1. EXPRESANDO CONTRASTE O CONTRAPOSICIÓN
ALTERNATIVA 1
CONTRASTAN LA ORACION PRECEDENTE
◄however / but / nevertheless / yet
RECUERDA QUE: HOWEVER (sin embargo), BUT (pero, sino),
NEVERTHELESS (sin embargo, no obstante) y YET (aún así)
introducen un contraste o contraposición a la oración precedente:
Katty couldn't cash her paycheck ...
Katty no pudo cobrar el cheque de su sueldo ...
►However, she managed to buy a new TV set.
Sin embargo consiguió comprarse un televisor nuevo.
►But she managed to buy a new TV set.
Pero consiguió comprarse un televisor nuevo.
►Nevertheless, she managed to buy a new TV set.
No obstante consiguió comprarse un televisor nuevo.
►Yet she managed to buy a new TV set.
Aun así consiguió comprarse un televisor nuevo.

2. ALTERNATIVA 2
although
even though ► CLÁUSULA (SUJETO + VERBO)
though
RECUERDA QUE:
a)THOUGH (aunque) y EVEN THOUGH (aun cuando) pueden utilizarse en
lugar de ALTHOUGH (aunque).
b) EVEN THOUGH (aun cuando) es una forma más fuerte o reforzada de
expresar ALTHOUGH (aunque).
►Although it rained a lot,
Aunque llovió intensamente,
►Even though it rained a lot,
Aun cuando llovió intensamente,
►Though it rained a lot, we enjoyed our vacation.
Aunque llovió intensamente, ...... disfrutamos de nuestras vacaciones.
c) En el inglés hablado, especialmente en la versión americana, se utiliza
con frecuencia THOUGH (a pesar de ello, no obstante) como cierre de
una oración. Esta modalidad suele confundir al estudiante hispano-
parlante.
► It rained a lot. We enjoyed our vacation though.
Llovió intensamente. Disfrutamos de nuestras vacaciones a pesar de ello.

3. ALTERNATIVA 3
►
► NOUN
NOUN
in spite of // despite
in spite of despite ►
► PRONOUN
PRONOUN
►
► –ING VERB
–ING VERB
RECUERDA QUE: DESPITE (a pesar de) puede utilizarse del mismo modo
que IN SPITE OF (a pesar de), pero generalmente sólo se encuentra en
el inglés formal. En su lugar, puedes usar también las expresiones
DESPITE THE FACT THAT... (a pesar de que...) o IN SPITE OF THE
FACT THAT... (a pesar de que...):
►In spite of the rain, / In spite of raining all day,
A pesar de la lluvia, / A pesar de llover todo el día,
►Despite the rain, / Despite how much it rained,
A pesar de la lluvia, / A pesar de cuánto llovió,
►Despite the fact that it was raining,
A pesar de que estuvo lloviendo,
►In spite of the fact that it was raining, we enjoyed our vacation.
A pesar de que estuvo lloviendo, ...... disfrutamos de nuestras
vacaciones.

4. ALTERNATIVA 4 URL
although ◄VERSUS► in spite of / despite
RECUERDA QUE: ALTHOUGH (aunque), IN SPITE OF
(a pesar de) y DESPITE (a pesar de) pueden utilizarse
para expresar ideas similares, pero la construcción de
la oración es muy diferente:
►Although the traffic was bad, I arrived on time.
Aunque el tránsito estaba pesado, llegué a tiempo.
►In spite of the traffic, I arrived on time.
A pesar del tránsito, llegué a tiempo.
►I couldn't sleep, although I was very tired.
No pude dormir aunque estaba muy cansado/a.
►I couldn't sleep, despite being very tired.
No pude dormir a pesar de estar muy cansado/a.

5. Although / though / even though
In spite of / despite
1. Complete the sentences. Use although + a sentence from the box.
I didn't speak the language he has a very important job
I had never seen her before we don't like them very much
it was quite cold the heating was on
I'd met her twice before we've known each other a long time
1 Although he has a very important job, he isn't particularly well-paid.
2 Although I had never seen her before
______________________________________, I recognised her from a
photograph.
3 although it was quite cold
She wasn't wearing a coat _______________________________
4 We thought we'd better invite them to the party
although we don't like them very much
___________________________________.
5 Although I didn't speak the language
_________________________________, I managed to make myself understood.
6 Although the heating was on
________________________________, the room wasn't warm.
7 I didn't recognise her ____________________________________.
although I'd met her twice before
8 We're not very good friends __________________________________. time
although we've known each other a long

6. 2 Complete the sentences with although / in spite of / because / because of.
1 Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.
2 a In spite of / Despite all our careful plans, a lot of things went wrong.
________________
b ________________ we'd planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong.
Although
3 a I went home early ___________________I was feeling unwell.
because
although
b I went to work the next day _________________________I was still feeling unwell.
4 a She only accepted the job ________________________the salary, which was very high.
because of
b She accepted the job ________________________the salary, which was rather low.
in spite of / despite
5 a I managed to get to sleep ________________________ there was a lot of noise.
although
because of
b I couldn't get to sleep ________________________ the noise.
• Use your own ideas to complete the following sentences:
6 a He passed the exam although ________________________________________.
he hadn't studied very hard
b He passed the exam because ________________________________________.
he had studied very hard
7 a I didn't eat anything although _________________________________________.
I was hungry
being hungry / my hunger / the fact (that) I was hungry
b I didn't eat anything in spite of _________________________________________.

7. 3 Make one sentence from two. Use the word(s) in brackets in your
sentences.
1 I couldn't sleep. I was very tired. (despite)
• I couldn’t sleep despite being very tired.
2 They have very little money. They are happy. (in spite of)
• In spite ______________________________________________.
of having very little money, they are happy
3 My foot was injured. I managed to walk to the nearest village.
(although)
• ___________________________________________________.
Although my foot was injured, I managed to walk to the nearest village
4 I enjoyed the film. The story was silly. (in spite of)
• ___________________________________________________. was…
I enjoyed the film in spite of the silly story / of the fact that the story
5 We live in the same street. We hardly ever see each other. (despite)
• ___________________________________________________.
Despite living in the same street, we hardly ever see each other
6 I got very wet in the rain. I was only out for five minutes. (even though)
• ___________________________________________________.
Even though I was only out for five minutes, I got very wet in the rain

8. 4 Use the words in brackets to make a sentence with though at
the end.
1 The house isn't very nice. (like / garden).
I like the garden though.
2 It's warm today. (very windy).
______________________________.
It's very windy though
3 We didn't like the food. (ate)
______________________________.
We ate it though.
4 Liz is very nice. (don't like / husband).
I ______________________________.
don't like her husband though