3. Substituted Hydrocarbons
A hydrocarbons that is changed by
replacing one or more hydrogen atoms
with another atom(s).
The hydrogen can be
replaced by various
molecules/atoms, one
example is a halogen
group (Cl, F, etc).
4. toxic chemical
Chloromethane
paint remover
Dichloromethane
non stick frying pan
Trichloromethane
toxic chemical
Carbon tetrachloride
5. Alcohols
The hydroxyl group is ______.
-OH
An alcohol is formed when a hydroxyl
group replaces a hydrogen atom in a
hydrocarbon.
6.
7. Ethanol is an alcohol produced
naturally when sugar in corn, grains, and
fruit ferments.
8. Carboxylic Acid
A carboxyl group consists of a carbon
atom that has a double bond with one
oxygen atom and a single bond with a
hydroxyl group. Its formula is COOH.
When a carboxyl group is substituted in a
hydrocarbon, the substance formed is
called a carboxylic acid.
9. Carboxylic Acid
Many carboxylic acids occur in
foods.
Citric acid is found in citrus fruits
such as oranges and grapefruit.
Lactic acid is present in sour milk.
Acetic acid dissolved in water, this
is also known as vinegar.
10.
11. Amines
Amines are a group of substituted
hydrocarbons formed when an
amino group (NH2) replaces a
hydrogen atom.
Methylamine is formed when one of
the hydrogens in methane is replaced
with an amino group.
13. Amines
A more complex amine is the
novocaine dentists once used to
numb your mouth during dental
work.
14. Amino Acids
When BOTH an amino group (NH2)
and a carboxyl acid group (COOH)
replace hydrogens on the same
carbon atom in a molecule, an
amino acid is formed.
Amino acids are essential for
human life.
15. Amino Acids
There are 20 amino acids that are needed in the
body.
They are formed by replacing the yellow
highlighted hydrogen atom with different groups.
For example, in alanine,
one hydrogen atom is replaced by a methyl (CH3)
group.
17. Proteins
The 20 different amino acids bond in different
combinations to form a large variety of
proteins.
These are needed in the human body.
Some amino acids are made in our bodies
and are called nonessential.
The essential amino acids, must be
consumed by eating protein-rich foods.
The human body stores fat and starches for
later use, but it does not store excess amino
acids for later use—these amino acids must
eaten every day.
18. Proteins
Proteins can be as long as approximately
25,000 amino acids long. WOW!! That’s long!
