4. Characteristics
Signaling transmission method
Medium used
Bandwidth: amount of data transmitted
in a fixed amount of time
Direction(s) in which signal can flow
Noise, attenuation, and distortion
characteristics
5. Signaling transmission method
Analog: continuous varying waveforms
to carry data
Digital:
a.Two different values of electrical
voltage or current
b.On/off light source
c.Frequently preferred because less
susceptible to noise and interference
6. Directions
Point to point channels
a. Simplex: channel passes data in one
direction only
b. Half-duplex: transmits data one direction
at a time (walkie-talkie)
c. Full-duplex: transmits data in both
directions simultaneously (telephone)
10. Twisted-pair cable
Cabling is a type of wiring in which two
conductors of a single circuit are twisted
together for the purposes of canceling out
electromagnetic interference (EMI) from
external sources
12. Coaxial cable
A type of cable that has an inner
conductor surrounded by a tubular
insulating layer, surrounded by a tubular
conducting shield. Many coaxial cables
also have an insulating outer sheath or
jacket.
13.
14. Fiber-optics
Its a flexible, transparent fiber made of
high quality glass (silica) or plastic,
slightly thicker than a human hair. It can
function as a waveguide, or “light
pipe”, to transmit light between the two
ends of the fiber
16. Fiber-optics
Optical fibers are widely used in fiberoptic communications, which permits
transmission over longer distances and at
higher bandwidths (data rates) than other
forms of communication. Fibers are used
instead of metalwires because signals
travel along them with less loss and are
also
immune
to electromagnetic
interference.
18. Wireless Transmission Media
Broadcast Radio
a. Distribute signals through the
air over long distance
b. Uses an antenna
c. Typically for stationary
locations
d. Can be short range
19. Wireless Transmission Media
Cellular Radio
a. A form of broadcast radio
used for mobile
communication
b. High frequency radio waves to
transmit voice or data
20. Wireless Transmission Media
Microwaves
a. Radio waves providing high
speed transmission
b. They are point-to-point (can’t be
obstructed)
c. Used for satellite communication
21. Wireless Transmission Media
Infrared (IR)
a. Wireless transmission media that
sends signals using infrared lightwaves
22. Wireless Transmission Media
Infrared (IR)
a. Wireless transmission media that
sends signals using infrared lightwaves