The requirement to provide balance for rotating systems is a vital component in ensuring long, reliable service. This document describes a graphical method that can be used to determine the out of balance forces of such a system and the correct size and position of the balance weight required to do this. A worked example of the method is shown.
3. Balancing of Shafts A shaft ABCD is 0.6m long and rotates in bearings at A and D which allow the ends of the shaft freedom of direction (i.e. the shaft is simply supported). Masses of 2kg and 2.5kg located at radii 50mm and 60mm are attached to the shaft at B and C.
4. When viewed from end D, the mass at C is 120 o clockwise from the mass at B. If AB = BC = CD = 0.2m The shaft rotates at 210 rev/min. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the dynamic reactions at the bearings .
5. The first step, is to sketch the layout of the shaft with relative dimensions 0.6 0.4 0.2 A B C D
7. Second step: Produce a table Plane m (Kg) r (m) mr (Kgm) x (m) mr x (Kgm 2 ) A m A r A m A r A 0 0 B 2 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.02 C 2.5 0.06 0.15 0.4 0.06 D m D r D m D r D 0.6 0.6 m D r D
8. Third step: Construct the mr x diagram or polygon, using a scale of 1mm = 0.001 Kgm 2 120 o 79 o 0.02 Kgm 2 0.06 Kgm 2 0.6 m D r D
9. From the mr x diagram measure the moment which represents 0.6 m D r D 0.6 m D r D = 53 x 0.001 Kgm 2 = 0.053 Kgm 2 m D r D = 0.053 / 0.6 = 0.0883 Kgm The angle is also measured anticlockwise from B is 79 o
10. Fourth step: The mass - radius polygon can now be constructed. This is known as the mr diagram d A =134 o 0.15kgm b a c 0.1Kgm 0.0883kgm m A r A Scale used 1mm = 0.001 Kgm 2
11. Fifth step: The vector has to be measured at this point; its value is 30.1mm m A r A = 30.1 x 0.002kgm = 0.0602 Kgm The angle =134 o measured anticlockwise from B The centripetal force F = mr 2 Where = 210 rpm x 2 rad/rev = 22 rad/s 60(sec/min)
12. At bearing A F A = 0.0602 Kgm x (22 rad/s) 2 = 29.1 N R A = - F A = -29.1N The minus sign indicating that the direction is opposite to the direction F A
13. Sixth step: Produce a diagram showing the direction of bearing reactions B R A R B C F A F B 134 O 79 O