 19%
7 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 5% 5% 5% 5%
8 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
9 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
10 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
1 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 96% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 65% 88% 96% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
4 31% 53% 68% 78% 85% 90% 93% 95% 97% 98% 98% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
5 13% 24% 34% 43% 50% 57% 62% 67% 72% 75% 78% 81% 84% 86% 88% 89% 91% 92% 93% 94% 95% 95% 96% 96% 97% 97% 98% 98% 98% 98%
6 5% 10% 14% 19% 23% 27% 31% 34% 37% 41% 44% 46% 49% 52% 54% 57% 59% 61% 63% 65% 67% 68% 70% 71% 73% 74% 75% 77% 78% 79%
7 2% 4% 6% 7% 9% 11% 13% 14% 16% 18% 19% 21% 22% 24% 25% 27% 28% 30% 31% 32% 34% 35% 36% 37% 39% 40% 41% 42% 43% 44%
8 1% 1% 2% 3% 4% 4% 5% 6% 6% 7% 8% 8% 9% 10% 10% 11% 12% 12% 13% 14% 14% 15% 15% 16% 17% 17% 18% 18% 19% 20%
9 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 4% 5% 5% 5% 5% 6% 6% 6% 6% 7% 7% 7% 7% 8% 8%
10 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3%
1 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 86% 98% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
4 60% 84% 94% 98% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
5 36% 59% 74% 83% 89% 93% 96% 97% 98% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
6 20% 36% 49% 59% 67% 74% 79% 83% 86% 89% 91% 93% 94% 96% 96% 97% 98% 98% 99% 99% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
7 10% 20% 28% 36% 42% 48% 54% 59% 63% 67% 70% 73% 76% 79% 81% 83% 85% 86% 88% 89% 90% 91% 92% 93% 94% 94% 95% 95% 96% 96%
8 5% 10% 15% 20% 24% 28% 32% 36% 39% 42% 45% 48% 51% 54% 56% 58% 61% 63% 65% 67% 68% 70% 72% 73% 75% 76% 77% 78% 80% 81%
9 3% 5% 8% 10% 13% 15% 17% 20% 22% 24% 26% 28% 30% 32% 34% 35% 37% 39% 41% 42% 44% 45% 47% 48% 50% 51% 52% 54% 55% 56%
10 1% 3% 4% 5% 7% 8% 9% 10% 12% 13% 14% 15% 16% 17% 19% 20% 21% 22% 23% 24% 25% 26% 27% 28% 29% 30% 31% 32% 33% 34%
1 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 96% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
4 85% 98% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
5 68% 90% 97% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
6 50% 75% 88% 94% 97% 98% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
7 35% 58% 72% 82% 88% 92% 95% 97% 98% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
8 23% 41% 55% 65% 73% 80% 84% 88% 91% 93% 95% 96% 97% 98% 98% 99% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
9 15% 28% 39% 48% 56% 63% 68% 73% 77% 81% 84% 86% 88% 90% 92% 93% 94% 95% 96% 96% 97% 97% 98% 98% 98% 99% 99% 99% 99% 99%
10 10% 19% 26% 34% 40% 46% 51% 56% 60% 64% 68% 71% 74% 76% 79% 81% 82% 84% 86% 87% 88% 90% 91% 91% 92% 93% 94% 94% 95% 95%
1 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
4 97% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
5 93% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
6 84% 98% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
7 74% 93% 98% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
8 63% 86% 95% 98% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
9 52% 77% 89% 95% 97% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
10 42% 66% 80% 89% 93% 96% 98% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
1 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
2 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
3 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
4 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
5 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
6 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
7 98% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
8 97% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
9 94% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
10 91% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
6
7
Days
1
2
3
4
5
Availability No of people
Person N has high availability (7/8)
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

46. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
How much availability do we need to meet for
one hour with 85% probability?
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

47. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
How much availability do we need to meet for
one hour with 85% probability?
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
3 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2
4 6 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
5 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
6 7 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
7 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
8 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
9 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5
10 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
11 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
12 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
13 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
14 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
15 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6
16 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
17 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
18 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
19 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
20 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
Availability (hours/day) needed for a certain wait time (days) (85% prob)No of people

48. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
How much availability do we need to meet for
one hour with 85% probability?
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
3 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2
4 6 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
5 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
6 7 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
7 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
8 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
9 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5
10 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
11 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
12 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
13 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
14 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
15 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6
16 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
17 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
18 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
19 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
20 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
Availability (hours/day) needed for a certain wait time (days) (85% prob)No of people

49. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
What if we increase the number of people?
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
3 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2
4 6 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
5 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
6 7 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
7 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
8 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
9 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5
10 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
11 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
12 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
13 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
14 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
15 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6
16 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
17 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
18 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
19 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
20 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
Availability (hours/day) needed for a certain wait time (days) (85% prob)No of people

50. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Let’s draw the model in another way…
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

51. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Recognize this graph?
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund
Increasing
number of
people

52. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Hypothesis:
Planned meetings increase the need for
planned meetings.
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

53. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Do we book meetings because
we are booked in meetings?
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

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LKCE 2016
Arne Roock’s picture…
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

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LKCE 2016
How far can we get
without planned meetings?
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

56. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Hypothesis:
A high number of planned meetings
is a signal there are collaboration needs
queued up and waiting.
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

57. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
We know how to reduce queues and
lead times…
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

58. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Reduce batch size…
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

59. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Limit Work in Process…
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

60. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Example – The weekly meeting
A weekly meeting adds up to one week
lead time on each collaboration need
that is postponed to that meeting.
Assuming collaboration needs appear
evenly during a work week, average lead
time addition is 20 hours on each need.
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

61. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
The weekly meeting
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund
t
Collaboration needs emerges!
Weekly meeting
(60 min)
40 hours
40 hour interval => 20 hours average lead time

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LKCE 2016
Example – The daily meeting
Changing a 60 minute weekly meeting
to a 12 minute daily meeting,
reduces the average lead time addition
on collaboration needs
from 20 to 4 hours.
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

63. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
The daily meeting
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund
t
Collaboration needs emerges!
Daily
meeting
(12 min)
8 hour interval => 4 hours average lead time
Daily
meeting
(12 min)
Daily
meeting
(12 min)
Daily
meeting
(12 min)
Daily
meeting
(12 min)
8 hours 8 hours 8 hours8 hours8 hours

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LKCE 2016
Going from weekly to daily meetings
also reduces the number of
collaboration needs that are queued.
In a sense, work in process is reduced.
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

65. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
You also get almost the same reaction
time as a group of people that has
members with
7/8 one-hour-slot availability.
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

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LKCE 2016
Hour to meet
Availability No of people 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
7 1 88% 98% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
7 2 77% 95% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
7 3 67% 89% 96% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100%
7 4 59% 83% 93% 97% 99% 99% 100% 100%
7 5 51% 76% 88% 94% 97% 99% 99% 100%
7 6 45% 70% 83% 91% 95% 97% 98% 99%
7 7 39% 63% 78% 86% 92% 95% 97% 98%
7 8 34% 57% 72% 81% 88% 92% 95% 97%
7 9 30% 51% 66% 76% 83% 88% 92% 94%
7 10 26% 46% 60% 71% 78% 84% 88% 91%
How quickly can 7/8-hours-available people meet?
(One-hour slots)
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

67. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
What you don’t get is the same amount
of collaboration time…
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

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LKCE 2016
What if we could remove almost
all booked meetings?
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

69. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Let’s assume this means we can count
with 15 minute slots instead…
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

70. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Let’s only allow 4x15 minutes
pre-booked meetings in average per day.
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

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LKCE 2016
15 minute-periodsto meet
Slotsperday Availability No of people 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
32 28 1 88% 98% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
32 28 2 77% 95% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
32 28 3 67% 89% 96% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
32 28 4 59% 83% 93% 97% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
32 28 5 51% 76% 88% 94% 97% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
32 28 6 45% 70% 83% 91% 95% 97% 98% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
32 28 7 39% 63% 78% 86% 92% 95% 97% 98% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
32 28 8 34% 57% 72% 81% 88% 92% 95% 97% 98% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100%
32 28 9 30% 51% 66% 76% 83% 88% 92% 94% 96% 97% 98% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100%
32 28 10 26% 46% 60% 71% 78% 84% 88% 91% 94% 95% 97% 97% 98% 99% 99% 99%
How quickly would people meet?
(15 minute slots, 4 booked slots average)
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

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LKCE 2016
Collaboration needs are now met within
one hour instead…
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

73. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Collaboration need lead time average
Weekly meetings: 20 hours
Daily meetings: 4 hours
On demand (high availability): 1 hour
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

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LKCE 2016
What drives the number of meetings
apart from “habit”?
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

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LKCE 2016
Meeting techniques and structure?
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

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LKCE 2016
The sheer amount of “stuff” going on
and how it is structured?
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

77. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Some ideas to consider…
• Weekly meetings with multiple issues?
– Replace with daily short meetings?
• Meetings with small number of people (2-5?)
– Try to run them immediately or within a day or two?
– Not possible? Is that possibly a sign that too much is going on?
• Status report meetings
– Replace with visualizations and short standup meetings?
• Have parts of the day meeting-free in the whole organization?
– Some companies do this.
• Visualize ongoing work including non-value-flow things
– Use WIP-limits, ”pull”, ”slice the elephant”, etc…
– Also for non-development groups/teams/work?
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

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LKCE 2016
What would remain in the calendar?
• Short coordination meetings?
– To communicate collaboration needs.
• True work meetings?
– Where people really have to work together without interruption.
– Those people from different work groups/teams.
• Meetings that involve a large number of people?
– These are tricky to have on-demand.
• Meetings that have to be very long?
– I e those that REALLY have to be very long...
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

79. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
A model is a model,
reality is always more complex…
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

80. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LKCE 2016
Feel free to try:
Viewing people’s calendars as
queues of collaboration needs…
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

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LKCE 2016
See what ideas that leads to…
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

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LKCE 2016
Drop me a line and share your thoughts!
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund

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LKCE 2016
Thank you!
Martin Bäcklund
@mgbacklund
mgbacklund@gmail.com
https://se.linkedin.com/in/mgbacklund
mgbacklund@gmail.com
@mgbacklund
Martin Bäcklund