Organizational citizenship behavior

1. … ***Never overlook the power of simplicity
*** …
… *** Never love anybody who treats you like you’re ordinary *** …

2. 543210
… *** A smile is the universal welcome *** …

3. … *** The help of Allah is near, but how near are you to Allah? *** …

4. Presentation
by :
Izhar Alam
Imran Rashid
Shah Mahmood Almayar
… *** As long as you know that Allah is with you, it doesn't matter who is against you *** …

5. Historyof
(OCB)
Whatis
OCB?
Levelsof
OCB
Independe
nt
variables
Conclusion
Videoon
OCB
Table
of
Content
s
… *** Many of life’s failures are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up *** …

6. … *** Great things are done by a series of small things brought together *** …
History: Organization citizenship
Behaviour (OCB)
• Original work: Katz
• Year: 1964
• Year 1988
• Father of (OCB): Dennis Organ
• The motivational basis of (OB)

7. … *** Citizenship is the chance to make a difference to the place where you belong *** …
What is Organization citizen behaviour (OCB) ?
“individual behavior that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly
recognized by the formal reward system, and that in the aggregate
promotes the effective functioning of the organization"
• OCB is discretionary in nature
• Not directly recognized by formal reward system
• Contributes positively to overall organizational effectiveness
• It’s not a part of job description

8. … *** Be so good they can’t ignore you *** …
Similar constructs
• Contextual Performance
4 - Elements
• Non-task related work behaviors and activities that contribute to social
and psychological aspects of the organization.
• When the job market become more aggressive.
• To remain competitive it’s necessary for the employees.
1. Persistence of enthusiasm
2. Assistance to others
3. Following rule and proscribed procedure
4. Openly defending the organization objectives
Difference • It’s included while overall job performance evaluation

9. … *** Humans have a lot of pro-social tendencies *** …
Similar constructs
• Prosocial Organizational Behaviour
Difference
• POB a behavior within an organization that aimed at
improving the welfare of another person.
• Helping a coworker with personal matters

10. • ERD a behavior that attempts to benefit organization and that
goes beyond existing role expectations.
• Helping coworkers with a job related problem.
• Accepting orders without excitement.
• Tolerating temporary impositions without complaint.
… *** We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence then, is not an act, but a habit *** …
Similar constructs
• Extra-role Behaviour (ERB)
Difference
• Two concepts that are not included in OCB
1. Whistle blowing
2. Principled organizational dissent

11. … *** Everything has beauty, but not everyone sees it *** …
Multidimensionality
• Smith, Organ, and Near 1983
Williams and Anderson 1991
1. Altruism
2. Courtesy
3. Conscientiousness
4. Civic virtue
5. Sportsmanship
• Two dimensions
1. Altruism: helping a specific work colleague
2. General compliance: Low rates of absenteeism
Improves
organizational
effectiveness
• Organ, Five-factor Model 1988
OCBI OCBO

12. … *** We make a living by what we get, but we make a life by what we give *** …
OCBI
• Altruism Helping a specific work colleague.

13. … *** Courtesy costs nothing, but buys everything *** …
OCBI
• Courtesy Preventing conflicts and Being polite and
considerate about others.

14. … *** The way of our Master is none other than conscientiousness of altruism *** …
OCBO
• Conscientiousness Employees accept and adhere to the rules,
regulations and procedures of an organization.

15. … *** You need to trust young people and give them a chance to participate and to lead *** …
OCBO
• Civic virtue Employees positive involvement, deep concerns
and active interest in the life of organization.

16. … *** The strength of the group is the strength of the leaders *** …
OCBO
• Sportsmanship Sportsmanship is defined as exhibiting no negative
behavior when something does not go as planned.

17. … *** We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence then, is not an act, but a habit*** …
Gender Differences
• Research on gender-role stereotypes has gone on for decades.
Feminine behaviours Masculine Behaviours
Gender role
Altruism
Courtesy
Civic virtue
Sportsmanship

18. … *** The strength of the group is the strength of the leaders *** …
Counterproductive Work Behaviour
• CWB Intentional employee behavior that is harmful to
the legitimate interests of an organization.

19. … *** The strength of the group is the strength of the leaders *** …
Antecedents
• Job satisfaction and organizational commitment
• Leadership behaviour and LMX
• Fairness perceptions
• Role perceptions
• Individual dispositions
• Motivational theories
• Employee age

20. … *** The strength of the group is the strength of the leaders *** …
Antecedents
• Job satisfaction and organizational commitment

21. … *** The strength of the group is the strength of the leaders *** …
Antecedents
• Role perceptions

22. … *** The strength of the group is the strength of the leaders *** …
Antecedents
• Leadership behaviour and LMX

23. … *** The strength of the group is the strength of the leaders *** …
Antecedents
• Fairness perceptions

24. … *** The strength of the group is the strength of the leaders *** …
Antecedents
• Individuals dispositions

25. … *** The strength of the group is the strength of the leaders *** …
Antecedents
• Motivational theories

26. … *** The strength of the group is the strength of the leaders *** …
Antecedents
• Employee age

27. Work behavior in terms of in-role and
extra-role behavior
• OCB is willingness to go the extra mile
• OCB is product of high level of motivation and commitment
• High OCB related to high performance level and less for hierarchical control
• Father of (OCB): Dennis Organ
• Father of (OCB): Dennis Organ
• Individuals become self driven
• Engaging in extra-role behaviour is indicative of high OCB
• OCB is willingness to go the extra mile

28. … *** The strength of the group is the strength of the leaders *** …
Examples of (OCB)
• Avoiding unnecessary conflicts
• Helping others on one’s work team
• Volunteering for extra job activities

29. … *** The strength of the group is the strength of the leaders *** …
Benefits of Organizational Citizenship
Behavior
• Organizational loyalty
• Protecting organization
• Organizational obedience
• Developing oneself
• Making constructive suggestions

30. … *** The strength of the group is the strength of the leaders *** …
Benefits of (OCB)
• Developing oneself Improve their knowledge, skills, and abilities
so as to be better able to contribute to their
organization.

31. … *** The strength of the group is the strength of the leaders *** …
Benefits of (OCB)
• Making constructive suggestions
Voluntary acts of creativity and innovation in organization.

32. … *** The strength of the group is the strength of the leaders *** …
Benefits of (OCB)
• Protecting the organization
Voluntary acts organizational members engage in to protect or save life and property.

33. … *** The strength of the group is the strength of the leaders *** …
Benefits of (OCB)
• Organizational loyalty Keeping organization goals above individual
goals.

34. … *** The strength of the group is the strength of the leaders *** …
Benefits of (OCB)
• Organizational Obedience
Orientation towards organizational
structure, job descriptions, and personnel
policies and rules and regulations.

35. • OCB may vary across cultural boundaries.
• A positive impact on enhancement of employees
performance.
• Openness to experience, extraversion,
conscientiousness, and agreeableness were positively
related to group interpersonal citizenship behavior.
• OCB improve team processes in task which involve
interdependency among group members.
• OCB enhance productivity.
… *** The strength of the group is the strength of the leaders *** …
Research about (OCB)