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programming fundamentals compiler introduction to computer programming initializing arrays declaring arrays array arithmetic assignment operators arithmetic and arithmetic assignment operators operators comments in c interpreter computer programming operating system types of computeron the basis of functionality software micro processor input registers mouse keyboard application software second generation computers (1956-1963) first generation computers (1940-1956) the five generations of computers it becomes becomes an output. to reconfigure it as ready to be used as input ports. when the first 0 inputs all the ports are configured onfigured as inputs making them 8-bit ports. upon reset each use 8 pins and p3 p2 p1 i/o ports and their functions the four ports p0 and psen (bar). it is a 40 pin pdip (plastic dual ale/prog (bar) ea (bar) rst xtal2 xtal1 gnd i/o operations are done using four ports and 40 pi in 8051 embedded systems - io programming features of 8051 microcontroller 8051 flavors / members brief history of 8051 microcontroller block diagram of 8051 microcontroller 8051 comparison between 8051 family members embedded systems - 8051 microcontroller criteria for choosing microcontroller embedded system embedded microcontroller starter kit functions of simulators peripheral devices in embedded system debugging tools in an embedded system simulators language converter assemblers decompiler cross-compiler compilers and assemblers embedded systems tools & peripherals reading skils english skills learning english skills english importance of reading and its types. principles of negative current feedback the voltage gain of an amplifier without feedb advantages of negative voltage feedback current gain with negative current feedback gain of negative voltage feedback amplifier principles of negative voltage feedback in amplifi positive feedback negative feedback negative feedback positive feedback what is feedback? negative amplifiers transformer coupling transformer coupled amplifier direct coupling direct coupled amplifier name of coupling name of multistage amplifier rc coupling r-c coupled amplifier multistage amplifiers ac-auxiliary carry (ac) p-parity (p) carry flag (cy) zero flag (z) introduction an types flag in 8085 for loop do while loop introduction nested loops break and continue statements loop values of functions and assignment expressions while loop introduction • for loop • while loop • do while basic structure of c program • high-level languages • assembly languages • machine languages what are the types of programming language? • why do we need programming languages? • what is a programming language? outline • course introduction • programming langu passing variables returning values from functions function definition function call passing constants functions passing arguments to function function declaration local and external variables pass by value preprocessor directives functions in c programming fundamentals functions in c discussion course revision and paper plan software development process software development decisions the if statement the if-else statement the else-if construct lecture outline • decisions  the if statement the conditional operator the switch statement programming fundamentals decisions variable and types of variables input functions: scanf() and getche() arithmetic operators increment/decrement operators • variable and types of variables • input functio relational operators c building blocks arrays: example garbage accessing individual components arrays and strings write a program of your own choice that makes use 2-dimensional arrays 3-dimensional array 1) write a c program using arrays that produces th multidimensional arrays arrays as arguments to functions strings string functions arrays programming fundamentals arrays and strings executing a c program basics of c environment simple c program types of translators programming fundamentals and programming languages assembler translators why c still useful? why do we need programming languages? programming languages concepts software & hardware? what is a computer? programming fundamentals: initializing local and global variables formal parameters global variables local variables programming global variable programming global variable arrays in detail accessing array elements arrays a kind of data structure that can store a f write a c program using arrays that produces the m write a c program using 2 dim. arrays that gets tw write a c program using 2 dim. arrays that gets 2x advantage of array array introduction one-dimensional array multidime array introduction one-dimensional array multidimensional array function declarations function arguments function example calling a function variable types ranges and width data types while loop statement and do while loop statement do while loop statement. while loop statement for loop/statement. loop as repetitive statement decrement operator ncrement operator arithmetic increment operator relational operator manual expression to computer expressions nested if switch statement else if if-else simple if switch decisions in c escape sequences identifiers or names in c and constants in c identifiers or names in c working with variable variable format specifiers round one program style non structured programming difference between structured and object oriented need of programming language program modular programming/structured programming advantages of object oriented programming hierarchy of computer computer features of c language high level language metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor jfet junction field effect transistor (jfet) mosfet types of field effect transistors eft field effect transisters (fet) setting up a gmail account email addresses email basics setting up a gmail account & email safety gmail email safety register shifts and rotates busses fetch-execute flash rom eeprom rom - read only memory point-to-point vs. multipoint sram (static ram) ram: random access memory individual memory cell visual analogy of memory operation of memory concept of registers cpu system block diagram cu (control unit alu (arithmetic logic unit) the cpu and memory connecting methods to the internet history of internet internet ring topology bus star ring types of topology network topology wan lan two main types of network network internet types of network graphics package desktop publisher communication software word processor generic packaged software spreadsheet application software divided in to two main types presentation software custom based software database package software types of programming languages programing languages types of embedded os palm operating system i phone os machine language assambly language black berry operating system novell’s netware: single user/personal computer operating system windows embedded ce multiuser/network operating system windows mobile embedded operating system type of operating system graphical user interface (gui) system software tasks performed by an operating system command line interface category) makes it easier for others to find your tags magnetic disks discoverability score adding more i optical disks types of storage medium difference b/w memory & storage medium what is storage? magnetic tapes how is a letter represented in system processing? how to make binary what is binary data representation what is data system unit components of computer ink jet printers line printers daisy wheel printers photo printers dot matrix printers non impact printers impact printers printers touch screen monitors gas plasma monitors lcd monitors color monitor monochrome monitor types of monitor crt monitors monitor/display devices what are output devices? what is output definition output devices light pen touchpad touchscreen digital pen trackball joy stick mechanical mouse optical mouse wireless mouse types of mouse pointing devices input devices what is software? what is hardware? digital scanner what is input? input computer laptop/note books speed and cost: on the basis of size analog digitalll hybrid tablet pc pda mobile computer & devices hand held computer desktop computers personal computer laptop /note books super computer mainframe computer mini computer micro computer types of computer system software and application software categories of computer storage devices the processor and memory computer use two components essential computer hardware. input or output devices ram and rom storage output processing user data hardware parts of computer system purpose what is computer? cpu – central processing unit (microprocessor) co network interface software component how data is organized on disk computer components computer model hard disk single core/multi core today’s computer consists of three parts: display what is an operating system control unit what is an operating system application software os & application software computers: clients and servers fourth generation computers (1971-present) third generation computers(1964-1971) fifth generation computers(present and beyond) generations of computer computer generations ferromagnets and electromagnets magnets force on a moving charge in a magnetic field describe how magnetic poles interact with each oth describe the role of magnetic domain in magnetizat define ferromagnet describe the difference between the north and sout magnetic force between two parallel conductors magngetic fields produced by currents magnetic force on a current-carrying conductor magnetic fields and magnetic field lines magnetic field strength magnetic field torque on a current loop the hall effect ampere‘s law motors and meters describe the relationship between electricity and hixtory of computer fourth generation computers(1971-present) third generation computers(1964-1971 first generation computers generations of computers generations computers the atom solid state physics and insulators explain the band gap define valence describe how current is produced in a semiconducto conductors and semiconductors and how they differ define the and nucleus define atomic number discuss electron neutron proton characteristics and parameters and biasing the ato characteristics and parameters and biasing metal o and characteristics and parameters junction field operation voltage-current (v-i) characteristics bipolar junc contents the atom materials used in electronics cu describe three methods for charging an object state coulomb’s law state the law of conservation of charge desribe three common situations that generate stat between two points of opposite charge. of a negative point charge with twice the magnitud describe an electric field diagram of a positive p describe how the two types of charge interact. and describe how the two types of charge interact. define electric charge learning objectives two points of opposite charge. education electric field electricity electronics applied physics physics applied c concepts fundamental of c programming language and basic in c programming