7. KINDS OF JUSTICE
BASED ON THREE POSSIBLE KINDS OF RELATIONSHIPS
INDIVIDUAL - SOCIETY SOCIETY - INDIVIDUAL
INDIVIDUAL - INDIVIDUAL
1. LEGAL 2. COMMUTATIVE 3. DISTRIBUTIVE
A. GENERAL JUSTICE B. PARTICULAR JUSTICE
8. LEGAL JUSTICE
INDIVIDUAL PERSON
TO SOCIETY
OBJECT: COMMON GOOD
COMMON GOOD
IS ABOVE
PERSONAL GOOD.
CARRIED OUT BY CITIZENS
IN OBEDIENCE
TO JUST LAWS
ENFORCED BY
CIVIL AUTHORITIES.
9. LEGAL JUSTICE IS ESTABLISHED BY LAWS
THROUGH WHICH LEADERS DIRECT CITIZENS
TOWARDS THE ACHIEVEMENT OF COMMON GOOD
10. COMMUTATIVE JUSTICE
DIRECTS RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL PERSONS
ALSO KNOWN AS COMPENSATORY/CONTRACTUAL JUSTICE.
REGULATED BY:
PRIVATE RIGHTS OF CONTRACTS AND DEMANDS.
EXCHANGES BETWEEN PERSONS MUST BE OF EQUAL VALUE
17. DEMAND OF JUSTICE
TO RETURN TO OTHERS
WHAT BELONGS TO THEM
SO THAT THEY WILL HAVE
THEIR JUST SHARE
OF THE GOODS OF THE EARTH
18. PRIMACY
OF THE UNIVERSAL DESTINY
OF THE GOODS OF THE EARTH.
19. THREE INTER-RELATED
QUESTIONS
CAN MEN POSSESS
EXTERNAL GOODS?
IS IT LAWFUL FOR MAN TO
POSSESS GOODS AS HIS
OWN?
IS IT JUSTIFIABLE FOR A
MAN IN NEED TO STEAL?
20. CAN MEN POSSESS EXTERNAL GOODS?
A. WITH REGARD TO THEIR
NATURE:
NO
ONLY GOD HAS THE
SOVEREIGN POWER
OR DOMINION
OVER ALL THINGS
22. IS IT LAWFUL FOR MAN TO
POSSESS GOODS AS HIS OWN?
IT IS NECESSARY FOR MAN
TO POSSESS EXTERNAL
GOODS
23. MAN TAKES CARE OF THINGS
WHICH ARE HIS SOLE
RESPONSIBILITY.
HUMAN AFFAIRS
ARE MORE EFFICIENT,
IF EACH PERSON HAS HIS
OWN RESPONSIBILITY.
MAN LIVE TOGETHER IN
GREATER PEACE,
WHEN EVERYONE IS CONTENT
WITH WHAT IS HIS.
24. IS IT JUSTIFIABLE FOR A MAN IN NEED TO STEAL?
AS A LAST RESORT, YES!
25. BECAUSE IN CASE OF
NECESSITY,
EVERYTHING IS HELD IN
COMMON.
TO TAKE WHAT IS NEEDED IS
NOT A THEFT BUT A RIGHT.
THE RIGHT TO LIFE IS ABOVE
THE RIGHT TO PROPERTY.
26. THE POOR IN NEED MAY,
AND SHOULD TAKE
FROM THE
SQUANDERING
AND SELFISH RICH
THE RICH ARE OBLIGED
TO GIVE TO THE NEEDY
WHAT THEY DO NOT
NEED
28. HUMAN DIGNITY AND RIGHTS
THE HUMAN PERSON POSSESSESS DIGNITY
THAT HAS NO PRICE BUT VALUE
(IMMANUEL KANT)
29. HUMAN DIGNITY
RELATED TO GOODNESS, EXCELLENCE AND, PERFECTION
CHRISTIAN POINT OF VIEW
THREE PERSPECTIVES:
IMAGE OF GOD
CHILD OF GOD
DESTINED FOR
ETERNAL LIFE
31. HUMAN DIGNITY MEANS:
POSSESSION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
ESSENTIAL
CHARACTERISTICS:
UNIVERSALITY
NEITHER ACQUIRED
NOT LOST
DO NOT
ADMIT DEGREES
32. HUMAN RIGHTS
IN RELATION TO
THINGS, POWERS OR
PRIVILEGES
TO WHICH INDIVIDUAL
HAVE A JUST CLAIM OR
ARE ENTITLED TO
UNDER NATURAL LAW
AS A CONSEQUENCE
OF BEING HUMAN
33. TWO KINDS OF RIGHTS
1. NATURAL RIGHTS
RIGHTS THAT COME FROM
HUMAN NATURE ITSEF
EXIST PRIOR TO ANY FORM
OF HUMAN ORGANIZATION
OR INSTITUTION
34. 2. LEGAL RIGHTS
GRANTED TO CITIZENS
BY THE GOVERNMENT
SPECIFIC TO
PARTICULAR CULTURES
SUBJECT TO SOCIAL
CONSIDERATIONS
36. RIGHTS AND DUTIES ARE CORELATIVE:
TO ONE MAN’S RIGHTS
THERE CORRESPONDS A DUTY IN ALL OTHER PERSONS
37. TWO STAGES THAT MANIFEST
THE FUNDAMENTAL
CORRELATION
BETWEEN RIGHTS AND DUTIES
FIRST STAGE:
WHEN THE POSSESOR
IS CONSCIOUS OF HIS RIGHTS
AND IS EQUALLY AWARE
OF HIS DUTIES AND
OBLIGATION
TO DISCHARGE THESE DUTIES
38. SECOND STAGE:
COMES ABOUT IN
THE RELATIONSHIP
THAT EXISTS
BETWEEN THE RIGHT
OF THE PERSON
AND THE
OBLIGATION OF
OTHERS
TO RECOGNIZE AND
RESPECT IT.
40. PREFERENTIAL
OPTION FOR THE POOR
NATURE OF THE OPTION
DECISION AND
COMMITMENT
IN FAVOR OF THE POOR
THE CHOICE
OF THE POOR
AS A PRIORITY OF
CHRISTIAN WITNESSING
TO JUSTICE
41. DEMANDS:
1. SOLIDARITY
WITH THE POOR
REQUIRES GENUINE
UNDERSTANDING OF THE
WORLD OF THE POOR
DEMANDS A LIFE STYLE
THAT IS SIMPLE, SOBER
AND, AUSTERE
WE MUST LIVE SIMPLY
SO THAT OTHERS
MAY SIMPLY LIVE
42. 2. DENUNCIATION AND
STRUGGLE
AGAINST INJUSTICE AND
OPPRESSION
TO OPT AGAINST THE UNJUST
SITUATION OF THE POOR
TO HAVE A COMMITIMENT
AGAINST INJUSTICE
43. 3. CONSCIENTIZATION
OF THE POOR
THE POOR
MUST BE TAUGHT
TO RECOGNIZE AND
THEIR PROBLEMS
AND THEIR CAUSES
44. 4. ORGANIZATION
OF THE POOR
REAL TRANSFORMATION
TAKES PLACE ONLY
WHEN THE POOR ARE ABLE
TO ACHIEVE THEIR
DEVELOPMENT
BASED ON THEIR INHERENT
DIGNITY AND RESOURCES.
45. THE POOR HAVE THE MOST URGENT MORAL CLAIM
ON THE CONSCIENCE OF THE NATION
46. WE ARE CALLED TO LOOK AT PUBLIC POLICY DECISIONS
IN TERMS OF HOW THEY AFFECT THE POOR.
56. WORK IS NOT ONLY A
HUMAN RIGHT BUT ALSO
AN OBLIGATION
EVERYONE HAS A MORAL
OBLIGATION
TO WORK
TO MAINTAIN AND
DEVELOP HIS HUMANITY
FOR HIS FAMILY, COUNTRY
AND THE WHOLE HUMAN
COMMUNITY
