Operations research is a method that uses scientific principles and quantitative analysis to help management make strategic decisions. It was first developed systematically in the late 1930s in the UK to aid military strategy during World War II. Since then, operations research has been applied across various fields like industry, agriculture, and planning. It involves interdisciplinary teams using analytical methods like linear programming, simulation, and decision theory to solve organizational problems in a methodological, objective way.

1. INTRODUCTION TO
OPERATIONS RESEARCH

2. INTRODUCTION
Operations Research is the method of
analysis by which management receives aid
for their decisions. Though the name of this
method, Operation Research (O.R.) is
relatively new, but the method used for this
is not a new one. Operation Research is
concerned with the application of the
principles and the methods of science to the
problems of strategy.

3. HISTORY OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH
 Operation Research is a relatively new discipline. It
was really only in the late 1930's that operational
research began in a systematic fashion, and it
started in the UK.
 The subject of operation research was born during
Second World War in U.K., and was used for
military strategy. After the World War II, it was
started applying in the fields of industry, trade,
agriculture, planning and various other fields of
economy.

4. MEANING OF OPERATIONS
RESEARCH
Operations Research is the method of
analysis by which management receives aid
for their decisions. Though the name of this
method, Operation Research (O.R.) is
relatively new, but the method used for this
is not a new one. Operation Research is
concerned with the application of the
principles and the methods of science to the
problems of strategy.

5. DEFINITIONS OF OR
 OR is the systematic application of
quantitative methods, techniques and tools
to the analysis of problems involving the
operations of systems” – Daelenbash and
George
 “OR is a scientific approach to problem
solving for executive management” –
Wagner.

6. GENERAL METHODS FOR SOLVING
O.R MODELS
Analytic method
Iterative method
Monte- Carlo method

7. SCOPE OF OPERATION
RESEARCH
In Agriculture
In Finance
In Industry
In Marketing
In Personnel Management
In Production

8. APPLICATIONS OF
OPERATIONS RESEARCH
Accounting
Construction
Facilitate Planning
Finance
Manufacturing
Marketing
Human Resource
Purchasing
Research and Development

9. CHARACTERISTICS (FEATURES)
OF OPERATION RESEARCH
(i) Inter-Disciplinary Team Approach
(ii) Wholistic Approach to the System
(iii) Methodological Approach
(iv) Objective Approach
(v) Decision Making Approach
(vi) Digital Computer

10. PHASES OF OPERATIONS
RESEARCH
(i) Judgment Phase
(ii) Research Phase
(iii) Action Phase

11. LIMITATIONS OF OR
i) Distance between O.R. specialist and
Manager
ii) Magnitude of Calculations
iii) Money and Time Costs
iv) Non-quantifiable Factors
v) Implementation

12. OR TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES
Linear Programming
Game Theory
Decision Theory
Queuing Theory
Inventory Models
Simulation
Non-linear Programming
Dynamic Programming
Integer Programming
Markov Process
Network Scheduling
Information Theory

13. OR AND DECISION-MAKING
i) Better Control
ii) Better Coordination
iii) Better System
iv) Better Decisions

14. THANK YOU