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     Re-publicize this!
     Die stille Privatisierung öffentlicher Güter im Web 2.0
     Sebastian Deterding
     Veranstaltungsreihe „Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Web 2.0“
     Hans-Bredow-Institut für Medienforschung
     Hamburg, 20. November 2008




★
★★
i




    Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i




                                                             http://www.flickr.com/photos/meesterdickey/433967447/sizes/l/
    Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
WWW =
ökonomisch

                       $

               Öffentliches             ?
Web 2.0 =          Gut

                                
               §                    eigentums-
   politisch                        rechtlich
R----------------
Regulierung
3 Web 2.0!

1 Öffentliche Güter                5 Lösungen


                                                Q&A


     Digitale
   2                                        6 Fazit
     Grundversorgung?

                              4 Probleme
i




    1

        Öffentliche
        Güter
                                                                       http://www.flickr.com/photos/smuzew/402092738/sizes/o/
        Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
ökonomisch

                    $

            Öffentliches
                Gut

                             
            §                    eigentums-
politisch                        rechtlich
Ökonomisch
$
Eigentumsrechtlich

Politisch
§
i




    Gemeinwohl
    Übersicht
           Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
                                                                             http://www.flickr.com/photos/fwpix/1104989351/sizes/o/
i




    Ausfallsicherheit
    Übersicht
                                                                             http://www.flickr.com/photos/thespeak/150544582/sizes/l/
              Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i




    Hoheitliche Aufgabe
    Übersicht
             Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
                                                                             http://www.flickr.com/photos/aerosoul/14907193/sizes/o/
i




    Chancengleichheit
                                                                            http://www.flickr.com/photos/gumtau/2228149365/sizes/l/
             Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    Gleichberechtigung
    Übersicht
                                                                          http://www.flickr.com/photos/ewheeling/227101264/sizes/o/
             Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i




    Solidarität
    Übersicht
                                                                           http://www.flickr.com/photos/evansent/135668636/sizes/o/
             Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    Unwirtschaftliche Güter
             Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    Meritorische Güter
             Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
                                             http://www.flickr.com/photos/rosengrant/95192308/sizes/l/in/set-72057594058846060/
i




    Öffentliche Güter
                                                                         http://www.flickr.com/photos/benklemm/447525107/sizes/o/
             Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    Netzwerkgüter
            Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    2

        Digitale
        Grundversorgung?
                                                                       http://www.flickr.com/photos/smuzew/402092738/sizes/o/
        Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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        Warum?
        ¬ Teilhabe (E-Inclusion)
        • Digitalisierung öffentlicher Dienste (E-Services, E-Health, E-
          Learning, E-Government, ...)
        • Digitalisierung ökonomischer Teilhabe
→

        • Digitalisierung sozialer Teilhabe
        • Digitalisierung kultureller Teilhabe
        • Digitalisierung politischer Teilhabe




                            Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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        „In considering whether the scope of universal service
        obligations be changed or redefined, the Commission
        is to take into consideration the following elements:
        - are specific services available to and used by a
        majority of consumers and does the lack of
        availability or non-use by a minority of consumers
        result in social exclusion, and
→


        - does the availability and use of specific services
        convey a general net benefit to all consumers such
        that public intervention is warranted in circumstances
        where the specific services are not provided to the
        public under normal commercial circumstances?“

                              EU-Direktive 2002/22/EC, 7.3.2002
                         Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    Öffentlich-Rechtliche im Netz
                                                                             http://www.flickr.com/photos/smuzew/402092738/sizes/o/
              Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    Breitband für alle
http://www.zukunft-breitband.de/BBA/Redaktion/PDF/Laenderkarten/breitband-verfuegbarkeit-in-deutschland-auf-gemeindebasis,property=pdf,bereich=bba,sprache=de,rwb=true.pdf
                                                      Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i




    2002: 500K-2MBIT ISDN
             Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
                                                                             http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Denmark.svg
i




    2008: 600K DSL
             Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
                                                                          http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Switzerland.svg
i




    2009: 2 MBIT WiMAX
            Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
                                                                               http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_India.svg
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    20.11.2008: 1 Festnetzanschluss
    (und 1 Telefonbuch)
                 Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
                                                                                 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Germany.svg
i




    10 Telefone im Umkreis von 2-5 Dörfern

                 Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
                                                                                  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Bhutan.svg
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        Digitale Grundversorgung



→


           Digitaler ÖR-Rundfunk




             Breitband für alle


                      Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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        Konvergenz
                   ¬ Benkler: „Institutional Ecology of
                     mediated communication“
                     besteht aus 3 Schichten:
                          • Content Layer
                          • Logical Layer: Software,
→



                                Standards
                          • Hardware Layer




                Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008 http://benkler.org
i
    Digitale Grundversorgung



            Digitaler ÖR-Rundfunk
 Inhalte


Software/
                      ?
Standards


              Breitband für alle
Hardware


                       Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    Öffentlichkeit 1.0
                                                                                                   §§




              Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    Öffentlichkeit 2.0

                                                                     + §§




              Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    Neue Politikformen
             Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    Neue Öffentlichkeiten
                                                                      http://www.flickr.com/photos/ninjapoodles/2154238868/sizes/l/
             Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    Einige Zahlen
    ¬ „Unverzichtbarstes Medium“ für deutsche
      12-19jährige: 1. Computer, 2. Internet (JIM 2007)
    ¬ 68% der 14-19-Jährigen nutzen SNS/Communities
      (Fisch & Gscheidle 2008)
    ¬ 58% aller US-Teenager haben online Content erstellt
    ¬ 28% aller US-Teens bloggen
    ¬ 55% haben ein SNS-Profil (PEW 2007)
    ¬ 42% der US-Jugendlichen beziehen ihre politische
      Information regelmäßig aus dem Netz
    ¬ 46% aller US-Amerikaner nutzten Web, Mail, SMS zur
      politischen Information & Mobilisierung (Pew 2008)
                     Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i




    R/O-Society -> R/W-Society




            Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    R2R + R2W = R2C




       Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i



     „Jeder hat das Recht auf
     Meinungsfreiheit und freie
     Meinungsäußerung; dieses Recht
     schließt die Freiheit ein, Meinungen
     ungehindert anzuhängen sowie
     über Medien jeder Art und ohne
     Rücksicht auf Grenzen
     Informationen und Gedankengut zu
     suchen, zu empfangen und zu
     verbreiten.“
                                                                   UDHR, Art. 19

    Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Traininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:EleanorRooseveltHumanRights.gif
                                                        and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i
    Digitale Grundversorgung
                 Right to Read                                              Right to Write




            Digitaler ÖR-Rundfunk                                                          ?
 Inhalte


Software/
                      ?                                                                    ?
Standards


              Breitband für alle                                           Bürgerfunk?
Hardware                                                                        ?


                       Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i
    Digitale Grundversorgung
                 Right to Read                                              Right to Write


                      ?                                                                    ?
Kompetenz



            Digitaler ÖR-Rundfunk                                                          ?
 Inhalte


Software/
                      ?                                                                    ?
Standards


              Breitband für alle                                                           ?
Hardware


                       Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i
    Digitale Grundversorgung
                 Right to Read                                              Right to Write


                      ?                                                                    ?
Kompetenz



            Digitaler ÖR-Rundfunk                                                          ?
 Inhalte


Software/
                      ?                                                                    ?
Standards


              Breitband für alle                                           Bürgerfunk?
                                                                                ?
Hardware


                       Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    Staatliche Antwort?
              „We, the representatives of the peoples of
              the world, assembled in Geneva from
              10-12 December 2003 for the first phase of
              the World Summit on the Information
              Society, declare our common desire and
              commitment to build a people-centred,
              inclusive and development-oriented
              Information Society, where everyone can
              create, access, utilize and share
              information and knowledge, enabling
              individuals, communities and peoples to
              achieve their full potential in promoting
              their sustainable development and
              improving their quality of life“


             Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    Zivile Selbsthilfe?
                 Right to Read                                              Right to Write


Kompetenz



            Digitaler ÖR-Rundfunk
 Inhalte


Software/
Standards


              Breitband für alle
Hardware


                       Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    Wirtschaftliche Lösung
            Right to Read                                              Right to Write


Kompetenz



 Inhalte

                                     Web 2.0
Software/
Standards


Hardware


                  Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i




    3

        Web 2.0!

                                                                       http://www.flickr.com/photos/smuzew/402092738/sizes/o/
        Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    Es ist frei!
    Übersicht
                                                                                                                      http://creatr.cc
              Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    (Auch wie in „freie Rede“)
     Übersicht
              Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    Es ist ein öffentliches                                                  Gut ($)!

                                                                          http://www.flickr.com/photos/benklemm/447525107/sizes/o/
              Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    Es generiert tolle Mehrwerte!
                                                                         http://www.flickr.com/photos/benklemm/447525107/sizes/o/
             Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    Und die sind auch öffentliches                                                              Gut (  )!


                                                                            http://www.flickr.com/photos/benklemm/447525107/sizes/o/
                Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    Es ist kinderleicht!
              Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
                                                                                                                  http://www.blog.com
i




            Don‘t be evil.

    ... und mit viel Liebe gemacht
              Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i




    Und das ist erst der Anfang!
             Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    Bald aus einer Steckdose in ihrer Nähe

                                                                            http://www.flickr.com/photos/kwerfeldein/164525106/sizes/o/
                 Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    Wie schaffen die das nur?



            Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    Moore‘s Law




            Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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              „Commoditisation“
                                                     ¬ Antrieb hinter SaaS (Anbieter
                                                       hostet Anwendung und Daten,
                                                       stellt sie über Webplattform zur
                                                       Verfügung)
                                                     ¬ Ursache: Produktlebenszyklus
                                                           • Innovation wird Massenware
                                                           • Alleinstellungsmerkmal wird zu
                                                                Betriebskosten
                                                     ¬ Folge: Verpackung zu
                                                       standardisiertem automatisiertem
                                                       Service mit großen Skaleneffekten
                                              Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
web2berlin.crowdvine.com/contacts/list/6354
i
             Positive Feedbackschlaufen
                                                               ¬ Skaleneffekt für Plattformanbieter:
                                                                 Kosten pro weiterem Nutzer > 0
                                                               ¬ Netzwerkeffekt für Nutzer: Nutzen
                                                                 steigt mit jedem weiteren Nutzer
                                                                 und Applet
                                                               ¬ Netzwerkeffekt für Applet-
                                                                 Entwickler: größerer Absatzmarkt
                                                                 mit jedem neuen Nutzer
                                                               ¬ Produsage: Nutzende Produktion
                                                                 kollektiver Güter (digg-Wertungen,
                                                                 del.icio.us-Links)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Network_effect.png   Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    „Freeconomics“
                   ¬ Werbefinanzierung
                   ¬ „Freemium“: freies Basisangebot
                     + kostenpflichtiges „Premium“
                   ¬ Querfinanzierung: kostenloses
                     Angebot führt zum Kauf anderer
                     Angebote
                   ¬ Service gegen User Generated
                     Content/User Microtasks




            Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i




        !e End
→




        Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i




→




        Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i




→




        Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i




→




        Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i




→




        Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    4

        Probleme

        Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
                                                                    http://www.flickr.com/photos/mount_otz/217834848/sizes/o/
i




        Kritische Masse führt zu...
    $

              Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
                                                                                http://www.flickr.com/photos/revilla/515536280/sizes/l/
i




        Lock-In
    $

                                                           http://www.flickr.com/photos/urbanmkr/455508581/sizes/o/
              Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i
        Netzwerk-Mehrwert?
        ¬ Sichtbarkeit/Findbarkeit/Adressierbarkeit: Andere
          können mich direkt finden, mehr potenzielle
          Aufmerksamkeit - und umgekehrt
        ¬ Handlungsfähigkeit: Andere & ich können direkt
          reagieren (kommentieren, kontaktieren, werten, ...)
→




        ¬ Informationeller Mehrwert: Metadaten, die durch
          Kontextualisierung und kollektive Verlinkung,
          Kommentierung, Wertung etc. entstehen




                          Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i
        Lock-In: Die Folgen
        ¬ weniger Innovation (unwahrscheinlich)
        ¬ Einführung überhöhter Preise (unwahrscheinlich)
        ¬ unerwünschte Trade-Offs (wahrscheinlich):
         • Werbung
→




         • Urherberrechte
         • Datamining/Privacy
         • „Freemium“: Diskriminierung von Nutzern




                            Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i




        Eigentumsverhältnisse?
    

             Sebastian Deterding M.A./GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i



<dsully> please describe web 2.0
to me in 2 sentences or less.

<jwb> you make all the content.
they keep all the revenue.



        Produser-Rechte?
    

             Sebastian Deterding M.A./GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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             deltree c:



        Ausfallsicherheit?
    §

                                                                             http://www.flickr.com/photos/thespeak/150544582/sizes/l/
              Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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        Chancengleichheit?
    §

                                                                            http://www.flickr.com/photos/gumtau/2228149365/sizes/l/
             Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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        Gleichberechtigung?
    §

                                                                          http://www.flickr.com/photos/ewheeling/227101264/sizes/o/
             Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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        Solidarität?
    §

              Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
                                                                                http://www.flickr.com/photos/zoomq/75072841/sizes/o/
i




    Meinungsfreiheit?
                                                                          http://www.flickr.com/photos/ewheeling/227101264/sizes/o/
             Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i




    Interessenkonflikte?
                                                                      http://www.flickr.com/photos/meesterdickey/433967447/sizes/l/
             Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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        Zusammengefasst:

        Wollen wir einen „öffentlichen Raum“ der
        Meinungsbildung, Willensbildung und sozialen Teilhabe
        ohne Ausfallsicherheit, erschwinglichen Zugang für alle,
        garantierte Meinungsfreiheit, der von Monopolisten mit
→



        kommerziellem Interesse betrieben wird, die den
        Mehrwert kollektiver Arbeit abschöpfen?




                         Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i




           Don‘t be evil.

    Reichen uns warme Worte?
             Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i




    5

        Lösungen

                                                                       http://www.flickr.com/photos/smuzew/402092738/sizes/o/
        Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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        Anforderungen
        ¬ Freiheit & Kontrolle (vs. Lock-In)
        ¬ Erschwinglichkeit (vs. Trade-Offs)
        ¬ Ausfallsicherheit (vs. EULA)
        ¬ Gleichberechtigung/Barrierefreiheit
→



        ¬ Arbeitnehmer/Produser-Rechte
        ¬ Meinungsfreiheit (vs. EULA)




                          Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i




    Please wait while your problem is being obsoleted.....

                     Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
                                                                                          http://www.flickr.com/photos/stevedave/371108894/
i

    ¬ Konkurrenzdruck erzwingt Offenheit,
      Barrierefreiheit, Datenschutz, faire
      Nutzerbehandlung
     • Absprachen? Echte Konkurrenz?

    ¬ Moore‘s Law macht Technik wegwerf-billig
     • Ansprüche steigen. Wirth‘s Law: „Software gets slower,
       faster than hardware gets faster.“
    ¬ disruptive Technologie überholt alles
     • = Hoffen und Beten
     • Cloud Computing ist „The Next Big Thing“



                       Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
                                                                                         http://www.flickr.com/photos/baboon/5014342/sizes/l/
i




    Digitaler Luddismus?
             Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
                                                                                   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Waldentitle.jpg
i




                http://
allemeinedaten.bundesrechenzentrum.de




    Öffentliche Infrastrukturen?
                                                                         http://www.flickr.com/photos/benklemm/447525107/sizes/o/
             Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i




    Zivile Infrastrukturen?
              Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008   http://archive.org
i




    Zivile Infrastrukturen
              Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008   http://archive.org
i




                                                                          ©



    Eigentumsrechte?
            Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
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    APIs & Aggregatoren?
            Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i




    Data Portability!
              Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
                                                                                                                http://dataportability.org
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        Data Portability ist nicht alles
        ¬ Dataportability
         • Rechtlich: YOYODA - You Own Your Data, Always
         • Technisch: Offene Standards für Datentausch

        ¬ Was noch fehlt
→


         • Rechtlich: Wer bestimmt über soziale Graphen/
           kollektive Güter?
         • Software/Prozesse, um Daten erschwinglich zu
           übertragen
         • Übertragbarkeit des Netzwerk-Mehrwerts
         • ... und Unternehmen, die das mitmachen


                            Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i

                                                               „The more that we can ... never trap the
                                                               data of an end user, ... the better we
                                                               think we'll be both genuinely treat our
                                                               end users, and be perceived as well. ...
                                                               We want to give you essentially the
                                                               equivalent of member portability.
                                                               Because we think that that is ultimately,
                                                               if you will, the quot;pressure valvequot; on bad
                                                               business practices on our part, and on
                                                               others as well. As long as people feel
                                                               that if they don't like what we're doing
                                                               they can just switch, then that keeps
                                                               us honest and keeps everybody else
                                                               honest as well.“
                                                                       Eric Schmidt, CEO Google, 2006


                                                          Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
http://www.flickr.com/photos/wwphotos/463602478/sizes/l/
i




→




        Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit blog.janik.cz/images/OOXMLSpec.png
                                                                                           Utrecht/02.04.2008
i
        Öffentliche Regulierung
        ¬ Rechtsrahmen stecken (Verbraucherrechte)
        ¬ Wettbewerbsaufsicht
        ¬ Preisregulierung
        ¬ Universaldienstleistung (vorschreiben,
→


          versteigern, ...)
        ¬ Interkonnektivität/Entbündelung: Konkurrenten
          erhalten Zugang zu Netzen anderer Anbieter




                         Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i




    „Data is the next Intel
    Inside.“
                                                                         Tim O‘Reilly,
                                „What is Web 2.0?“, 2005
    Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i




    „Standards & data are the
    next interconnectivity
    challenge.“
    „How to Regulate Web 2.0?“, 2008
    Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
i




    6

        Fazit

                                                                       http://www.flickr.com/photos/smuzew/402092738/sizes/o/
        Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
Netzwerkgut
                              $    mit hoher Lockin-
                                   & Monopol-Tendenz




                    Öffentliches          ?
    Web 2.0 =
→


                        Gut


               §                          
      zunehmend zentral für       privat abgeschöpftes
       R2C & Teilhabe, aber        Produsage-Gut mit
        unreguliert privat        unklarer Rechtslage
            betrieben
i




               sebastian ät dings.cc
  Q&A:




Lizenz: Creative Commons by-nc-nd/3.0
                            Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008

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Re-Publicize this! Web 2.0 oder Die stille Privatisierung der digitalen Grundversorgung

  • 1. Re-publicize this! Die stille Privatisierung öffentlicher Güter im Web 2.0 Sebastian Deterding Veranstaltungsreihe „Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Web 2.0“ Hans-Bredow-Institut für Medienforschung Hamburg, 20. November 2008 ★ ★★
  • 2. i Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 3. i http://www.flickr.com/photos/meesterdickey/433967447/sizes/l/ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 5. ökonomisch $ Öffentliches ? Web 2.0 = Gut  § eigentums- politisch rechtlich
  • 8. 3 Web 2.0! 1 Öffentliche Güter 5 Lösungen Q&A Digitale 2 6 Fazit Grundversorgung? 4 Probleme
  • 9. i 1 Öffentliche Güter http://www.flickr.com/photos/smuzew/402092738/sizes/o/ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 10. ökonomisch $ Öffentliches Gut  § eigentums- politisch rechtlich
  • 14. i Gemeinwohl Übersicht Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008 http://www.flickr.com/photos/fwpix/1104989351/sizes/o/
  • 15. i Ausfallsicherheit Übersicht http://www.flickr.com/photos/thespeak/150544582/sizes/l/ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 16. i Hoheitliche Aufgabe Übersicht Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008 http://www.flickr.com/photos/aerosoul/14907193/sizes/o/
  • 17. i Chancengleichheit http://www.flickr.com/photos/gumtau/2228149365/sizes/l/ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 18. i Gleichberechtigung Übersicht http://www.flickr.com/photos/ewheeling/227101264/sizes/o/ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 19. i Solidarität Übersicht http://www.flickr.com/photos/evansent/135668636/sizes/o/ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 20. i Unwirtschaftliche Güter Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 21. i Meritorische Güter Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008 http://www.flickr.com/photos/rosengrant/95192308/sizes/l/in/set-72057594058846060/
  • 22. i Öffentliche Güter http://www.flickr.com/photos/benklemm/447525107/sizes/o/ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 23. i Netzwerkgüter Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 24. i 2 Digitale Grundversorgung? http://www.flickr.com/photos/smuzew/402092738/sizes/o/ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 25. i Warum? ¬ Teilhabe (E-Inclusion) • Digitalisierung öffentlicher Dienste (E-Services, E-Health, E- Learning, E-Government, ...) • Digitalisierung ökonomischer Teilhabe → • Digitalisierung sozialer Teilhabe • Digitalisierung kultureller Teilhabe • Digitalisierung politischer Teilhabe Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 26. i „In considering whether the scope of universal service obligations be changed or redefined, the Commission is to take into consideration the following elements: - are specific services available to and used by a majority of consumers and does the lack of availability or non-use by a minority of consumers result in social exclusion, and → - does the availability and use of specific services convey a general net benefit to all consumers such that public intervention is warranted in circumstances where the specific services are not provided to the public under normal commercial circumstances?“ EU-Direktive 2002/22/EC, 7.3.2002 Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 27. i Öffentlich-Rechtliche im Netz http://www.flickr.com/photos/smuzew/402092738/sizes/o/ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 28. i Breitband für alle http://www.zukunft-breitband.de/BBA/Redaktion/PDF/Laenderkarten/breitband-verfuegbarkeit-in-deutschland-auf-gemeindebasis,property=pdf,bereich=bba,sprache=de,rwb=true.pdf Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 29. i 2002: 500K-2MBIT ISDN Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Denmark.svg
  • 30. i 2008: 600K DSL Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Switzerland.svg
  • 31. i 2009: 2 MBIT WiMAX Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_India.svg
  • 32. i 20.11.2008: 1 Festnetzanschluss (und 1 Telefonbuch) Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Germany.svg
  • 33. i 10 Telefone im Umkreis von 2-5 Dörfern Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Bhutan.svg
  • 34. i Digitale Grundversorgung → Digitaler ÖR-Rundfunk Breitband für alle Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 35. i Konvergenz ¬ Benkler: „Institutional Ecology of mediated communication“ besteht aus 3 Schichten: • Content Layer • Logical Layer: Software, → Standards • Hardware Layer Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008 http://benkler.org
  • 36. i Digitale Grundversorgung Digitaler ÖR-Rundfunk Inhalte Software/ ? Standards Breitband für alle Hardware Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 37. i Öffentlichkeit 1.0 §§ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 38. i Öffentlichkeit 2.0 + §§ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 39. i Neue Politikformen Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 40. i Neue Öffentlichkeiten http://www.flickr.com/photos/ninjapoodles/2154238868/sizes/l/ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 41. i Einige Zahlen ¬ „Unverzichtbarstes Medium“ für deutsche 12-19jährige: 1. Computer, 2. Internet (JIM 2007) ¬ 68% der 14-19-Jährigen nutzen SNS/Communities (Fisch & Gscheidle 2008) ¬ 58% aller US-Teenager haben online Content erstellt ¬ 28% aller US-Teens bloggen ¬ 55% haben ein SNS-Profil (PEW 2007) ¬ 42% der US-Jugendlichen beziehen ihre politische Information regelmäßig aus dem Netz ¬ 46% aller US-Amerikaner nutzten Web, Mail, SMS zur politischen Information & Mobilisierung (Pew 2008) Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 42. i R/O-Society -> R/W-Society Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 43. i R2R + R2W = R2C Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 44. i „Jeder hat das Recht auf Meinungsfreiheit und freie Meinungsäußerung; dieses Recht schließt die Freiheit ein, Meinungen ungehindert anzuhängen sowie über Medien jeder Art und ohne Rücksicht auf Grenzen Informationen und Gedankengut zu suchen, zu empfangen und zu verbreiten.“ UDHR, Art. 19 Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Traininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:EleanorRooseveltHumanRights.gif and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 45. i Digitale Grundversorgung Right to Read Right to Write Digitaler ÖR-Rundfunk ? Inhalte Software/ ? ? Standards Breitband für alle Bürgerfunk? Hardware ? Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 46. i Digitale Grundversorgung Right to Read Right to Write ? ? Kompetenz Digitaler ÖR-Rundfunk ? Inhalte Software/ ? ? Standards Breitband für alle ? Hardware Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 47. i Digitale Grundversorgung Right to Read Right to Write ? ? Kompetenz Digitaler ÖR-Rundfunk ? Inhalte Software/ ? ? Standards Breitband für alle Bürgerfunk? ? Hardware Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 48. i Staatliche Antwort? „We, the representatives of the peoples of the world, assembled in Geneva from 10-12 December 2003 for the first phase of the World Summit on the Information Society, declare our common desire and commitment to build a people-centred, inclusive and development-oriented Information Society, where everyone can create, access, utilize and share information and knowledge, enabling individuals, communities and peoples to achieve their full potential in promoting their sustainable development and improving their quality of life“ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 49. i Zivile Selbsthilfe? Right to Read Right to Write Kompetenz Digitaler ÖR-Rundfunk Inhalte Software/ Standards Breitband für alle Hardware Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 50. i Wirtschaftliche Lösung Right to Read Right to Write Kompetenz Inhalte Web 2.0 Software/ Standards Hardware Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 51. i 3 Web 2.0! http://www.flickr.com/photos/smuzew/402092738/sizes/o/ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 52. i Es ist frei! Übersicht http://creatr.cc Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 53. i (Auch wie in „freie Rede“) Übersicht Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 54. i Es ist ein öffentliches Gut ($)! http://www.flickr.com/photos/benklemm/447525107/sizes/o/ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 55. i Es generiert tolle Mehrwerte! http://www.flickr.com/photos/benklemm/447525107/sizes/o/ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 56. i Und die sind auch öffentliches Gut (  )! http://www.flickr.com/photos/benklemm/447525107/sizes/o/ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 57. i Es ist kinderleicht! Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008 http://www.blog.com
  • 58. i Don‘t be evil. ... und mit viel Liebe gemacht Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 59. i Und das ist erst der Anfang! Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 60. i Bald aus einer Steckdose in ihrer Nähe http://www.flickr.com/photos/kwerfeldein/164525106/sizes/o/ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 61. i Wie schaffen die das nur? Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 62. i Moore‘s Law Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 63. i „Commoditisation“ ¬ Antrieb hinter SaaS (Anbieter hostet Anwendung und Daten, stellt sie über Webplattform zur Verfügung) ¬ Ursache: Produktlebenszyklus • Innovation wird Massenware • Alleinstellungsmerkmal wird zu Betriebskosten ¬ Folge: Verpackung zu standardisiertem automatisiertem Service mit großen Skaleneffekten Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008 web2berlin.crowdvine.com/contacts/list/6354
  • 64. i Positive Feedbackschlaufen ¬ Skaleneffekt für Plattformanbieter: Kosten pro weiterem Nutzer > 0 ¬ Netzwerkeffekt für Nutzer: Nutzen steigt mit jedem weiteren Nutzer und Applet ¬ Netzwerkeffekt für Applet- Entwickler: größerer Absatzmarkt mit jedem neuen Nutzer ¬ Produsage: Nutzende Produktion kollektiver Güter (digg-Wertungen, del.icio.us-Links) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Network_effect.png Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 65. i „Freeconomics“ ¬ Werbefinanzierung ¬ „Freemium“: freies Basisangebot + kostenpflichtiges „Premium“ ¬ Querfinanzierung: kostenloses Angebot führt zum Kauf anderer Angebote ¬ Service gegen User Generated Content/User Microtasks Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 66. i !e End → Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 67. i → Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 68. i → Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 69. i → Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 70. i → Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 71. i 4 Probleme Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008 http://www.flickr.com/photos/mount_otz/217834848/sizes/o/
  • 72. i Kritische Masse führt zu... $ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008 http://www.flickr.com/photos/revilla/515536280/sizes/l/
  • 73. i Lock-In $ http://www.flickr.com/photos/urbanmkr/455508581/sizes/o/ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 74. i Netzwerk-Mehrwert? ¬ Sichtbarkeit/Findbarkeit/Adressierbarkeit: Andere können mich direkt finden, mehr potenzielle Aufmerksamkeit - und umgekehrt ¬ Handlungsfähigkeit: Andere & ich können direkt reagieren (kommentieren, kontaktieren, werten, ...) → ¬ Informationeller Mehrwert: Metadaten, die durch Kontextualisierung und kollektive Verlinkung, Kommentierung, Wertung etc. entstehen Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 75. i Lock-In: Die Folgen ¬ weniger Innovation (unwahrscheinlich) ¬ Einführung überhöhter Preise (unwahrscheinlich) ¬ unerwünschte Trade-Offs (wahrscheinlich): • Werbung → • Urherberrechte • Datamining/Privacy • „Freemium“: Diskriminierung von Nutzern Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 76. i Eigentumsverhältnisse?  Sebastian Deterding M.A./GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 77. i <dsully> please describe web 2.0 to me in 2 sentences or less. <jwb> you make all the content. they keep all the revenue. Produser-Rechte?  Sebastian Deterding M.A./GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 78. i deltree c: Ausfallsicherheit? § http://www.flickr.com/photos/thespeak/150544582/sizes/l/ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 79. i Chancengleichheit? § http://www.flickr.com/photos/gumtau/2228149365/sizes/l/ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 80. i Gleichberechtigung? § http://www.flickr.com/photos/ewheeling/227101264/sizes/o/ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 81. i Solidarität? § Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008 http://www.flickr.com/photos/zoomq/75072841/sizes/o/
  • 82. i Meinungsfreiheit? http://www.flickr.com/photos/ewheeling/227101264/sizes/o/ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 83. i Interessenkonflikte? http://www.flickr.com/photos/meesterdickey/433967447/sizes/l/ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 84. i Zusammengefasst: Wollen wir einen „öffentlichen Raum“ der Meinungsbildung, Willensbildung und sozialen Teilhabe ohne Ausfallsicherheit, erschwinglichen Zugang für alle, garantierte Meinungsfreiheit, der von Monopolisten mit → kommerziellem Interesse betrieben wird, die den Mehrwert kollektiver Arbeit abschöpfen? Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 85. i Don‘t be evil. Reichen uns warme Worte? Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 86. i 5 Lösungen http://www.flickr.com/photos/smuzew/402092738/sizes/o/ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 87. i Anforderungen ¬ Freiheit & Kontrolle (vs. Lock-In) ¬ Erschwinglichkeit (vs. Trade-Offs) ¬ Ausfallsicherheit (vs. EULA) ¬ Gleichberechtigung/Barrierefreiheit → ¬ Arbeitnehmer/Produser-Rechte ¬ Meinungsfreiheit (vs. EULA) Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 88. i Please wait while your problem is being obsoleted..... Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008 http://www.flickr.com/photos/stevedave/371108894/
  • 89. i ¬ Konkurrenzdruck erzwingt Offenheit, Barrierefreiheit, Datenschutz, faire Nutzerbehandlung • Absprachen? Echte Konkurrenz? ¬ Moore‘s Law macht Technik wegwerf-billig • Ansprüche steigen. Wirth‘s Law: „Software gets slower, faster than hardware gets faster.“ ¬ disruptive Technologie überholt alles • = Hoffen und Beten • Cloud Computing ist „The Next Big Thing“ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008 http://www.flickr.com/photos/baboon/5014342/sizes/l/
  • 90. i Digitaler Luddismus? Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Waldentitle.jpg
  • 91. i http:// allemeinedaten.bundesrechenzentrum.de Öffentliche Infrastrukturen? http://www.flickr.com/photos/benklemm/447525107/sizes/o/ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 92. i Zivile Infrastrukturen? Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008 http://archive.org
  • 93. i Zivile Infrastrukturen Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008 http://archive.org
  • 94. i © Eigentumsrechte? Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 95. i APIs & Aggregatoren? Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 96. i Data Portability! Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008 http://dataportability.org
  • 97. i Data Portability ist nicht alles ¬ Dataportability • Rechtlich: YOYODA - You Own Your Data, Always • Technisch: Offene Standards für Datentausch ¬ Was noch fehlt → • Rechtlich: Wer bestimmt über soziale Graphen/ kollektive Güter? • Software/Prozesse, um Daten erschwinglich zu übertragen • Übertragbarkeit des Netzwerk-Mehrwerts • ... und Unternehmen, die das mitmachen Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 98. i „The more that we can ... never trap the data of an end user, ... the better we think we'll be both genuinely treat our end users, and be perceived as well. ... We want to give you essentially the equivalent of member portability. Because we think that that is ultimately, if you will, the quot;pressure valvequot; on bad business practices on our part, and on others as well. As long as people feel that if they don't like what we're doing they can just switch, then that keeps us honest and keeps everybody else honest as well.“ Eric Schmidt, CEO Google, 2006 Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008 http://www.flickr.com/photos/wwphotos/463602478/sizes/l/
  • 99. i → Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit blog.janik.cz/images/OOXMLSpec.png Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 100. i Öffentliche Regulierung ¬ Rechtsrahmen stecken (Verbraucherrechte) ¬ Wettbewerbsaufsicht ¬ Preisregulierung ¬ Universaldienstleistung (vorschreiben, → versteigern, ...) ¬ Interkonnektivität/Entbündelung: Konkurrenten erhalten Zugang zu Netzen anderer Anbieter Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 101. i „Data is the next Intel Inside.“ Tim O‘Reilly, „What is Web 2.0?“, 2005 Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 102. i „Standards & data are the next interconnectivity challenge.“ „How to Regulate Web 2.0?“, 2008 Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 103. i 6 Fazit http://www.flickr.com/photos/smuzew/402092738/sizes/o/ Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008
  • 104. Netzwerkgut $ mit hoher Lockin- & Monopol-Tendenz Öffentliches ? Web 2.0 = → Gut §  zunehmend zentral für privat abgeschöpftes R2C & Teilhabe, aber Produsage-Gut mit unreguliert privat unklarer Rechtslage betrieben
  • 105. i sebastian ät dings.cc Q&A: Lizenz: Creative Commons by-nc-nd/3.0 Sebastian Deterding/GATE Game Research for Training and Entertainment/Universiteit Utrecht/02.04.2008