1. Lecture 4

2.  It defines what is good or bad, right or wrong
 They guide our behavior wherever we go
 They are the primary sources of our actions
 It provides standards of competence &
morality
 They are more central to the core of a
person

3.  Socially blessed ways to achieve our needs
 Contain a judgmental element as they showcase
a person’s ideas as to what is right or wrong
 These are emotionally charged priorities & are
passionately defended
 They are moralistic in nature
 Are relatively permanent in nature & resistant to
change

4.  Theoretical: through reasoning & systematic thinking
 Economic: leads to accumulation of wealth
 Aesthetic: Interest in beauty, form & artistic harmony
 Social: Interest in human relationships
 Political: Interest in gaining power & influencing
people
 Religious: Interest in unity

5. Terminal
 Represent goals to
be achieved
 Ex: comfortable
life
 Inner security
 Social recognition
Instrumental
 Represent the
means to achieve
the goals
 Ex:Ambitious
 Broad minded
 Logical

6.  Provide understanding of attitudes, motivation, and
behaviors
 Influence our perception of the world around us
 Represent interpretations of “right” and “wrong”
 Imply that some behaviors or outcomes are preferred
over others
5-6

8.  Refers to a stable set of opinions
 Also known as frames of references
 It is a cognitive element, remains inside a
person
 Individual’s attitude is reflected in his
behavior

9.  An attitude is the predisposition of the individual to evaluate some
objects in a favourable or an unfavourable manner.
 The most pervasive phenomenon is “attitude”. People at work
place have attitudes about lots of topics that are related to them.
 Attitudes are different from values. Values are the ideals, whereas
attitudes are narrow, they are our feelings, thoughts and
behavioural tendencies toward a specific object or situation.
 Attitude is a predisposition to respond to a certain set of facts.
 Attitudes are evaluative statements – either favourable or
unfavourable concerning the objects, people or events.
Attitudes, Values, Ethics And Job Satisfaction

10.  Determine meanings: If one has a overall
favorable attitude towards a person, one
tends to judge his activities as good or
superior.
 Reconcile contradictions: With a proper
attitude as a background, intelligent people
can reconcile or rationalize contradictions
with others. Ex: when a worker takes a little
rest, a superior considers it as “idling”

11.  Attitude organizes facts: events can be
differently perceived by different people
because of different attitudes. Meanings can
be communicated to others by changing the
attitudes of people
 Attitude select facts: From the plethora of
environmental facts, one tends to select
those which are in coordination with one’s
cherished beliefs.

12. Cognitive Component:
 Includes the beliefs that individual has
about certain person, object or situation
 Learned beliefs, such as, “you need to work
long hours to get ahead in this job”, lead to
attitudes that have an impact on behavior in
the workplace.
 It is basically a mental process of evaluation

13. Affective Component
 Refers to a person’s feelings that result from
his or her beliefs
 A person who believes hard work earns
promotions may feel anger or frustration
when he or she works hard but is not
promoted.
 Blood pressure & body language reflects
changes in emotions

14. Behavioral Component
 Refers to the individual’s behavior that
occurs as a result of his feelings about
persons, objects, things
 An individual may complain, request a
transfer, or be less productive because he
feels dissatisfied with work.
 The behavioral component of an attitude can
be measured by observing behavior or by
asking a person about behavior or intentions

15.  Job Satisfaction- happens when a job fulfils the attainment of
individual goals & dissatisfaction occurs when the job blocks such
attainment. It refers to an individual’s general attitude towards his
job. High level of job satisfaction leads to better performances & a
positive attitude towards his job.
 Job Involvement- it is the degree to which a person actively
participates in the proceedings of his job. Employees with a high
level of job involvement strongly identify with & really care about
the kind of work they do.
 Organisational Commitment- Is the degree to which an employee
identifies with a particular organisation & its goals & wishes to
maintain membership in the organisation. High organisational
commitment means identifying with one’s employing organisation.
Attitudes, Values, Ethics And Job Satisfaction

16.  Direct Experience- attitudes can develop from a personally
rewarding & punishing experience with an object. Attitudes that
are not learned from direct experience are not available &
therefore we do not recall them easily.
 Classical Conditioning – people develop associations between
various objects & the emotional reactions that accompany
them
 Operant Conditioning- Attitudes that are re in forced tend to
be maintained.
 Vicarious Learning- in which a person learns something
through the observance of others
 Social Learning- Opinions formed from social interactions
 Social learning can take place through the following ways
 The Family: through imitation of parents
 Peer Groups: friend circle have a deep impact on the
minds of individuals
 Modelling: by observing others

17. ATTITUDE VALUE
1. Attitudes exhibit predisposition to respond. 1. Values represent judgemental ideas like
what is right.
2. Attitudes refer to several beliefs relating to
a specific object or situation.
2. Values represent single belief focused on
objects or situations.
3. Attitudes are one’s personal experiences. 3. Values are derived from social and cultural
mores.
Differences
Attitudes, Values, Ethics And Job Satisfaction

19.  A positive attitude towards one’s job is
known as job satisfaction
 It is basically an emotional response to a job
situation
 It is a result of employee’s perception of how
well their job offers those things which are
viewed as important

20.  The work itself: the extent to which the job
offers the individual with interesting tasks &
opportunities for learning
 Pay: the amount of financial remuneration
received
 Promotion opportunities: the chances of
career growth
 Supervision: the amount of technical help
provided by superior
 Coworkers: the degree to which fellow
workers are technically helpful
 Working conditions: clean, attractive
surroundings in which work is actually
carried out

21.  Impacts mental health: Job satisfaction helps in
psychological adjustment & happy living of a
person
 Influences physical well being: dissatisfaction
leads to stress which upsets the health of an
individual
 Company goodwill: people who feel positively
about their work life are likely to voice favorable
opinions about the company to the general
public
 Reduces turnover: a happy & satisfied individual
can find it easy to stay with the company for a
long time

22.  Innovative jobs: people are more satisfied with
jobs which they enjoy rather than those that are
dull & boring
 Fair rewards: people who believe that their
organization's pay systems are fair tend to be
more satisfied with their jobs
 Jobs that match interest: the more people find
that they are able to fulfill their interests while
on the job, the more they will be satisfied with
the jobs
 Challenging assignment: most people like jobs
that are interesting to handle & challenging to
confront