by Professor Shahzad ALi, Punjab Group of Colleges, Pakpattan, Pakistan

1. Networking
Fundamentals
Instructor: Shahzad Ali
Lec#1
27th Oct, 2015
Punjab Group of Colleges, Pakpattan Campus

2. Course Instructor
Shahzad Ali
Email: shahzadali039@gmail.com

3. Introductions to Computer
Networks
Introductory Lecture

4. What is a Network?
• Networks means Interconnection
• Interconnection of People

5. Network

6. Network

7. Computer Network
• In information technology, a network is a series of points or
nodes interconnected by communication paths.
• A collection of computing devices that are connected in
various ways in order to communicate and share resources
• Usually, the connections between computers in a network
are made using physical wires or cables
 However, some connections are wireless, using radio waves or infrared signals

8. Computer Network

9. Computer Network
• Simply referred to as a network
• Collection of hardware components and software
• Interconnected by communication channels
• Allow sharing of resources and information
• Example:
o Two computers connecting together is an example of a network.

10. Classification of Networks
• Area Networks
• Network Design
• Network Topology
• Network Protocols
• Wired vs. Wireless

11. Area Networks
• LAN – Local Area Network
• MAN – Metropolitan Area Network
• WAN – Wide Area Network
• PAN – Personal Area Network

12. Personal Area Network
• Small Computer network
• A personal area network, or PAN, is a computer network
organized around an individual person within a single building
• A PAN may include wired and wireless devices
• The reach of a PAN typically extends to 10 meters
o Wired – USB
o Wireless- Bluetooth and Infrared
• Some examples of devices are
o PCs
o Printers
o Fax machines
o Scanners, etc.

13. Local Area Network
• A network that connects computers and devices in a
limited geographical area such as
 Home
 School
 Computer laboratory
 Office building

14. Metropolitan Area Network
• A computer network that usually spans a city or a large
campus
• A MAN usually interconnects a number of LANs
• Uses a high-capacity backbone technology, such as fiber-
optical links
• Within limits of a city
• Example:
o Cable TV Network

15. Wide Area Network
• WAN spans a large physical distance
• The Internet is the best largest WAN spanning the Earth.

16. Network Design

17. 17
• Network Clients (Workstation)
• Computers that request network resources or services
• Network Servers
• Computers that manage and provide network resources and services to
clients
• Usually have more processing power, memory and hard disk space than
clients
Client-Server Network

18. Client-Server Network
• Server – Service Provider
• Client – Service Requester

19. Peer-to-Peer Network
• Peer-to-peer network is also called workgroup
• No hierarchy among computers  all are equal

20. Network Topology
• Topology
 Design of Network
 Or refers to the layout of connected devices
 Think of a topology as a network’s virtual shape or structure

21. Network Topology
Types of topology
• Physical
o Actual layout of the computer cables and other network devices
• Logical
o The way in which the network appears to the devices that use it

22. Types Network Topologies
• Bus
• Ring
• Star
• Mesh

23. Network Protocols
• An agreed-upon set of rules for transmitting data between
two devices.
• Protocols specify interactions between the communicating
entities.

24. Network Protocols
Types of Protocols Used
• Proprietary Systems
o A system that uses technologies kept private by a particular
commercial vendor
• Open systems
o Systems based on a common model of network architecture and a
suite of protocols used in its implementation

25. Wired Vs. Wireless
• Network with Ethernet cables predominated in businesses,
schools, and homes for several decades.
• Recently wireless
networking alternatives
have emerged as the
premier technology
for building new
computer networks.

27. Q&A
?