1. Genetic resources of potato
Ningappa kirasur
2014-12-129
Dept. of Olericulture
COH, Vellanikkara
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2. Potato
o Solanum tuberosum
o Solanaceae
o 2n=48
o South America
o Fourth important food crop after rice, wheat and
maize
o Introduced to India in 17th century by Portuguese
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3. Biosystematics
o Genus Solanum - consists of >2000 species
o More than 200 species were tuber bearing species
including 20 cultivated species
o The tuber bearing species are grouped under the section -
petota, sub section potatoe with 19 series.
o Among cultivated species , two important auto tetraploids
o S. tuberosum ssp tuberosum and S. tuberosum ssp
andigena
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4. Contd…
o Two diploid species are S. phureja and S. stenotomum
o Other wild species of the series tuberosa are,
o S. sparsipilum, S. leptophys, S. berthaultii, and S.
spegazzinii, S. vernei
o Cultivated potato is crossable with other cultivated
species and wild diploid species
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6. Contd…
o Wild species have been found useful for transgression of
genes for resistance to diseases and insect pests
o The cultivated species S. tuberosum ssp tuberosum -
widely spread in Europe, USA, Canada and Asia
o While S. tuberosum ssp andigena - is grown only in the
andeas of South America
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7. Origin and domestication
o Potato is originated in the Andean region of Peru and
Bolivia in south America
o It was domesticated in 10,000 – 7000 years ago
o First domesticated species was Solanum stenotomum,
which originated from the wild species S. leptophyes
o The other progenitors of present day cultivated potato,
with three wild species S. sparsipilum, S. acaule and S.
megistacrolobum
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24. Solanum species Traits of interest
S. andigena Late blight, immune to virus x
and y
S. bulbocastanum Late blight resistance
S. jamessi Fusarium wilt resistance
S. pinnatisectum Late blight resistance
S. stenotomum Frost resistance
S. stoloniferum Immune to PVA and PVY ,
resistance to late blight
S. multidissectum Nematodes resistance
Species used for introgression of genes in to potato
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25. Source of resistance in wild species
o Solanum demissum - late blight, leaf roll virus
o Solanum acaule - PVX, PLRV, spindle tuber viroid
o Solanum chacoensis - PVA, PVY, late blight, tuber moth
o Solanum spegazzinii - Fusarium, wart, cyst nematode
o Solanum stoloniferum - PVA, PVY
o Solanum vernei - Cyst nematode
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26. Potato germplasm conservation institutes
o CIP- International potato center - Peru
o CPRI- Central potato research institute- Shimla
o Gene bank holds 80% of the worlds native potato and
sweet potato germplasm
o Also maintains more than 1,500 accessions of native
Andean root and tuber crops (ARTCs )
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27. Contd....
o In vitro germplasm is available for distribution
o Used in breeding programs over 100 countries
o CIP’s in vitro gene bank is the first to obtain International
Standards Organization (ISO) 17025 accreditation for safe
and secure germplasm movement
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