Presentation slides for ZGIS selected topics lecture series: GIS in mobility research and planning

1. Selected Topics:
GIS in Mobility Research
and Planning
Martin Loidl
Department of Geoinformatics, Z_GIS
University of Salzburg
martin.loidl@sbg.ac.at | http://gicycle.wordpress.com

2. GI
Mobility
Lab
GIS
for
intelligent
Mobility
solutions
Modelling
Analysis
Appli-
cation
Consulting
Research
We strongly believe that spatial information
systems can bridge traditional domains
that deal with mobility and foster new and
innovative ways to analyze, plan and
manage our daily mobility demands.

3. www.zgis.at/gimobility
gimobility@sbg.ac.at
@gimobility
gimobility.wordpress.com

4. Mobility
4

5. Mobility
 „Ability to move (people and/or goods) in time and
physical space.“ (» transportation)
5
http://www.lgcns.co.kr
Bogota

6. Modes
 Aviation
 Utility infrastructure (cable, pipeline …)
 Ship
 Space
 Land-based
 Rail
 Road
6
http://www.telegraph.co.uk
http://www.axis-security.co.uk
http://www.mccrackenmotorfreight.com
http://www.nasa.gov
http://www.allianz-pro-schiene.de
Classification according to federal bureau of statistics (Statistik Austria), modified.

7. Benefits of being mobile
 Is mobility per se benefitial?
 No: must serve a purpose
 Yes: as recreational activity
 What was the purpose of your last trips?
7

8. Being mobile
8
https://www.bmvit.gv.at

9. Accessibility
 Focus solely on mobility as such of little help
 Accessibility as major parameter
 Costs and restrictions:
 Distance
 Time
 Monetary costs
 Availability of transportation
 Physical barriers
 Legal barriers
 Emotional barriers
 …
9
http://blogs-images.forbes.com
http://www.svv-info.at
http://www.meinbezirk.at
http://upload.wikimedia.org
http://web.de

10. Accessibility
 Accessibility directly affects amount and mode of mobility
10
http://en.wikipedia.org
Dharavi (Mumbai)
1 million inhabitants within 2,2 km²
San Jose (Cal.)
1 million inhabitants within 457,2 km²
http://en.wikipedia.org

11. San Jose (Cal.)
11
http://www.sanjoseca.gov
Mega commuters =
>90 min, >50 miles
• San Jose: 1.9%
• Nat. average: 0,82%
Rapino & Fields (2013), Mega Commuters in the U.S.
http://www.mercurynews.com

12. Geography
12
Mobility Geography
http://www.stats.govt.nzhttp://www.kcet.org
L.A. 1961 Commuter relations NZ

13. Geography
 Where you and the facilities you want/need to go to are,
decides on the amount and mode of mobility.
13
MCDONALD, N. C. 2007. Active Transportation to School: Trends Among U.S. Schoolchildren, 1969–2001. American Journal of
Preventive Medicine, 32, 509-516.
Mobility Geography

14. Geography
 Where you and the facilities you want/need to go to are,
decides on the amount and mode of mobility.
14
Statistik Austria (2014)
Mobility Geography

15. Geography
 Where you and the facilities you want/need to go to are,
decides on the amount and mode of mobility.
15
Mobility Geography

16. Geography
 In order to facilitate mobility, transportation systems
are necessary. They shape geography and influence
behaviour.
16
http://blogs.worldbank.orghttp://kulturerleben.salzburgresearch.at/poi/landeskrankenhaus/
Mobility Geography

17. Geography
17
 In order to facilitate mobility, transportation systems
are necessary. They shape geography and influence
behaviour.
http://kulturerleben.salzburgresearch.at/poi/landeskrankenhaus/
Losing roads as public spaces
Mobility Geography

18. Geography
18
 In order to facilitate mobility, transportation systems
are necessary. They shape geography and influence
behaviour.
http://www.sutp.org
Mobility Geography
How to use limited space?!
http://www.freeairpump.com

19. Geography
19
http://www.nytimes.com
http://www.nytimes.com
Hutongs in Beijing (China)
Mobility Geography
For who do we plan our cities?

20. Geography
 Reduce necessity to travel (reduce mobility)
 Ensure efficient and sustainable mobility
 Minimize social/environmental impact of mobility
20
http://en.wikipedia.org http://www.eea.europa.eu http://gallagher-photo.com

21. Necessity to Travel
21
http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr
The cities will be part of the country; I shall
live 30 miles from my office in one
direction, under a pine tree; my secretary
will live 30 miles away from it too, in the
opposite direction, under another pine
tree. We shall both have our own car.
 Le Corbusier‘s
car-centric,
urban utopia:
spatial
separation of
functions
Plan Voisin

22. Necessity to Travel
22
Urban sprawl north of Salzburg Monterey Park (east of LA)
Google Earth, Google Streetview
Car-centric planning and mobility paradigm

23. What GIS can offer
 Reduce necessity to travel
 Where to plan new residential areas?
 Where to locate schools, grocery stores, physician …?
 How to connect these facilities?
23

24. 24
MORECO
 Calculates accessibility of
infrastructure and
estimates mobility effort for
any address point
 http://www.moreco.at/siedl
ungsrechner/

25. GIS
 Which GIS functionalities are implemented in applications
such as „MORECO Siedlungskostenrechner“?
 Overlay
 Buffer
 Network analysis (shortest path)
25
http://learn.environment.utoronto.ca
http://www.ukurtanah.com http://wiki.openstreetmap.org

26. Location optimization
26
Closest facility analysis Service areas

27. Connect Facilities: PT
 Spatial, multi-criteria
optimization problem
 Distance to next access
point
 Infrastructure at access
point
 Departure intervals
 Connections
 Travel time
 Vehicle rotation
 …
27
http://www.mobilitaet21.de

28. Connect Facilites:
Active Transport Modes
28
http://news.thomasnet.com
http://gearjunkie.com

29. Geography
 Reduce necessity to travel (reduce mobility)
 Ensure efficient and sustainable mobility
 Minimize social/environmental impact of mobility
29
http://en.wikipedia.org http://www.eea.europa.eu http://gallagher-photo.com

30. Efficiency
30
http://www.fairkehr.nethttp://www.salzburg.com
Time * Space * Money

31. Efficiency
 Commuters in AT: Ø 1.07 persons/car (VCÖ)
 Time and money loss due to congestion (EC, TomTom)
 Istanbul: delay per hour driven = 59 min
 1% of EU GDP lost (AT: 0.6% ≈ 1.8 billion €)
31
http://www.tomtom.com http://lh3.ggpht.com

32. Efficiency
 Space required depending on mode of transport
32
http://www.flow-n.eu

33. Sustainability
 Ecological sustainability
 Air quality
 Noise
 Ressource demand (fossil fuel, space, …)
33
http://www.laerminfo.at
http://www.salzburg.com
http://www.klimaplastischer-naturschutz.de

34. Sustainability
 Social sustainability
 Exposure to negative effects
 Accessibility of transportation
 Necessity to travel (place of residence – workplace)
34
http://www.salzburg.com http://pts.researchstudio.at http://www.trulia.com
Exposure to noise and polluted air Distance to PT stop Real estate prices NYC

35. Sustainability
 Economic sustainability
 External effects
 Cost allocation
35
http://www.strabag.com
Construction
Maintainance
Externalities: e.g. health care
http://www.stefanie-boege.de
9,000 km for 150g
strawberry yogurt

36. 36
http://www.sfexaminer.com
Need for efficient and
sustainable mobility is evident

37. What GIS can offer
 Spatial intelligence
 Telematics
 Mobility/traffic management
 Analysis
 Status quo (quality, accessibility etc.)
 Simulation
 Route planning & Information
37
http://www.roadtraffic-technology.com

38. ITS
38

39. Mobility as a Service
 Pay as you go, independently from mode
39
http://www.fluidtime.com
http://smile-einfachmobil.at/

40. Floating Car Data
 Estimating traffic volumes in real-time
 Application examples?
 Spatial technology?
40
https://www.its-austriawest.at/salzburg/verkehrslage
http://www.salzburgresearch.at
http://farm8.static.flickr.com
http://www.ebe-solutions.at
http://www.ecutool.com
https://ngageoint.github.io
http://i.stack.imgur.com

41. Quality Assessment
41

42. Planning
42

43. Routing
43

44. Information
 Promotion of sustainable modes of transportation
through information
44

45. Geography
 Reduce necessity to travel (reduce mobility)
 Ensure efficient and sustainable mobility
 Minimize social/environmental impact of mobility
45
http://en.wikipedia.org http://www.eea.europa.eu http://gallagher-photo.com

46. Impacts of Mobility
 Occupation of (public) road space
 Exposure to traffic
 Mobility habits
46
http://www.salzburg.com
http://walmart-enviro.pbworks.com
http://www.bbc.com

47. Road Space
Salzburg
 65,6 km²
 5,8 km² Road space
47
Who owns the road?

48. Occupation
48
http://fuer-mensch-und-umwelt.de
http://www.dailymail.co.uk

49. Occupation
49

50. Exposure
50
Inhabitants per 125x125 grid cell and
daily traffic volume in Salzburg.

51. Exposure
51
Academics (rate) per 250x250 grid cell and
daily traffic volume in Salzburg.

52. Mobility Habits
52
ILLEK, G. & MAYER, I. 2013.
Radverkehr in Zahlen - Daten,
Fakten und Stimmungen.
Wien: BMVIT.

53. Mobility Habits
53
http://www.salzburg24.at
http://maps.google.at

54. What GIS can offer
 Overlay
 Collect, analysis multiple perspectives on road space
 „Communication“ platform
 Analysis
 Status quo
 Raise awareness
 Provide intelligent/specific information
54

55. Multiple Perspectives
55
Cool, no cars on the
road. I can enjoy a
safe ride!
Stupid pedestrians.
Watch out – the street
is mine!
How beautiful it would
be if this park were
larger. I‘d remove the
parking lots.
A pedestrian zone
would raise the urban
quality enormously.

56. Multiple Perspectives
 GIS facilitates integrated approach
56

57. Urban Emotion
57
http://www.geog.uni-heidelberg.de

58. Exposure - Location Matters
 Spatially intelligent sensoring for evidence-based and
informed decissions
58

59. Information
59

60. Information
60

61. Synthesis
 Mobility is a spatial phenomenom by its very nature
 GIS facilitates integrated approach – GIS is everywhere
 Analysis
 Planning
 Operation
 GIS addresses ecological, economical and social
implications of mobility
 Mobility is a function of space ↔ Mobility shapes space
 GIS helps to make these interdependences visible
 Spatial analysis for informed decissions
61
@gicycle_
gicycle.wordpress.com
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