"عسى أن تكون علما ينتفع به"

1. Effect of Probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
on Performance of Broiler
Chicks

2. Introduction
› A popular alternative to the use of antibiotics has been the use of probiotics which
have been used in poultry for:
“competitive/exclusion” of bacterial pathogens.

3. Cont. …
The positive effects of probiotics on animals can result either from:
1. A direct nutritional effect of the probiotic.
2. Probiotics acting as bioregulators of the intestinal microflora and reinforcing the
host’s natural altitude defenses.

4. Cont. …
› There have been numerous studies in humans and animals on the ability of
probiotics to change the types and numbers of gut microflora.

5. What is Probiotics?
› Gong et al. define probiotics as:
Health-promoting bacteria inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract of humans and
animals.

6. How Do Probiotics Work?
› Exactly how supplemental dietary microbial products function in the digestive system
is not known, but some suggested mechanism are that they:
1. Provide nutrients
2. Aid in digesting foods
3. Inhibit harmful bacteria

7. Benefits of using Probiotics
› Since Tortuero found that Lactobacillus cultures improve broiler growth, many
investigations have been conducted to determine the effects of probiotic bacteria,
mainly the lactic acid bacteria (LAB), on the performance of domestic animals,
especially poultry species.

8. Cont. …
1. Supplementing broilers with microbial cultures provides beneficial bacteria to:
a) Aid in nutrient absorption
b) Enhance the microbial balance in the digestive tract.
Therefore, probiotics are used to get rid of stress induced abnormalities in the
gastrointestinal tract, thus normalizing gut activity.
2. Cavazzoni et al. found that feeding probiotic supplements based on Bacillus
coagulans enhanced the growth rate of broilers.

9. Clinical Trail

10. Study Aim
› The objective of this study was to determine the effects Saccharomyces cerevisiae
as a dietary probiotic source, on broiler:
1. Performance
2. Haematological profile
3. Blood biochemistry

11. Materials and Methods
› 100 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Faobrow CD)
› Birds were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups, each of 20 birds.

12. Treatment
› Group 1: basal diet
› Group 2: basal diet + baker yeast 0.5%
› Group 3: basal diet + baker yeast 1%
› Group 4: basal diet + baker yeast 1.5%
› Group 5: basal diet + baker yeast 2%
› Baker yeast (3.44x10 log 8 CFU/g of Saccharomyces cerevisiae concentration for
37C0 for 3 days).

13. Evaluation
Performance
1. Body weight gain
2. Feed consumption
3. Feed conversion ratio

14. Cont. …
Hematological parameters
› All chicks were scarified at the end of 21 days and blood samples were taken from
brachial vein for blood analysis, including;
1. Total RBCS
2. Hemoglobin
3. Packed cell volume
4. Total white blood cells
5. Differential leukocyte count

15. Cont. …
Serum biochemistry
› Serum samples were taken and stored under (-20 ºC) until assayed for estimation of:
1. Total protein
2. Triglycerides
3. Cholesterol
4. Calcium
5. Uric acid
6. Glucose
7. ALT and AST enzymes

16. Cont. …
Relative organs weight
› Chicks in all treatments were killed at the end of the experiment by cervical
dislocation, and liver, gizzard, heart, spleen, proventriculus, bursa of Fabricius,
pancreas and kidney were collected, weighed, and calculated as a percentage of life
body weight.

17. Results / Performance
Treatments yeast %
Body weight gain(g)
Feed consumption (g)
FCR
Mortality %
1-7 d 8-14 d 15-21d 1-21 d
1 0 57.0 104.0 140.0 301.0 410 1.362 0
2 0.5 57.6 105.0 139.4 302.0 411 1.360 0
3 1 58.1 108.6 142.9 309.6 421 1.359 0
4 1.5 58.6 110.4 149.3 318.3 430 1.350 0
5 2 60.2 111.0 152.7 323.9 434 1.339 0

18. Results / Relative Organs Weight
Treatments yeast % Liver Gizzard Heart Spleen Proventriculus Bursa of Fabricious Pancreas Kidney
1 0 2.845 3.924 0.503 0.032 0.583 0.289 0.433 0.700
2 0.5 2.871 4.002 0.542 0.036 0.575 0.290 0.434 0.711
3 1 2.861 4.050 0.552 0.034 0.576 0.291 0.436 0.714
4 1.5 2.891 3.990 0.514 0.036 0.539 0.293 0.437 0.716
5 2 2.885 3.982 0.505 0.033 0.565 0.297 0.439 0.722

19. Results / Hematological Parameters
Treatments Yeast %
Erythrocyte count
(x106/mm3)
Hemoglobin g %Hematocrit %
Mean
corpuscular
volume (ìm3)
Mean
corpuscular
hemoglobin (pg)
Mean
corpuscular
hemoglobin
concentration
(%)
1 0 2.63 7.1 30.7 116.730 26.996 23.127
2 0.5 2.60 7 29.5 113.461 26.923 23.728
3 1 2.81 8.3 31 110.320 29.537 26.774
4 1.5 2.72 7.5 30.2 111.029 27.573 24.834
5 2 2.85 9.2 34 119.290 32.280 27.050

20. Results / Serum biochemistry
Treatments Yeast % Total protein (g/100ml) Triglycerides (mg/100ml) Cholesterol (mg/100ml) Calcium (mg/100ml)
1 0 3.33 424.78 199.71 11.23
2 0.5 3.41 328.46 179.83 11.19
3 1 3.40 295.58 176.14 10.59
4 1.5 3.78 282.58 180.09 10.80
5 2 4.05 297.57 168.83 11.33

21. Discussion
› In this experiment baker yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation of
broilers, to the level of 1, 1.5 and 2%, were significantly:
1. Increase the body weight gain
2. Increase feed consumption
3. Increase feed conversion efficiency

22. Cont. …
› No negative effects were exert on the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at all
inclusion levels on internal body organs nor the hematological picture as compared
with control group.

23. Cont. …
› The beneficial effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is attributed to the fact that it is a
naturally rich source of proteins, minerals and B-complex vitamins.

24. Cont. …
› It is well known that yeast culture, and its cell wall extract containing 1,3-1,6 D-
glucan and Mannanoligosaccharide are the important natural growth promoters for
modern livestock and poultry production.
› The advantages of these promoters over the traditional antibiotic growth promoters
are:
1. No withdrawal time
2. No residual effect
3. No causes of microbial mutation

25. Cont. …
› Saccharomyces cerevisiae is considered as one of the live microorganisms
probiotic that, when administered through the digestive tract, have a positive impact
on the hosts health through its direct nutritional effect.

26. Cont. …
› Field reports (21,22) have suggested that probiotic supplementation improved
performance of broilers.
› The different mechanisms of probiotic action suggested are;
1. Nutritional effect by regulation of metabolic reactions that produces toxic
substances
2. Stimulation of endogenous enzymes and by production of vitamins or
antimicrobial substances

27. › Saccharomyces cerevisiae could act as :
1. Bioregulator of the intestinal micro flora
2. Reinforcing the host natural defenses, through the sanitary effect by increasing
the colonization resistance and stimulation of the immune response.

28. Increase growth rate
› These effects were largely reflected by using mannan Oligosaccharide which
improved body weight gain in broiler chickens, this may be attributed to the trophic
effect of MOS on the intestinal mucosa, as it increases villus height, particularly
during the first 7 days of the chickens life.
› This observation could be in accordance with that mention mannan Oligosaccharides
used to control pathogenic scours of all kinds in livestock caused by salmonella, and
E. coli etc.

29. › Competitive exclusion
› Mannan-oligosaccharides are thought to block the attachment of pathogenic bacteria
to the animal's intestine and colonization that may result in disease, while acting as a
nutrient to other beneficial bacteria.

30. › Immune system stimulation
› It is also thought to stimulate the animal's immune system, thereby further reducing
the risk of disease.
› Oyofo et al., observed that the adherence of Salmonella typhimurium to enterocytes
of the small intestine of chicks, in vitro, was inhibited in the presence of mannose.
› Later, they found that inclusion of mannose in the drinking water of chicks reduced S.
typhimurium colonization of the cecum.

31. Intestinal morphology
› Feeding MOS to chickens improved the morphology of the small intestine;
1. Increased goblet cell numbers
2. Reduced crypt depth
3. Greater villus width.

32. Lipid profile
› Addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae lead to:
1. Increase of total serum protein and glucose levels
2. Reduce levels of both serum triglycerides and cholesterol in egg yolk by and
serum in chicken.
› Recent report suggested that feeding of chicory beta fructans – an oligosaccharide,
a prebiotic, reduced the serum cholesterol and abdominal fat of broiler chicken.

33. Contact us on;
ossama.motawae@eurekaeg.com
+201023985680