1. The document discusses the optimization of a characterization bench for micro and nano optical components such as waveguides.
2. A key part of the optimization is the automatic control of piezo controllers to precisely align the fiber and waveguide facets, which is important for evaluating propagation losses using the Fabry-Perot interferometric method.
3. The characterization bench uses a tunable laser, infrared camera, and power meter to visualize and measure the optical mode and propagation losses in lithium niobate waveguides.
Charge Sharing Suppression in Single Photon Processing Pixel Arrayijeei-iaes
This paper proposes a mechanism for suppression of charge sharing in single photon processing pixel array by introducing additional circuit. The idea of the proposed mechanism is that in each pixel only analog part will introduced, the digital part is shared between each four pixels, this leads to reduce the number of transistors (area). By having communication pixels, a decision that which one of the neighboring pixels shall collect the distributed charges is taken. The functionality, which involves analog and digital behaviors, is modeled in VHDL.
EVALUATION OF RADIATED EMISSIONS FROM PCB AND CABLES AT POST-LAYOUT LEVELPiero Belforte
This document presents a study evaluating methods to predict radiated emissions from printed circuit boards (PCBs) and attached cables at the design stage. It tests models of the radiated emissions of simple two-layer PCBs with and without an attached cable by comparing simulations to measurements. For PCBs alone, a model using Hertzian dipoles accurately predicts differential mode emissions. A more accurate model is then presented which considers both differential and common mode emissions, where common mode radiation is caused by ground noise on the PCB. The document finds that accounting for this ground noise is important when a cable is attached to the PCB, as the cable can be excited by this common mode signal. Improving the models to predict emissions earlier
This document describes two techniques for designing optical XNOR and NAND logic gates. The first technique uses a 2D array of coupled optical cavities with Kerr nonlinearity. Discrete cavity solitons are numerically simulated and used to demonstrate optical XNOR and NAND gates by controlling soliton interactions with a Gaussian beam. The second technique uses multi-mode interference waveguides to convert the phase of binary-phase-shift keying input signals to amplitude at the output, implementing optical XNOR and NAND logic. Numerical simulations using the finite element method show contrast ratios of 21.5 dB for the XNOR gate and 22.3 dB for the NAND gate.
This document summarizes Ashok Prabhu Masilamani's Ph.D. presentation on advanced silicon microring resonator devices for optical signal processing. It introduces microring resonators and their use in optical filters. It outlines Masilamani's research goals to explore new coupled microring topologies that can realize complex transfer functions. The document demonstrates experimental fabrication and testing of microring filters in silicon-on-insulator material. It also shows thermal tuning of microring resonances using integrated microheaters. The research contributes new coupled microring architectures and synthesis techniques for advanced optical signal processing.
DESPECKLING OF SAR IMAGES BY OPTIMIZING AVERAGED POWER SPECTRAL VALUE IN CURV...ijistjournal
The document describes a novel algorithm for despeckling synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images using particle swarm optimization (PSO) in the curvelet domain. The algorithm first identifies homogeneous regions in the speckled image using variance calculations. It then uses PSO to optimize the thresholding of curvelet coefficients, with the objective of minimizing the average power spectral value. This provides an optimized threshold to apply curvelet-based despeckling. The proposed method is tested on standard images and shown to outperform conventional filters like median and Lee filters in reducing speckle noise.
DESPECKLING OF SAR IMAGES BY OPTIMIZING AVERAGED POWER SPECTRAL VALUE IN CURV...ijistjournal
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images are inherently affected by multiplicative speckle noise, due to the coherent nature of scattering phenomena. In this paper, a novel algorithm capable of suppressing speckle noise using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is presented. The algorithm initially identifies homogenous region from the corrupted image and uses PSO to optimize the Thresholding of curvelet coefficients to recover the original image. Average Power Spectrum Value (APSV) has been used as objective function of PSO. The Proposed algorithm removes Speckle noise effectively and the performance of the algorithm is tested and compared with Mean filter, Median filter, Lee filter, Statistic Lee filter, Kuan filter, frost filter and gamma filter., outperforming conventional filtering methods.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A DATA TRANSMISSION SYSTEM USING LI-FI TECHNOLOGY OWOLABI Yussuf Kehinde
The use of light as a means to transmit data has been coined Li-Fi (Light – Fidelity). The high-speed communication technology is similar to Wi-Fi but is faster, allowing you to send and receive more data in less time.
1. The document discusses the optimization of a characterization bench for micro and nano optical components such as waveguides.
2. A key part of the optimization is the automatic control of piezo controllers to precisely align the fiber and waveguide facets, which is important for evaluating propagation losses using the Fabry-Perot interferometric method.
3. The characterization bench uses a tunable laser, infrared camera, and power meter to visualize and measure the optical mode and propagation losses in lithium niobate waveguides.
Charge Sharing Suppression in Single Photon Processing Pixel Arrayijeei-iaes
This paper proposes a mechanism for suppression of charge sharing in single photon processing pixel array by introducing additional circuit. The idea of the proposed mechanism is that in each pixel only analog part will introduced, the digital part is shared between each four pixels, this leads to reduce the number of transistors (area). By having communication pixels, a decision that which one of the neighboring pixels shall collect the distributed charges is taken. The functionality, which involves analog and digital behaviors, is modeled in VHDL.
EVALUATION OF RADIATED EMISSIONS FROM PCB AND CABLES AT POST-LAYOUT LEVELPiero Belforte
This document presents a study evaluating methods to predict radiated emissions from printed circuit boards (PCBs) and attached cables at the design stage. It tests models of the radiated emissions of simple two-layer PCBs with and without an attached cable by comparing simulations to measurements. For PCBs alone, a model using Hertzian dipoles accurately predicts differential mode emissions. A more accurate model is then presented which considers both differential and common mode emissions, where common mode radiation is caused by ground noise on the PCB. The document finds that accounting for this ground noise is important when a cable is attached to the PCB, as the cable can be excited by this common mode signal. Improving the models to predict emissions earlier
This document describes two techniques for designing optical XNOR and NAND logic gates. The first technique uses a 2D array of coupled optical cavities with Kerr nonlinearity. Discrete cavity solitons are numerically simulated and used to demonstrate optical XNOR and NAND gates by controlling soliton interactions with a Gaussian beam. The second technique uses multi-mode interference waveguides to convert the phase of binary-phase-shift keying input signals to amplitude at the output, implementing optical XNOR and NAND logic. Numerical simulations using the finite element method show contrast ratios of 21.5 dB for the XNOR gate and 22.3 dB for the NAND gate.
This document summarizes Ashok Prabhu Masilamani's Ph.D. presentation on advanced silicon microring resonator devices for optical signal processing. It introduces microring resonators and their use in optical filters. It outlines Masilamani's research goals to explore new coupled microring topologies that can realize complex transfer functions. The document demonstrates experimental fabrication and testing of microring filters in silicon-on-insulator material. It also shows thermal tuning of microring resonances using integrated microheaters. The research contributes new coupled microring architectures and synthesis techniques for advanced optical signal processing.
DESPECKLING OF SAR IMAGES BY OPTIMIZING AVERAGED POWER SPECTRAL VALUE IN CURV...ijistjournal
The document describes a novel algorithm for despeckling synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images using particle swarm optimization (PSO) in the curvelet domain. The algorithm first identifies homogeneous regions in the speckled image using variance calculations. It then uses PSO to optimize the thresholding of curvelet coefficients, with the objective of minimizing the average power spectral value. This provides an optimized threshold to apply curvelet-based despeckling. The proposed method is tested on standard images and shown to outperform conventional filters like median and Lee filters in reducing speckle noise.
DESPECKLING OF SAR IMAGES BY OPTIMIZING AVERAGED POWER SPECTRAL VALUE IN CURV...ijistjournal
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images are inherently affected by multiplicative speckle noise, due to the coherent nature of scattering phenomena. In this paper, a novel algorithm capable of suppressing speckle noise using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is presented. The algorithm initially identifies homogenous region from the corrupted image and uses PSO to optimize the Thresholding of curvelet coefficients to recover the original image. Average Power Spectrum Value (APSV) has been used as objective function of PSO. The Proposed algorithm removes Speckle noise effectively and the performance of the algorithm is tested and compared with Mean filter, Median filter, Lee filter, Statistic Lee filter, Kuan filter, frost filter and gamma filter., outperforming conventional filtering methods.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A DATA TRANSMISSION SYSTEM USING LI-FI TECHNOLOGY OWOLABI Yussuf Kehinde
The use of light as a means to transmit data has been coined Li-Fi (Light – Fidelity). The high-speed communication technology is similar to Wi-Fi but is faster, allowing you to send and receive more data in less time.
Toward an Electrically-Pumped Silicon Laser Modeling and Optimization_Thesis_...Daniel Riley
This document summarizes Daniel B. Riley's M.S. defense on modeling and optimization of an electrically-pumped silicon laser. It motivates the need for integrated silicon photonics to overcome bandwidth bottlenecks in microelectronics. It describes a Multi-University Research Initiative project to develop a silicon laser using alternating layers of erbium-doped oxide and silicon nanocrystals. Electromagnetic simulations and theoretical modeling are presented to optimize the layer structure for high optical confinement factors. Gain-loss analysis using finite-difference time-domain and transfer matrix methods aims to determine threshold conditions for net optical gain. Future work is proposed to better understand polarization behavior and energy transfer processes.
Generation of Quantum Photon Information Using Extremely Narrow Optical Tweez...University of Malaya (UM)
A system of microring resonator (MRR) is presented to generate extremely narrow optical tweezers. An add/drop filter system consisting of one centered ring and one smaller ring on the left side can be used to generate extremely narrow pulse of optical tweezers. Optical tweezers generated by the dark-Gaussian behavior propagate via the MRRs system, where the input Gaussian pulse controls the output signal at the drop port of the system. Here the output optical tweezers can be connected to a quantum signal processing system (receiver), where it can be used to generate high capacity quantum codes within series of MRR’s and an add/drop filter. Detection of the encoded signals known as quantum bits can be done by the receiver unit system. Generated entangled photon pair propagates via an optical communication link. Here, the result of optical tweezers with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.3 nm, 0.8 nm and 1.6 nm, 1.3 nm are obtained at the through and drop ports of the system respectively. These results used to be transmitted through a quantum signal processor via an optical computer network communication link.
Application of smart antenna interference suppression techniques in tdscdmamarwaeng
This document discusses the application of smart antenna interference suppression techniques in TD-SCDMA systems. It first provides background on TD-SCDMA and smart antenna technology. It then describes two adaptive beamforming algorithms - LMS and RLS - and simulates their performance at interference suppression in MATLAB. The simulation results show that both algorithms can effectively form a main beam towards the desired user and nulls towards interferers. RLS converges faster than LMS, though it has higher computational complexity. The study demonstrates that smart antenna techniques can improve signal quality in TD-SCDMA systems by suppressing interference.
Pietro Santoro characterized the power loss of an optical fiber splice in his laboratory session. He measured the input and output power of a spliced fiber to determine the power loss introduced by the splice. Poor core alignment, axial run-out, and gaps between fibers can cause power loss at a splice by disrupting the fiber's optical properties. Santoro set up the experiment using a laser diode, power meter, splicer and cleaver. He recorded the input and output power measurements to analyze the power loss of the splice.
Design of a Selective Filter based on 2D Photonic Crystals Materials IJECEIAES
Two dimensional finite differences temporal domain (2D-FDTD) numerical simulations are performed in cartesian coordinate system to determine the dispersion diagrams of transverse electric (TE) of a two-dimension photonic crystal (PC) with triangular lattice. The aim of this work is to design a filter with maximum spectral response close to the frequency 1.55 μm. To achieve this frequency, selective filters PC are formed by combination of three waveguides W 1 K A wherein the air holes have of different normalized radii respectively r 1 /a=0.44, r 2 /a=0.288 and r /a= 0.3292 (a: is the periodicity of the lattice with value 0.48 μm). Best response is obtained when we insert three small cylindrical cavities (with normalized radius of 0.17) between the two half-planes of photonic crystal strong lateral confinement.
Machine learning techniques such as neural networks and self-organizing maps are increasingly being used for structural health monitoring and fault detection in motors. These techniques can analyze sensor data to recognize patterns that indicate damage locations, sizes, or other faults. Feature extraction is required to transform raw sensor data into a training set for these algorithms by identifying relevant information and removing noise.
Design Of Area Delay Efficient Fixed-Point Lms Adaptive Filter For EEG Applic...IJTET Journal
An efficient architecture for the implementation of a delayed least mean square adaptive filter. A Novel
partial product Generator is achieving lower adaptation-delay and Area delay consumption and propose a strategy
for optimized balanced pipelining across the time-consuming combinational blocks of the structure. From synthesis
results, the proposed design will offers less area-delay product (ADP) the best of the existing systolic structures, on
average, for filter lengths N =8, 16, and 32. An efficient fixed-point implementation scheme of the proposed
architecture, The EEG(electroencephalogram) is used for recording of electrical activity of the brain .During
recording the EEG is contaminated by various artifacts as PLI(Power line interference), MA(Muscle artifact),
EBA(Eye blink artifact). This paper gives Detail of various artifacts which occur in EEG signal. In this we study
adaptive filter for reducing the EBA (eye blink artifact) noise from the EEG signal and to increase SNR (Signal to
noise ratio).the analytical result matches with the simulation result is showed.
An optimized discrete wavelet transform compression technique for image trans...IJECEIAES
Transferring images in a wireless multimedia sensor network (WMSN) knows a fast development in both research and fields of application. Nevertheless, this area of research faces many problems such as the low quality of the received images after their decompression, the limited number of reconstructed images at the base station, and the high-energy consumption used in the process of compression and decompression. In order to fix these problems, we proposed a compression method based on the classic discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Our method applies the wavelet compression technique multiple times on the same image. As a result, we found that the number of received images is higher than using the classic DWT. In addition, the quality of the received images is much higher compared to the standard DWT. Finally, the energy consumption is lower when we use our technique. Therefore, we can say that our proposed compression technique is more adapted to the WMSN environment.
Object tracking is one of the most important problems in modern visual systems and researches are
continuing their studies in this field. A suitable tracking method should not only be able to recognize and
track the related object in continuous frames, but should also provide a reliable and efficient reaction
against the phenomena disturbing tracking process including performance efficiency in real-time
applications. In this article, an effective mesh-based method is introduced as a suitable tracking method in
continuous frames. Also, its preference and limitation is discussed.
This document presents an adaptive mesh method for object tracking in video frames. The method uses an adaptive mesh structure instead of a uniform mesh, where nodes are selected adaptively between frames based on object movement. This provides more robustness to minor or major occlusions. The method estimates background to be covered and uncovered background regions, applies polygon approximation to model borders, and estimates optical flow for node movement. It was shown to effectively handle challenges in tracking like occlusions while maintaining real-time performance. Some limitations are its complexity and inability to guarantee occlusion of all inter-nodal regions.
A CPW-fed Rectangular Patch Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX ApplicationsIDES Editor
This paper presents a CPW fed Rectangular
shaped patch antenna for the frequency 3.42GHz which
falls in WiMAX and 5.25GHz for WLAN applications.
The measured -10dB impedance bandwidth is about
650MHz (2.98GHz-3.63GHz) for WiMAX and 833MHz
(4.95GHz-5.78GHz) for WLAN applications. The effect of
slot width, rectangular patch height, and substrate
dielectric constant have been evaluated. The results of
antenna are simulated by using Zeeland’s MOM based
IE3D tool. Two dimensional radiation patterns with
elevation and azimuth angles, VSWR<2, Return loss of
-24dB and -18dB for WiMAX and WLAN applications,
antenna efficiency about 90%, gain above 3.5dB are
obtained. The compact aperture area of the antenna is
46.2 X 41.66 mm2.
This document discusses the design and implementation of a universal set of integrated circuit gates for multiple valued logic (MVL) circuits using CMOS 180nm technology. MVL circuits can reduce the number of interconnections needed compared to binary circuits. The document proposes a universal set of five CMOS gates - Maximum, Successor, and three extended AND operators - that can be used to synthesize any quaternary (base-4) MVL circuit. It describes implementing the gates in voltage mode by comparing input voltages to threshold voltages to discriminate the four logic levels, and using control switches to set the output levels. The goal is to prove the feasibility of these MVL gates for synthesizing combinational and sequential circuits using the proposed M
Design of Resonators for Coupled Magnetic Resonance-based Wireless Power Tran...Quang-Trung Luu
Quang-Trung Luu, Duc-Hung Tran, Bao-Huy Nguyen, Yem Vu-Van, and Cao-Minh Ta, "Design of Resonators for Coupled Magnetic Resonance-based Wireless Power Transmission System," In Proc. Vietnam Conference on Control and Automation, Da Nang, Nov. 2013.
B.tech Major Project: In this project I have simulated the illuminance distribution, optical power distribution on received optical plane for Line of Sight(LOS) condition as well as Diffuse link, SNR distribution and graph showing the variation of RMS Delay Spread for different sample receiver positions using MATLAB.
An Unique Edge Preserving Noise Filtering Technique for Impulse Noise Removalsipij
Image de-noising is the technique to reduce noises from corrupted images. The aim of the image denoising is to improve the contrast of the image or perception of information in images for human viewers or to provide better output for other automated image processing techniques. This paper presents a new approach for color image de-noising with Fuzzy Filtering techniques using centroid method for defuzzification. It preserves any type of edges (including tiny edges) in any direction. The experimental result shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Semantic Video Segmentation with Using Ensemble of Particular Classifiers and...ITIIIndustries
A new approach based on the use of a deep neural network and an ensemble of particular classifiers is proposed. This approach is based on use of the novel block of fuzzy generalization for combines classes of objects into semantic groups, each of which corresponds to one or more particular classifiers. As result of processing, the sequence of frames is converted into the annotation of the event occurring in the video for a certain time interval
Design and manufacturing of iris waveguide filters for satellite communicationTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
We propose in this paper, two bandpass filters in waveguide technology having rectangular symmetrical discontinuities with a half-radius r, designed and operating respectively in the X-Band (9-11.5) GHz and C-Band (3.5-5.5) GHz. These filters consists of eight irises placed symmetrically respectively on standard rectangular waveguides WR90 and WR229 in which resonant irises are inserted. These irises are used to couple the sections very strongly in this filter, which allows the bandwidth to be increased and the matching to be controlled. The comparison between the numerical and electromagnetic results, which we obtained for the filters, constitutes a means of validation of computer simulation technology (CST) environment and Mician for the design of the other circuit elements in the various frequency bands. We observed excellent consistency between the simulation curves and those of the measurements. The results obtained are promising and pave the way for the use of these structures in the fields of telecommunications.
Design of Linear Array Transducer Using Ultrasound Simulation Program Field-IIinventy
This document summarizes a study that used the ultrasound simulation program Field II to model and simulate the pressure field generated by a linear array transducer and its propagation through biological tissue. The study designed a 16-element linear array transducer with Field II and simulated its impulse response. It then propagated the acoustic field through a human kidney tissue and observed the pressure profile and beam pattern at the focal point. The study also compared the impulse response, pressure field, beam pattern and detected images produced by linear arrays with 32 elements versus 64 elements. The results demonstrated Field II's ability to simulate ultrasound transducers and propagate fields through tissue.
A New Approach for Solving Inverse Scattering Problems with Overset Grid Gene...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents a new approach of Forward-Backward Time-Stepping (FBTS)
utilizing Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method with Overset Grid Generation (OGG)
method to solve the inverse scattering problems for electromagnetic (EM) waves. The proposed
FDTD method is combined with OGG method to reduce the geometrically complex problem to a
simple set of grids. The grids can be modified easily without the need to regenerate the grid
system, thus, it provide an efficient approach to integrate with the FBTS technique. Here, the
characteristics of the EM waves are analyzed. For the research mentioned in this paper, the
‘measured’ signals are syntactic data generated by FDTD simulations. While the ‘simulated’
signals are the calculated data. The accuracy of the proposed approach is validated. Good
agreements are obtained between simulation data and measured data. The proposed approach
has the potential to provide useful quantitative information of the unknown object particularly for
shape reconstruction, object detection and others.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
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Toward an Electrically-Pumped Silicon Laser Modeling and Optimization_Thesis_...Daniel Riley
This document summarizes Daniel B. Riley's M.S. defense on modeling and optimization of an electrically-pumped silicon laser. It motivates the need for integrated silicon photonics to overcome bandwidth bottlenecks in microelectronics. It describes a Multi-University Research Initiative project to develop a silicon laser using alternating layers of erbium-doped oxide and silicon nanocrystals. Electromagnetic simulations and theoretical modeling are presented to optimize the layer structure for high optical confinement factors. Gain-loss analysis using finite-difference time-domain and transfer matrix methods aims to determine threshold conditions for net optical gain. Future work is proposed to better understand polarization behavior and energy transfer processes.
Generation of Quantum Photon Information Using Extremely Narrow Optical Tweez...University of Malaya (UM)
A system of microring resonator (MRR) is presented to generate extremely narrow optical tweezers. An add/drop filter system consisting of one centered ring and one smaller ring on the left side can be used to generate extremely narrow pulse of optical tweezers. Optical tweezers generated by the dark-Gaussian behavior propagate via the MRRs system, where the input Gaussian pulse controls the output signal at the drop port of the system. Here the output optical tweezers can be connected to a quantum signal processing system (receiver), where it can be used to generate high capacity quantum codes within series of MRR’s and an add/drop filter. Detection of the encoded signals known as quantum bits can be done by the receiver unit system. Generated entangled photon pair propagates via an optical communication link. Here, the result of optical tweezers with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.3 nm, 0.8 nm and 1.6 nm, 1.3 nm are obtained at the through and drop ports of the system respectively. These results used to be transmitted through a quantum signal processor via an optical computer network communication link.
Application of smart antenna interference suppression techniques in tdscdmamarwaeng
This document discusses the application of smart antenna interference suppression techniques in TD-SCDMA systems. It first provides background on TD-SCDMA and smart antenna technology. It then describes two adaptive beamforming algorithms - LMS and RLS - and simulates their performance at interference suppression in MATLAB. The simulation results show that both algorithms can effectively form a main beam towards the desired user and nulls towards interferers. RLS converges faster than LMS, though it has higher computational complexity. The study demonstrates that smart antenna techniques can improve signal quality in TD-SCDMA systems by suppressing interference.
Pietro Santoro characterized the power loss of an optical fiber splice in his laboratory session. He measured the input and output power of a spliced fiber to determine the power loss introduced by the splice. Poor core alignment, axial run-out, and gaps between fibers can cause power loss at a splice by disrupting the fiber's optical properties. Santoro set up the experiment using a laser diode, power meter, splicer and cleaver. He recorded the input and output power measurements to analyze the power loss of the splice.
Design of a Selective Filter based on 2D Photonic Crystals Materials IJECEIAES
Two dimensional finite differences temporal domain (2D-FDTD) numerical simulations are performed in cartesian coordinate system to determine the dispersion diagrams of transverse electric (TE) of a two-dimension photonic crystal (PC) with triangular lattice. The aim of this work is to design a filter with maximum spectral response close to the frequency 1.55 μm. To achieve this frequency, selective filters PC are formed by combination of three waveguides W 1 K A wherein the air holes have of different normalized radii respectively r 1 /a=0.44, r 2 /a=0.288 and r /a= 0.3292 (a: is the periodicity of the lattice with value 0.48 μm). Best response is obtained when we insert three small cylindrical cavities (with normalized radius of 0.17) between the two half-planes of photonic crystal strong lateral confinement.
Machine learning techniques such as neural networks and self-organizing maps are increasingly being used for structural health monitoring and fault detection in motors. These techniques can analyze sensor data to recognize patterns that indicate damage locations, sizes, or other faults. Feature extraction is required to transform raw sensor data into a training set for these algorithms by identifying relevant information and removing noise.
Design Of Area Delay Efficient Fixed-Point Lms Adaptive Filter For EEG Applic...IJTET Journal
An efficient architecture for the implementation of a delayed least mean square adaptive filter. A Novel
partial product Generator is achieving lower adaptation-delay and Area delay consumption and propose a strategy
for optimized balanced pipelining across the time-consuming combinational blocks of the structure. From synthesis
results, the proposed design will offers less area-delay product (ADP) the best of the existing systolic structures, on
average, for filter lengths N =8, 16, and 32. An efficient fixed-point implementation scheme of the proposed
architecture, The EEG(electroencephalogram) is used for recording of electrical activity of the brain .During
recording the EEG is contaminated by various artifacts as PLI(Power line interference), MA(Muscle artifact),
EBA(Eye blink artifact). This paper gives Detail of various artifacts which occur in EEG signal. In this we study
adaptive filter for reducing the EBA (eye blink artifact) noise from the EEG signal and to increase SNR (Signal to
noise ratio).the analytical result matches with the simulation result is showed.
An optimized discrete wavelet transform compression technique for image trans...IJECEIAES
Transferring images in a wireless multimedia sensor network (WMSN) knows a fast development in both research and fields of application. Nevertheless, this area of research faces many problems such as the low quality of the received images after their decompression, the limited number of reconstructed images at the base station, and the high-energy consumption used in the process of compression and decompression. In order to fix these problems, we proposed a compression method based on the classic discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Our method applies the wavelet compression technique multiple times on the same image. As a result, we found that the number of received images is higher than using the classic DWT. In addition, the quality of the received images is much higher compared to the standard DWT. Finally, the energy consumption is lower when we use our technique. Therefore, we can say that our proposed compression technique is more adapted to the WMSN environment.
Object tracking is one of the most important problems in modern visual systems and researches are
continuing their studies in this field. A suitable tracking method should not only be able to recognize and
track the related object in continuous frames, but should also provide a reliable and efficient reaction
against the phenomena disturbing tracking process including performance efficiency in real-time
applications. In this article, an effective mesh-based method is introduced as a suitable tracking method in
continuous frames. Also, its preference and limitation is discussed.
This document presents an adaptive mesh method for object tracking in video frames. The method uses an adaptive mesh structure instead of a uniform mesh, where nodes are selected adaptively between frames based on object movement. This provides more robustness to minor or major occlusions. The method estimates background to be covered and uncovered background regions, applies polygon approximation to model borders, and estimates optical flow for node movement. It was shown to effectively handle challenges in tracking like occlusions while maintaining real-time performance. Some limitations are its complexity and inability to guarantee occlusion of all inter-nodal regions.
A CPW-fed Rectangular Patch Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX ApplicationsIDES Editor
This paper presents a CPW fed Rectangular
shaped patch antenna for the frequency 3.42GHz which
falls in WiMAX and 5.25GHz for WLAN applications.
The measured -10dB impedance bandwidth is about
650MHz (2.98GHz-3.63GHz) for WiMAX and 833MHz
(4.95GHz-5.78GHz) for WLAN applications. The effect of
slot width, rectangular patch height, and substrate
dielectric constant have been evaluated. The results of
antenna are simulated by using Zeeland’s MOM based
IE3D tool. Two dimensional radiation patterns with
elevation and azimuth angles, VSWR<2, Return loss of
-24dB and -18dB for WiMAX and WLAN applications,
antenna efficiency about 90%, gain above 3.5dB are
obtained. The compact aperture area of the antenna is
46.2 X 41.66 mm2.
This document discusses the design and implementation of a universal set of integrated circuit gates for multiple valued logic (MVL) circuits using CMOS 180nm technology. MVL circuits can reduce the number of interconnections needed compared to binary circuits. The document proposes a universal set of five CMOS gates - Maximum, Successor, and three extended AND operators - that can be used to synthesize any quaternary (base-4) MVL circuit. It describes implementing the gates in voltage mode by comparing input voltages to threshold voltages to discriminate the four logic levels, and using control switches to set the output levels. The goal is to prove the feasibility of these MVL gates for synthesizing combinational and sequential circuits using the proposed M
Design of Resonators for Coupled Magnetic Resonance-based Wireless Power Tran...Quang-Trung Luu
Quang-Trung Luu, Duc-Hung Tran, Bao-Huy Nguyen, Yem Vu-Van, and Cao-Minh Ta, "Design of Resonators for Coupled Magnetic Resonance-based Wireless Power Transmission System," In Proc. Vietnam Conference on Control and Automation, Da Nang, Nov. 2013.
B.tech Major Project: In this project I have simulated the illuminance distribution, optical power distribution on received optical plane for Line of Sight(LOS) condition as well as Diffuse link, SNR distribution and graph showing the variation of RMS Delay Spread for different sample receiver positions using MATLAB.
An Unique Edge Preserving Noise Filtering Technique for Impulse Noise Removalsipij
Image de-noising is the technique to reduce noises from corrupted images. The aim of the image denoising is to improve the contrast of the image or perception of information in images for human viewers or to provide better output for other automated image processing techniques. This paper presents a new approach for color image de-noising with Fuzzy Filtering techniques using centroid method for defuzzification. It preserves any type of edges (including tiny edges) in any direction. The experimental result shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Semantic Video Segmentation with Using Ensemble of Particular Classifiers and...ITIIIndustries
A new approach based on the use of a deep neural network and an ensemble of particular classifiers is proposed. This approach is based on use of the novel block of fuzzy generalization for combines classes of objects into semantic groups, each of which corresponds to one or more particular classifiers. As result of processing, the sequence of frames is converted into the annotation of the event occurring in the video for a certain time interval
Design and manufacturing of iris waveguide filters for satellite communicationTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
We propose in this paper, two bandpass filters in waveguide technology having rectangular symmetrical discontinuities with a half-radius r, designed and operating respectively in the X-Band (9-11.5) GHz and C-Band (3.5-5.5) GHz. These filters consists of eight irises placed symmetrically respectively on standard rectangular waveguides WR90 and WR229 in which resonant irises are inserted. These irises are used to couple the sections very strongly in this filter, which allows the bandwidth to be increased and the matching to be controlled. The comparison between the numerical and electromagnetic results, which we obtained for the filters, constitutes a means of validation of computer simulation technology (CST) environment and Mician for the design of the other circuit elements in the various frequency bands. We observed excellent consistency between the simulation curves and those of the measurements. The results obtained are promising and pave the way for the use of these structures in the fields of telecommunications.
Design of Linear Array Transducer Using Ultrasound Simulation Program Field-IIinventy
This document summarizes a study that used the ultrasound simulation program Field II to model and simulate the pressure field generated by a linear array transducer and its propagation through biological tissue. The study designed a 16-element linear array transducer with Field II and simulated its impulse response. It then propagated the acoustic field through a human kidney tissue and observed the pressure profile and beam pattern at the focal point. The study also compared the impulse response, pressure field, beam pattern and detected images produced by linear arrays with 32 elements versus 64 elements. The results demonstrated Field II's ability to simulate ultrasound transducers and propagate fields through tissue.
A New Approach for Solving Inverse Scattering Problems with Overset Grid Gene...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents a new approach of Forward-Backward Time-Stepping (FBTS)
utilizing Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method with Overset Grid Generation (OGG)
method to solve the inverse scattering problems for electromagnetic (EM) waves. The proposed
FDTD method is combined with OGG method to reduce the geometrically complex problem to a
simple set of grids. The grids can be modified easily without the need to regenerate the grid
system, thus, it provide an efficient approach to integrate with the FBTS technique. Here, the
characteristics of the EM waves are analyzed. For the research mentioned in this paper, the
‘measured’ signals are syntactic data generated by FDTD simulations. While the ‘simulated’
signals are the calculated data. The accuracy of the proposed approach is validated. Good
agreements are obtained between simulation data and measured data. The proposed approach
has the potential to provide useful quantitative information of the unknown object particularly for
shape reconstruction, object detection and others.
Ähnlich wie SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS OPTICAL LOSS COMPUTATION (20)
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
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We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
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The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
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The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
1. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
1
21PYB102J –Semiconductor Physics
Unit-III : Session- S8 : SLO-1
Numerical computation of
optical loss
21PYB102J Module-I Lecture-31
2. Optical loss
Definition:
Optical loss is the ‘reduction in intensity of light’ or reduction of optical
power as light propagates through a material or device.
It is usually expressed in units of decibels per unit length (dB/cm) or
decibels per unit distance (dB/m)
To numerically calculate optical loss, We can use the following formula:
Optical Loss (in dB) = -10log (Pout/Pin)
where Pout is the output optical power and Pin is the input optical power.
2
21PYB102J Module-I Lecture-31
3. Computation of optical loss
3
21PYB102J Module-I Lecture-31
Input power
(0.1mW)
Power
meter
(0.05mW)
Light Source Optical Fiber facility
Light Loss = -10* log (Poutput power/Pinput power)
= -10* log (0.05mW/0.1mW)
= 3dB
The light power loss of this
optical fiber is 3 dB
4. Two numerical techniques
Finite difference method & Finite element method
1. Restricted to handle rectangular shapes
2. High error may possible than the actual
result
1. Has ability to solve complex
geometries
2. Less error is expected
5. Finite difference method
http://www.multiphysics.us/FDM.html
We can also approximate the derivative
using the function values at points
I. Finite difference methods are
numerical techniques used to
approximate the solutions of
differential equations.
II. These methods work by replacing the
derivatives in a differential equation
with finite difference approximations.
6. Numerical computation of optical loss
6
21PYB102J Module-I Lecture-31
Finite Difference Time Domain
(FDTD) method
1. A numerical technique that discretizes
the electromagnetic field equations into
finite-difference equations that can be
solved iteratively.
2. The computational domain will be
discretized into a mesh or a grid which
consists of multiple subdomains called
cells or elements.
3. The FDTD method solves Maxwell’s
equations on a mesh and computes E
and H at grid points spaced Δx, Δy, and
Δz apart, with E and H interlaced in all
three spatial dimensions.
Applications for this method include:
• LEDs, solar cells, filters, optical switches,
• semiconductor-based photonic devices,
• Sensors,
• Nano- and micro-lithography, nonlinear
devices
mesh
7. Numerical computation of optical loss
7
21PYB102J Module-I Lecture-31
Transfer Matrix Method (TMM)
I. The transfer
matrix is a
matrix that
describes the
transformation
of a wave as it
passes
through a layer
or region
within the
system.
I. It is a matrix that
relates the
amplitudes and
phases of waves
on one side of the
structure to those
on the other side.
I. The transfer
matrix relates the
incoming wave to
the outgoing
wave, taking into
account the
reflection and
transmission
coefficients at the
boundary
between the two
regions.
I. Once we have the
transfer matrix of
each individual
layer, we can
calculate the
overall transfer
matrix of the
entire structure
by multiplying the
transfer matrices
of all the layers
together in the
order they appear
in the structure.
8. Numerical computation of optical loss
8
21PYB102J Module-I Lecture-31
Beam Propagation Method (BPM):
1. The Beam Propagation Method (BPM) is a popular simulation technique for
evaluating the evolution of optical fields in waveguides and photonic devices, and
Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits .
1. In this method, numerical solution of the Helmholtz equation, and Schroedinger
equation have been performed.
1. The BPM includes Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm, finite-difference based
BPM schemes (FD-BPM), and finite-element BPM (FE-BPM) and many others.
1. The Beam Propagation Method relies on the slowly varying envelope
approximation, and is inaccurate for the modeling of discretely or fastly varying
structures.
9. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
9
21PYB102J –Semiconductor Physics
Unit-III : Session- S8 : SLO-2
Finite element method to calculate
Photon density of states
21PYB102J Module-I Lecture-31
10. Finite element method and Photon
density of states
Finite element method(FEM) is sometimes referred to as finite element analysis, is a computational
technique used to obtain approximate solutions of boundary value problems in engineering.
1. The discretization
involves finite number
of points and
subdomains in the
problem’s domain.
2. The values of the given
function are held at the
points, so-called nodes.
I. The non-overlapping subdomains, so-called finite elements, are connected together at nodes on their
boundaries
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20617-7_16699
21PYB102J Module-I Lecture-31
11. Finite element method (FEM) and
Photon density of states (PDOS)
I. Define the geometry of the system: The first step is to define the geometry of the system, which
may involve specifying the shape and dimensions of the system.
I. Discretize the system: Model body is divided into an equivalent system of many smaller bodies or
units are called finite elements.
I. Solve for the eigenmodes: Use a finite element solver, such as COMSOL Multiphysics or Ansys. The
polarization characteristics including both the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic
(TM) modes are considered in simulation model.
I. The solver will typically output the eigenmode spectrum, which includes the eigenvalues and
eigenfunctions with proper periodic boundary conditions following the Bloch theorem.
I. Calculate the PDOS: As per definition dN(ω) ≡ D(ω)dω.
Where S is surface
ω is an arbitrary value of the frequency
For light propagating in the xy-plane only
21PYB102J Module-I Lecture-31