RFID technology uses radio waves to transfer data between electronic tags attached to objects and readers to enable identification and tracking. RFID tags contain integrated circuits and antennas that allow each object to have a unique identification number. RFID systems are faster and more reliable than barcode systems as they do not require line of sight or contact. Libraries can benefit from RFID systems through faster check-in/out processes, improved inventory management, and increased security. While providing these benefits, RFID systems in libraries must also develop privacy policies to inform patrons about how tag data is used and collected.

1. Radio Frequency Identification
Presented to:
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Rafiq
Presented by:
Shahzada Nadeem Raza
(M.Phil. Scholar)
Department of Information Management
University of the Punjab, Lahore. Pakistan 1

2. Introduction
RFID Library Management System
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3. Radio Frequency Identification:
RFID is a technology that uses communication through the
Use of radio waves to transfer data between a reader and
electronic tag attached to a object for the purpose of
identification and tracking
RFID makes it possible to give each product/object a
unique identification number
RFID is one method for automatic identification and data
capture (AIDC)
RFID is fast, reliable, and does not require physical line of
sight or contact between reader/scanner and the RFID
tagged item.
What is RFID?What is RFID?
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4. This is the frequency band that is used for wireless
communications transmission and broadcasting
Frequency refers to the rate of oscillation* of
electromagnetic radio waves in the range of
3 kHz to 300 GHz
What is Radio Frequency (RF)?What is Radio Frequency (RF)?
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Oscillation:Oscillation: the act of regularly moving from one state position tothe act of regularly moving from one state position to
Another and back to the original positionAnother and back to the original position

5. Components of RFID
1. Tags
2. Reader
3. Antenna
4. Server ( is a middle ware which handles information flows
between tags and existing computer database)
5. Database (is the primary repository which manages,
process, and store target information)
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Types of Tags
 Passive Tags: (using no battery) used
energy/power transmitted from RFID reader
 Active Tags: (used battery) used its own
energy/power. These types of tags continuously broadcast their
own signal & commonly used for real time location to accurately
tacks of the object . RFID power last between 3-5 years, which
can be replaced by new battery
 Semi-Passive Tags or Battery assisted
Passive (BAP):which has a small battery on board that
is activated when in the presence of an RFID reader

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8. RFID Tags ContainsRFID Tags Contains
RFID Tags contains at least Two parts:
1. Integrated Circuits (usually called Chip)
Integrated Circuits used for storing and processing information,
modulating and demodulating a radio-frequency, and other
specialized functions
2. Antenna (for receiving and transmitting signals)
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9. Types of Readers and Security Gate
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Desktop readerHand held reader
Readers devices are used to acquire tag/label information
RFID Security Gate

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11. RFID Tags Frequency?RFID Tags Frequency?
1.Low Frequency (range between 0- 300 KHZ)
2.High Frequency (range between 3 - 30 MHz)
3.Ultra High Frequency (range between 433-960 MHz)
4.Microwave Frequency (range between 2.45-1000 GHz)
Generally speaking, low frequency RFID systems offer shorter scan range
and vice virsa
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12. RFID in Libraries
The key challenge for librarians today is to improve customer
services and provide Patrons with a pleasant experience when
searching and browsing books. RFID Technology significantly
reduces management costs and increases the time that Librarians
spend with patrons by enabling automated book handling at check-
ins, Check-outs, collections inventories, book sorting and theft
deterrence. RFID plays vital Role in redefining the library process
to make everyone’s job easier right from patron to library staff.
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13. • RFID is a latest technology to be used in library theft
detection systems. Unlike EM (Electro-Mechanical and RF
(Radio Frequency) systems, which have been used in
libraries for decades,
• RFID based systems move beyond: Security to become
tracking systems that combine security with more efficient
tracking of materials through out the library
RFID in Libraries
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14. Library Management System using RFIDLibrary Management System using RFID
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15.  Reduces Staff stress and increases management efficiency
 Can help prevent theft
 Fastest, easiest, most efficient way to track, locate & manage
library materials
 Efficient Book circulation & management
 Library inventory tracking in minutes instead of hours
 Multiple books can be read simultaneously
 Unique ID of the RFID tag prevents counterfeiting
 Automated material handling
 Faster Check-in / Check-out etc
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Why RFID for Libraries ? (features)

16.  Flexibility in searching information
 Centralized database
 User identification through their rfid tags/smart cards
 Security features include a login procedure with
password protection or both, the librarian as well as the
member, for security purpose
 Demand Tracking
 Statistics and crystal report generation
 Web based module
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Why RFID for Libraries ? (features)

17. Operated Manually
Most Libraries are Staff intensive
Large amount of Routine Procedures
Difficult for Searching a specific book
Card based Issue/ Return of Books
Technology Used
 Barcode Technology for identification –
Current Library Management System
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18. Drawbacks of Barcode Technology:
 Barcode readers require a direct line of sight, using laser technology
 Scan and read one tag at a time and also time consuming
 Human intervention is required to scan a barcode
 It should be visible on the product for scanning
 Does not have read/write memory
 The readability of the barcode can be impaired by dirt, moisture,
abrasion and packaging etc..
 Less read range & Holds fixed and Limited data.
 Technology is old and outdated
 cannot read a bar code if there is any obstacle between the reader and
the bar code
Current Library Management System contd..
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19. History of RFID
RFID technology was initially formed in
1948.
Originally developed for use in World
War II, the British used it to identify their
planes
The New RFID first appear in the early
1980s, where it was used for:
item tracking
and access control application
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20. RFID usage in Different Sectors
 Automobile with Automated Vehicle
 Pharmaceutical industry
 Livestock and Pet world wide (is a big market of RFID tags almost
600 millions tags per year being used in year 2014)
 RFID is Implanted in animals, plants and people,
 In Retail Sale/Supply Chains
 RFID and Casino Chips
 RFID in Courier Services
 RFID In Military Usages
 Wireless Transaction
 RFID in Publishing
 RFID in Libraries ………………………….. & so onnnnnn
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21. General Advantages
of RFID Systems
 Ability to read data without visual access
 Ability to read data from moving objects
 Ability to read data at distance, from 3cm to 100
metres
 Ability to secure the tag data
 Ability to update data in the tag (write)
 Ability to have automated read of tags.
 Ability to have the tag form to suit the application
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22. No line of sight needed.
Allows to check-out and check-in several
items simultaneously.
Different shapes and sizes available.
Performing both identification and antitheft
in one single operation.
Accelerate scanning and identifying.
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General Advantages
of RFID Systems

23. Libraries…
Stock management
Operations such as managing material on the shelves,
identifying missing & mishelved items are streamlined and
taking stocks regularly will be feasible
Improved patron services
Spending minimal time on circulation operations allows library
staff to assist patrons
Routine patron services are not disturbed even when libraries are
facing staff shortages & budget cuts
Flexibility and modularity
Ability to add newer products and features as finances and customer
needs dictate
Security
Library item identification & security bit is combined into a single
tag, there by eliminating the need to attach an additional security
strip
Benefits of RFID
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24. Library Staff…RFID Benefits
Less time needed for circulation operations
Implementing RFID will considerably reduce the amount of
time required to issue, receive, transport, sort & shelve
library materials
Efficient Inventory management
Inventory management can be done using a handheld reader
without closing the library and is at least 20 times faster
compared to existing barcode based system
Reducing Repetitive Stress Injuries (RSI)
RFID based system reduces repetitive scanning of individual
items at the circulation desk during check in, check out and
hence avoids RSI. Taking inventory in a RFID based system
doesn’t require physical de-shelving & shelving of library
materials

25. Patrons…RFID Benefits
 Patrons will spend less time waiting in check-out lines by
using Self Check in - Check out systems
 Patrons find what they are looking for quickly & easily
 Reminders for due dates allows patrons to submit
borrowed materials in time
 Use of book drops & return chutes for returning library
material, allows for flexible timings
 RFID enabled patron cards allows for easy patron
identification
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26. RFID Implementation Road Map
 Prepare building for installation of Self-Return Book
Drop.
 Installation of Self-Return Book Drop.
 Installation of Security Gates.
 Installation of RFID antennas at circulation desk(s).
 Setup of technical services area for implementation of
RFID.
 Acquire smart labels and affix them to books.
 Program tags at technical services area.
 Installation of Self-Checkout workstation.
 Train library staff.
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27. RFID Implementation in Libraries
 A privacy policy should be developed, that will encompass
implementation of RFID..
 Library users have a right to know that items contain RFID tags and
generally where readers are located, technical specifications of those
devices.
 Library users must be given notice of the purposes for which tags and
readers are used.
 The library must inform its users who they can contact for questions
and complaints.
 If a library selects an RFID-based system, it is likely to retain that
system for a long time, primarily because of its high cost as well as the
time-consuming structural changes that the library must engage in to
successfully use the new system.
 A performance criterion should be formulated.
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28. RFID Library Solution: (Prices)
Sr Description Qty Price GST G. Total
1 RFID Security Gate 1 850000 136000 986000
2 Desktop Reader 1 195000 31200 226200
3 Hand Held reader for book
inventory
1 175000 28000 203000
4 RFID security Tag 1 45-50 7.2 52
5 Software Integration with
existing library software
1 250000 0 250000
6 Hardware Installation 1 50000 0 50000
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29. Library using RFID
in Pakistan
 LUMS
 SUPARCO Lahore
 FC College Lahore
 COMSAT, Islamabad
 University of Agriculture, Peshawar
 Air University Purchased hardware but not started
using
 IBA Karachi,
 IBA Sukhar,
 NED University of Engineering and Technology
Karachi ,
 IQRA Karachi, 31

30. Privacy Guide lines
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31. Market Share of RFID
In 2014, RFID market share is worth US $
8.89 billion
In 2013, RFID market share is worth US $
7.77 billion
In 2012, RFID market share is worth US $
6.96 billion
Up to 2026 the market share is expected to
rise to US $ 18.68 billion
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32. Thank You
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