Computer fundamentals

1. COMPUTER
FUNDAMENTALS
MADE BY:-
ALOK TIWARI
SAGAR SONI

2. WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
A computer is a programmable machine
designed to sequentially and automatically
carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical
operations

3. BASIC COMPUTER
OPERATION
1. Input: This is the process of entering data and programs in to
the computer system. You should know that computer is an
electronic machine like any other machine, which takes as input
raw data and performs some processing giving out processed
data. Therefore, the input unit takes data from us to the computer
in an organized manner for processing.

4. 2. Storage: The process of saving data and instructions
permanently is known as storage. Data has to be fed into the system
before the actual processing starts. It is because the processing
speed of Central Processing Unit (CPU) is so fast that the data has
to be provided to CPU with the same speed. Therefore the data is
first stored in the storage unit for faster access and processing.
This storage unit or the primary storage of the computer system
is designed to do the above functionality

5. 3. PROCESSING
T H E TA S K O F P E R F O R M I N G O P E R AT I O N S
LIKE ARITHMETIC AND LOGICAL
O P E R AT I O N S I S C A L L E D P R O C E S S I N G . T H E
C E N T R A L P R O C E S S I N G U N I T ( C P U ) TA K E S
DATA A N D I N S T R U C T I O N S F R O M T H E
STORAGE UNIT AND MAKES ALL SORTS OF
C A L C U L AT I O N S B A S E D O N T H E
INSTRUCTIONS GIVEN AND THE TYPE OF
DATA P R OV I D E D . T H E R E S U LT I S T H E N S E N T
BACK TO THE STORAGE UNIT .

6. 4. Output: This is the process of producing
results from the data for getting useful
information. The results could either be
displayed on the screen or may be printed
for future reference. The output unit
therefore allows the results to be either
stored inside the computer for further
processing or may give you the results in
human readable form.

7. COMPUTER HARDWARE
COMPONENTS
1.MOTHERBOARD
2.POWER SUPPLY
3.REMOVABLE MEDIA DEVICES
4. SECONDARY STORAGE
5.INPUT/OUTPUT PHERIPHERALS.

8. 1.MOTHERBOARD
The motherboard is the main
component inside the case. It is a
large rectangular board with
integrated circuitry that connects
the other parts of the computer
including the CPU, the RAM, the
disk drives (CD, DVD hard disk or
any others) as well as any
peripherals connected via the
ports or the expansion slots.

9. 2.POWER SUPPLY
A power supply unit (PSU)
converts alternating current (AC)
electric power to low-voltage DC
power for the internal components
of the computer.. Power supply
units used in computers are nearly
always switch mode power
supplies (SMPS). The SMPS
provides regulated direct current
power at the several voltages
required by the motherboard and
accessories such as disk drives
and cooling fans.

10. 3.REMOVABLE
MEDIA DEVICES
In computer storage, removable media
refers to storage media which is
designed to be removed from the
computer without powering the
computer off. Some types of removable
media are designed to be read by
removable readers and drives.
Examples include:
Optical discs (Blu-ray discs, DVDs,
CDs)
Memory cards(CompactFlash card,
Secure Digital card, Memory Stick)
Floppy disks / Zip disks Magnetic tapes
Paper data storage (punched cards,
punched tapes

11. 4.SECONDARY
STORAGE
secondary storage is a storage
medium that holds information
until it is deleted or overwritten
regardless if the computer has
power. For example, a floppy
disk drive and hard disk drive
are both good examples of
secondary storage devices.

12. 5.INPUT/OUT-
PUT DEVICES
In computing, input/output, or
I/O, refers to the communication
between an information
processing system (such as a
computer), and the outside world,
possibly a human, or another
information processing system.
Inputs are the signals or data
received by the system, and
outputs are the signals or data sent
from it.

13. THANK YOU