IFPRI POLICY SEMINAR Improving human and environmental health in peri-urban areas January 11, 2017

1. Initial city partners:
Improving Human
and Environmental
Health in Peri-Urban
Areas
M. Ann Tutwiler
Director General
Bioversity International

2. Diets Drive Global Burden of Disease

3. Adapted from Murray (EAT 2014)
Agriculture Producing Too Much of Some and Not
Enough of Other Crops…

4. Steffen et al., 2016
Agriculture Pushing Planetary Boundaries

5. Global Diets Link Environmental Sustainability and
Human Health
D Tilman & M Clark Nature 000, 1-5 (2014) doi:10.1038/nature13959

6. Agriculture is a Key Driver of Human and Environmental
Health
• How is food produced?
• Diversity of crops / land use
• Cropping systems
• Where is food produced?
• Land capability and environmental risk
• Links to markets
• What food is consumed?
• Driving human health
• Driving production and environmental health

7. Why Focus on Urban Areas?
Over half the world’s population already
lives in cities. Share of urban population
projected to increase to 66% by 2050.
• Rapid urbanization influencing
consumption:
• Urban populations consume less
healthy and more environmentally
intensive diets
• Food and land use policies:
• Made and executed at municipal and
regional level
• Jobs:
• Food sector is a major employer in
urban economies

8. Why Focus on Peri-Urban Areas?
Peri-urban land-use:
• Proximity to centres of population means
environmental externalities (e.g. air and water
quality) have a high impact
• Important for supply of local fresh produce
to cities
• Pressure on agriculture through conflict
between different demands
• High land prices
• Development pressure
• Influenced by municipal as well as national
policy

9. Influencing urban health
• Food supply
• Environmental pathways
Influencing land use
• Consumption: markets & demand
• Policies & Actions
Urban outcomes
• Food affordability
• Non-communicable diseases
• Healthy diets
• Environmental exposure
• Food waste
• Jobs & employment
Rural outcomes
• Ecosystem services
• Water resources
• Flood mitigation
• Clean air
• Greenhouse gasses
• Food waste
• Jobs & employment
1. System Assessment in Each City
Environmental
Climate
Landscape characteristics
Economic
Macroeconomics, markets, commodity prices
Food imports
Social and cultural
Cultural drivers of food choice
Demographic growth
Political
National policy (agriculture, food, health,
education)
External drivers

10. • Work within pre-existing urban initiatives (Milan Urban Food
Policy Pact; C40 Cities)
• Work with cities committed to reshaping their urban-peri-
urban areas
• Work with cities in 3 different agricultural and food
economies (developed, emerging, developing)
• Build on existing Bioversity International research
• Build on strong research partners (universities,
environmental organizations).
Research Proposal: A Tale of 6 Cities

11. Sustainable
Diets and
Nutrition
Governance
Social and
Economic
Equity
Food
Production
Food Supply
and
Distribution
Food Waste
Milan Urban Food Policy Pact

12. • Shorter food chains linked to public procurement (Cu/ M)Farmer cooperatives
• Social food fairs, Nossa Feira (Cu)
• Market infrastructure, commercial units (Cu/Ac)Markets
• Social access to cheap, healthy food (Cu)Food affordability
• Promoting backyard farming (Ac)
• Menu planning & food prep. (Ac/ Cu/ Co)Education
• Health certification for dishes (M)
• Mapping restaurants for healthy lunches (M)Certification
• 90% organic, less meat, seasonal… (Co/ M)
• School lunches, city institutions (Cu, M)Public procurement
Institutional and Policy Levers

13. Research and Engagement
City stakeholder engagement through action research cycles
1. System
assessment in
each city
2. Identify and
evaluate
existing
interventions
4. Synthesis,
scaling-up and
policy tools
3.Test new
interventions

14. 1. System Assessment
Describe trends and gaps in urban and peri-urban food and
agricultural systems
Characterize food and environmental service flows to and
from urban to peri-urban areas
Evaluate policy environment
Assess opportunities and constraints for interventions to
improve human and environmental health

15. 2. Identify and Evaluate Existing Interventions
Identify interventions
Stakeholder consultations to identify
existing interventions
Explore impact pathway to screen
interventions to evaluate
Evaluate interventions
‘Natural experiments’ to test existing
interventions
Model impacts and trade-offs (environment,
economic, diet, health).
Foresight modelling
Quantify gap between projected
outcomes & policy goals

16. 3. Test New Interventions
Co-design new interventions
Work with city stakeholders to design
interventions
Model / assess impacts
Impact and trade-offs (environment, economic,
diet, health)
Resilience to changes in external drivers
Piloting
Innovation fund to establish pilot studies
RCT or cohort experiments on pilots
Co-develop business cases within cities for
impact investors

17. C40:
• 80+ cities
• 600M people
4. Impact: Synthesis and Scaling-up

18. Building on Bioversity International Research
• Whole of diet; whole of year nutrition
• Biodiversity for Food and Nutrition
• Measuring ecosystem health
• Marketing neglected and underutilized crops
• Innovative financing model

19. Whole of Diet - Whole of Year Nutrition
Source: Kehlenbeck K, McMullin S.
2015. Fruit tree portfolios for
improved diets and nutrition in
Machakos County, Kenya. ICRAF

20. Biodiversity for Food and Nutrition
Brazil
1 in 3 children
aged between 5 &
9 are overweight
73 high potential
native species
Sri Lanka
1 in 3 children aged between 5
& 9 are overweight
20 Native root & tuber crops,
bananas, rice varieties, leafy
vegetables & fruits
Turkey
31% population
overweight
43 species of local
wild edible plant
species
Kenya
1/3 of population food
insecure
20 Native leafy
vegetables, sorghum,
millets, nuts, fruits,
livestock

21. MESH: Mapping Ecosystem Services
for Human Wellbeing

22. Building Markets for Foods to Improve Nutrition

23. New Financing Mechanisms
A consistent long-term monitoring system for agrobiodiversity
to be applied across four sustainable food system
components:
Nutritious, diverse
diets
Productive and
resilient farms and
landscapes
Farmers’ access
to quality, diverse
seeds
Conservation of
agrobiodiversity
for future options
Photos: Bioversity International/A. Camacho, P.Lepoint, A. Sidhu, N.Capozio

24. Research partners
Cities
Thank you!
Ann Tutwiler
a.tutwiler@cgiar.org