A look at the current water situation in Gujarat, the availability of fresh water and the problems faced

1. An Effort towards Water Security
Gujarat Experience
Mahesh Singh, IFS
Member Secretary (GWSSB) &
Additional Secretary (Plan) Government
Of Gujarat

2. • Total 185 Rivers in Gujarat State out of Which only 8 are perennial located in
Southern Gujarat
• Drinking water scarcity felt in almost 2/3rd part of the State
Cum/Capita
/Annum
India 2000
Gujarat <1000
South & Central
Gujarat
1932
North Gujarat 342
Saurashtra 734
Kutch 875
Fresh Water Availability – India & Gujarat

3. Seasonal Scarcity
Salinity
Nitrate
Fluoride
As per Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission Survey 2003-04
Problems of Drinking Water in Gujarat
• Long coastline (1600 Kms.) & Gulf–
Salinity ingress
• Hills and Low recharge
• Excessive exploitation of ground water
• Recurrent Droughts
• Drinking Water Reservations in all major
medium reservoirs

4. Quality Problems
Fluorosis
Problem
Areas
Problems of Drinking Water in Gujarat

5. Constraints in Developing Water Supply System
.. . . .. .
BOP

6. Shift from Ground Water to Surface Water
Conjunctive Use of Resources
Approach Towards Achieving Water Security

7. Pragmatic & Meticulous Planning up to 2000
 Water Reservation From Narmada Dam
 Total : 1.06 MAF (3571 MLD)
 Domestic : 0.86 MAF (2900 MLD)
 Industrial : 0.20 MAF (671 MLD)
 23 Off-take Points on Narmada Main/ Branch Canals
 3268 Km Bulk Water Transmission Mains planned
 182 RWSS on Narmada Canal based & More than 350 in Grid
 9859 Villages & 173 Towns of 22 Districts from Narmada Dam and More than 15009 Villages
and 185 towns from Grid
 75% of State’s Population, at present 4.0 Crore Population Benefited
Narmada Master Plan

8. Narmada Dam

9. Water Supply Grid – Infrastructure & Coverage
 2692 Km Bulk Water Transmission main
 3 Layer Polyethylene Coating (3LP) coating on the outside and Food
Grade Epoxy Coating on the inside
 120769 Km Distribution pipeline
 2250 MLD liter Narmada water installed capacity of Grid.
 Approx. 70% of State’s population i.e 4.0 Crore People are supplied about
3000 MLD water .
 11571 Villages and 157 Towns are connected through Water Grid.
 23693 Water Storage Reservoir
 188 Water Treatment Plant of 3000 MLD Capacity.
 Finally Drought proofing of system is nearly achieved

10. Water Security - A Multi Pronged Strategy
Distant Surface
Source
At-least dual
connectivity
Local Surface
Source
Local Ground
Source
Basin based
Recharging
Long term source
sustainability
Bore blasting &
Hydro fracturing
Bore & Well
Recharging
Roof top Rain
Water Harvesting
Water Balance
Plan
Water Auditing &
Budgeting
Awareness
New Agricultural
Practices
Village in-situ
conservation

11. At-least Dual Connectivity
• State wide Water Supply Grid
• Distant Surface Water
• 7911 villages and 157 towns of Gujarat have been covered
• 2692 km of bulk pipe line
• 2900 MLD supply
• Local Surface Water
• 2903 villages and 25 towns covered through 91 RWSS with combined output capacity of 950
MLD
• Ground Water
• 882 villages and 8 towns covered through 86 RWSS with capacity 109 MLD

12. Inter linking of Basins
• Sujalam Suphalam Yojana
10 water scarce districts
 Flood water transfer to water scarce
regions – Sujalam Suphalam canal
 Filling of dams from Narmada water – 14
pipelines for 10 dams
 Filling of ponds by Narmada water
 Inter linking of 27 rivers
NARMADA
MAIN CANAL
SUJALAM SUPHALAM
SPREADING CANAL
SIPU DANTIWADA
WATRAK
KADANA
HATHMATI
DHAROI
MESWO
MAZAM
GUHAI
MUKTESWAR

13. Recharge Activities Carried out by Water Supply Department
1621
18 48
233
4536
3195
248 39
253
70 177
Check Dam (1621)
Under Ground Check Dam (18)
Nala Plug (48)
Recharge Tube Well (233)
Bore Blasting (4536)
Hydrofracturing (3195)
Horizontal Bores (248)
Percolation Tanks (39)
Pond Rejuvenation (253)
Well Recharge (70)
Defunct HP as Recharge Bore (177)

14. Exemplary Recharge Work
79
29
21
8
Before
Potable Nitrate Fluoride Saline
133
4
After
Potable Non Potable
Impact of Recharge Activity in Khedbrahma Taluka (Sabarkantha District)
Total = 137

15. Impact of Recharge on Ground Water Augmentation

16. Bore Blasting
• Technology develops the
secondary porosity in the hard
and compact formations for
movement of the underground
water in large area.
• Creates more storage space for
ground water artificially in
massive rocks by fracturing the
formations

17. Dry Well Rejuvenated after Bore Blasting

18. Recharge through bore well at Dheduki, Surendranagar District
Description Initial Value 2008 2009 2010 2012 2013
Rainfall Annual (mm) 877 517 372 622 270 606
Water level (meters) 80 62 54 51 54 50
Water quality (mgl)
TDS
Fluoride
1300
0.8
760
0.6
550
0.5
450
0.5
538
0.6
480
0.5
Impact of Recharge on Drinking
Water Supply
Sources (Bores) of Water Supply
= 11 nos
Villages included in group water
supply scheme
= 27 nos

19. Recharge through bore well at Dheduki, Surendranagar District
Farmers of the area are taking sugarcane crop
also after 25 years due to sustainability of their
sources
Irrigation Sources (Bores) 112 nos
Villages included in Survey 3 nos
Increase in irrigated area 20 - 25%
Increase in Production 30 - 35%
Impact of Recharge on Irrigation
in Surrounding Area

20. Impact of Hydro-fracturing in Valsad District
Conclusion
• The data above reveals that the technique improves the yield of the seasonal and sick bores
• Increased connectivity of the fractures enhances the natural recharge during rainy season
10
18
47
20
3 1
0
25
50
0-100 100-200 200-300 300-400 400-500 500-600
% Increase in Discharge
No of Bores

21. W a t e r S a t u r a t e d Z o n e
F l o w
D r y Z o n e
( I m p e r v i o u s )
S u b s u r f a c e D a m
Site selection of a UGCD (sub-surface dyke)
• Ascertain that the river flows frequently.
• The riverbed should consist of coarse sand for maximum storage capacity and recharge of wells. Water in coarse soil
flows up to 100 times faster than in a fine soil.
• The portion beneath the riverbed should comprise of solid rock without any fractures. Clay can also serve to avoid the
loss of stored water by seepage.
• Make a rough estimate of the dimensions of the storage by making use of simple iron rod or auger depth penetrations
upstream and cross stream.

22. No. District River Basin
Villages
covered
Structures Status of work
1 Sabarkantha Sabarmati, Hathmati 539
4025
Completed
2 Aravalli Vatrak, Majum 688 Completed
3 Kutch
Nara, Kali, Bhukhi, Suri,
Nagmati, Khari, etc.
308 362 Completed
4 Rajkot Bhader, Aji, Nyari, Machchu 116 157 Completed
5 Chhota Udaipur Orsang 35 84
Projects are
approved and at
various stages of
tendering
6 Vadodra Orsang 282 475
7 Bhavnagar Bagad 24 72
8 Amreli Gangadia 21 36
River Basins Identified for Recharge Activities

23. Topography Structures adopted
1. Plain area or gently undulating
• Pond Rejuvenation
• Under Ground Check Dam
• Check Dams
• Percolation Tanks
2. Valley Slopes
• Contour Bunds
• Trenches & Recharge pits
• BBT
3. Plateau Regions
• Recharge Wells
• BBT
• Hydro-fracturing
4. Flood Plain Deposits • Recharge Tube wells
5. Foot Hills • Khadins

24. Problems
Corrective Efforts
Result

25. Working towards drinking water security and habitat improvement
by empowering communities to manage their local water
sources, drinking water supply and environmental sanitation
Philosophy
 Users are the best managers
 Building partnerships and working together
Water and Sanitation Management Organization (WASMO)

26. Status of Community managed In-village Scheme
• With consistent effort of WASMO, Pani Samitis have been formed in 18,185 villages of the
State.
• Action Plans approved for taking up in-village drinking Water Supply schemes in 14044
villages
• 10663 schemes have already been completed and now maintained and managed by Pani
Samitis

27. THANK YOU