Agriculture in developing countries must undergo a significant transformation in order to meet the related challenges of achieving food security and responding to climate change. Projections based on population growth and food consumption patterns indicate that agricultural production will need to increase by at least 70 percent to meet demands by 2050. Most estimates also indicate that climate change is likely to reduce agricultural productivity, production stability and incomes in some areas that already have high levels of food insecurity. Developing climate-smart agriculture is thus crucial to achieving future food security and climate change goals. This seminar describe an approach to deal with the above issue viz. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) and also examines some of the key technical, institutional, policy and financial responses required to achieve this transformation. Building on cases from the field, the seminar try to outlines a range of practices, approaches and tools aimed at increase the resilience and productivity of agricultural product systems, while also reducing and removing emissions. A part of the seminar elaborates institutional and policy options available to promote the transition to climate-smart agriculture at the smallholder level. Finally, the paper considers current gaps and makes innovative suggestion regarding the combined use of different sources, financing mechanism and delivery systems.

1. Climate Smart Agriculture: An
Approach to Sustainable
Development
Submitted To
Dr. Rajshree Upadhyay
Presented By
Shalini Pandey

2. Agriculture
Challenges
Population: 9 billion
(By 2050)
Increased consumption
pattern
Increased competition
• Land
• Water
• Energy
• Other inputs
Challenges posed by
Climate change
Non environment friendly
agricultural practices
Increasing Green house gases emission
 Farms emitted 6 billion ton of GHGs in 2011
(19 % of total global emissions )
 Countries with largest emission: China, Brazil, USA and India.
 Major emission in form of methane and N2O
Wheat production: -6 to 23%
(By 2050)

3. Climate Smart Agriculture
• Concept put forth in 2010 by the FAO.
• Also known as Climate Resilient Agriculture
(CRA).
Agricultural Approach
Sustainably increases productivity
Resilience to environmental pressures
Reduces greenhouse gas emissions

4. drought
flooding
heat/cold wave
erratic rainfall pattern
long dry spells
insect or pest population explosions
Incorporation of
 Adaptation
 Mitigation
 Other practices
increases the capacity of
the system to respond to
various climate related
disturbances

5. CSA’s OBJECTIVES
Increase agricultural productivity
to support increased incomes and
food security
Increase adaptive capacity at
multiple levels (from farm to
nation)
Decrease greenhouse gas
emissions

6. CSA practices and technologies adopted include -
 Improved crop varieties for higher yield
 Varieties suitable to cope with drought and excess
water or high temperature
 Laser land leveling
 Zero tillage
 Residue retention
 Site specific nutrient management
 Legume integration
 Cropping system diversification
 Use of solar pump
 Use of crop sensor to assess crop health

7. CLIMATE-SMART VILLAGES (CSVs)
CSV is a model of local actions for climate risk management in
farming communities that
 promote adaptation
 build resilience to climate stresses
 enhance food security
CGIAR (Consultative Group for International Agriculture Research)
Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)

8. CSVs
Researchers Local organizations FarmersPolicymakers
Collaborate
To select the most appropriate technologies and
Institutional interventions
based on global knowledge
and local conditions
•Enhance productivity
•Increase income
•Achieve climate resilience
•Ensure food security

9. The key focus of the CSV model
to enhance climate literacy of farmers and
local stakeholders
develop a climate resilient agricultural
system by linking existing government
village development schemes and
investments
Promotion of combination of CSA
practices and technologies

10. csv
Climate
Information
Services
Local
Knowledge
& Institution
Village
Development
Plans
Climate
Smart
Technology
COMPONENT

11. Climate Smart Villages in India
In Haryana
• 27 CSV in
Karnal district.
In 4 blocks of
• Nilokheri,
• Indri,
• Gharaunda and
• Nissing In Bihar
Blocks of
• Rajapakar,
• Bali Bathna and
• Lal Pokhar
in Vaishali district
From 2011
Under CCAFS
Trial in 70 villages in Haryana, Bihar,
Punjab, Gujarat, Karnataka and Orissa

12. Agriculture Practice Adopted
Direct seeded rice
Alternate wetting and drying in rice
ICT services to access weather+ agro advisories
Zero-tillage
Laser land levelling
Residue management/mulching
Crop diversification
Agroforestry
Precision nutrient management

13. NATIONAL INITIATIVE ON CLIMATE RESILIENT
AGRICULTURE (NICRA)
• ICAR project- 2011
• covered 151 villages across the country
to take up long term strategic research to address the
impacts of projected climate change on Indian agriculture
demonstrate the existing best practices to enable
farmers cope with current climate variability
first ever vulnerability atlas of India at district level
which aid in prioritizing investments in vulnerable regions.

14. SAP Promoted by ICAR
Rejuvenation of farming in cyclone and flood prone
coastal agro-ecosystems through land shaping
Community paddy nursery as a contingency measure
for delayed planting
Direct seeded rice for promoting water use efficiency
Drum seeding of rice for water saving and timeliness
in planting
Drought tolerant paddy cultivation to tackle deficit
rainfall situations

15. SAP Promoted by ICAR
Short duration finger millet varieties for
delayed monsoon
Short duration crop varieties suitable for
late sowings
Crop diversification for livelihood security
and resilience to climate variability
Flood tolerant varieties impart resilience to
farmers in flood-prone areas
Improving the resilience of poor farmers
reclaiming cultivable wastelands

16. SAP Promoted by ICAR
Community tanks / ponds as a means of
management of village level water resources
Individual farm ponds for improving
livelihoods of small farmers
Jalkund - low cost rainwater harvesting
structures
Check dam - storing excess-runoff in streams
Recharge of wells to improve shallow
aquifers

17. SAP Promoted by ICAR
Improved planting methods for enhancing
water use efficiency and crop productivity
Integrated Farming System modules
Zero till drill wheat to escape terminal
heat stress
In situ incorporation of biomass and crop
residues for improving soil health
Village level seed banks to combat seed
shortages

18. • Zero tillage and line showing instead of broadcasting
of seeds increased wheat and rice production by 10-
15 per cent in Karnal, Haryana.
• Zero tillage cut the diesel use by 80 per cent per
hectare.
• Direct seeded rice which involves showing of rice
seeds directly, compared to the traditional method of
sprouting rice in a nursery and transferring the
seedling to a field with standing water, reduce water
use by 25 per cent and methane emission by 40 per
cent.
• Bed planting of maize and wheat, which is at the
level raised from the soil, cuts water use by 30-35 per
cent.

19. • Zero tillage, residue management and diversification
brings down fertilizer use by 20 per cent after three
years.
• According to a World Bank-commissioned study in
2013, total crop production in India is expected to
rise 60% by the 2050s without climate change, but in
the event of a temperature increase of 2 degree
Celsius since the industrial revolution, the increase
will only be 12%. Moreover, it will have to import
twice the amount of food grains than in a scenario
without climate change.

20. • Field measurements done at a
groundnut (also known as peanut)
farm in one of the most arid regions in
India show that integrated nutrient
management led to a number of
benefits in a drought-hit year,
including a 40-60% reduction in total
nitrogen fertilizer use, increased crop
yield by 35-50%, and net profit by 70-
120% – while decreasing GHG
emission intensity (per unit yield) by
50%.

21. CHALLENGES
1.
• Intersections of food security, adaptation and mitigation, always occurs in
the context of region-specific conditions and cultures
• CSA, as currently conceived and implemented, fails entirely to recognize
different actors between different provisioning demands for food, water,
energy, materials and ecosystem services
2.
• CSA fails to consider possible impacts of agriculture on other ecosystem
services, biodiversity conservation and broader social, political and cultural
dynamics.
3.
• focus exclusively in developing countries
• Food security, nutritional security and nutritional health are obviously not
limited to the developing world; there is also a widespread prevalence of
food insecurity in high-income countries

22. FUTURE RECOMMENDATION
Key elements that need to be in place include:
• Mechanisms to reach large numbers of farmers,
• Information services that use mobile phones, radio, and
other mass media;
• Well-organized and broadly based farmer groups;
• Policies that support secure land tenure;
• Citizen/farmer participation in science; and
• Government action to integrate climate considerations in all
agricultural investment plans.

23. Conclusion
• Climate-smart agriculture is a sort of concept originally put
forth in UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization. Up until
now it’s been a bit vague, a general idea about adjusting all
forms of agriculture (“farms, crops, livestock, aquaculture,
and capture fisheries”) to better adapt to a changing climate.
• It isn’t a set of guidelines, or even recommendations, really;
it’s more of a philosophy that various global organizations are
attempting to push.
• In order to be realistic it need to incorporate a more integrated
approach including majority of stakeholder.
• It should try to include not only few developing countries but
also developed country and least developed country than only
this approach will be able to mitigate the effect of climate
change on agriculture and will make this sector sustainable.