This presentation proposes CAPS, an architecture-driven modeling framework for the development of Situational Aware Cyber-Physical Systems. Situational Awareness involves being aware of what is happening in the surroundings, and using this information to decide and act. It has been recognized as a critical, yet often elusive, foundation for successful decision-making in complex systems. With the advent of cyber-physical systems (CPS), situational awareness is playing an increasingly important role especially in crowd and fleets management, infrastructure monitoring, and smart city applications. While specializing cyber physical systems, Situational Aware CPS requires the continuous monitoring of environmental conditions and events with respect to time and space. New architectural concerns arise, especially related to the sense , compute & communication paradigm, the use of domain-specific hardware components, and the cyber-physical space dimension. This work illustrates the CAPS modeling languages used to describe the software architecture, hardware configuration, and physical space views for a situational aware CPS.

1. CAPS: Architecture Description of
Situational Aware Cyber Physical
Systems
@ICSA 2017, April 2017
Henry Muccini and Mohammad Sharaf
DISIM Department
University of L’ Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
henry.muccini@univaq.it - @muccinihenry
Slides available at:
http://www.slideshare.net/henry.muccini/

2. Context, Motivation
and Needs

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Our practical needs: to
engineer crowd
management systems

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spin-off of the University of L’Aquila
Crowd management Indoor | outdoor
Queue forecast and avoidance
Multi-site crowd management
Digital Booking and Ticketing

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crowd monitoring and control
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crowd monitoring and control
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Q: How long will
take to get into the
entrance?
do: people counting tech
to know: arrival frequency
to know: pick hours
Q: How long took to visit
the place?
do: people tracking tech
to know: time spent in average
to know: time spent in areas

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: multi-sites of interest
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Q: How to load balance?
Q: how to re-route people?

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The context of this research
Situational Awareness (SiA)
• a person’s awareness of what is going on in her surroundings,
the meaning of these surroundings, and using this information
to decide and act.
SiA in numbers
• Big market share of USD 32,6 billion by 2022 [Allied Market Research]
Situational Aware CPS
• In ICT terms:
• Sensed data,
• received from IoT devices interacting in a prescribed open or closed
physical space,
• used to observe the (user’s) surroundings and make detailed assessments
about his environment.

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Our Goal: to architect
Cyber Physical Spaces

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Overall: technical
Physical Space
Cyber Physical Space

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Overall: conceptual
Multi-stakeholders
Multi-competencies
Multi-viewpoints
Interdisciplinary
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Software
Architecture
Description
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viewsSystem
Integrators
System
Integrators
Software
Engineers
Software
Engineers
Psychology
Statistics
Mobile
App
Mobile
App
WSN
engineers
WSN
engineers

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Overall: decision making
- Which solution is more e.g.
energy efficient?
- Which architecture
decisions may limit the
amount of data created,
transferred, and analyzed?
- Which communication
topology to use?
Cyber Physical Space

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Concrete projects: Uffizi Galleries
Goals:
– Reduce the waiting time to get in
– Optimize internal human flow
– Multi-museum load balancing

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Concrete projects: NdR L’Aquila
Goals:
– Urban safety
– Multi-site load balancing
– Recommendation system

15. The CAPS architecture
description
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Our reference: ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010: 2011
ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010 - International Standard for Systems and Software Engineering
Architectural Description, 2011

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VP
Hardware
VP
Physical Space
VP
HWML SPML
Software
Architect
Developer
System
Integrators
System
Engineer
Space coverage
Data exchange
Networking and
communication
Energy
Consumption
Viewpoints System Concerns
Stakeholders
The Modeling
Languages
DSLDSL DSLDSL
SAML
DSLDSL
Smart Building / Physical
Space modelers
(Sensor network
& IoT ) experts
MAPML DEPML
CAPS

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Physical Space
MM
SA Model
SAML
HW Model
HWML
Physical Space Model
SPML
HW MM
CAPS Modeling languages and Viewpoints
SA MM

19. COMMitMDE @ MODELS 2016 - http://tinyurl.com/commitmde
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Let us analyze each
single meta-class

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SAML model

22. components
ports
connections
application data
messages
operations
Events-conditions-actions
actions:
sense, actuate, send msgs,
start/stop timer, fork&join,
synch/asynch calls
RFID reader, people counter,
smart card reader, …
Modes
mode transitions
enter/exit mode

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HW model of SCUNA example

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Physical Space
2D, 3D Physical space with
obstacles
freely positioned
with their own shape
with attenuation coefficients

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Cyber Physical Space: examples
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgULkozh32UOngoing work at Turku University, Finland

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SPML model of SCUNA example
The physical space represents the
overall environment in the (3D
space/2D space) in which the SiA-
CPS node will be deployed
The Space contains a set of
Obstacles and Areas

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Correspondence and Weaving
Cyber Physical Space

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CAPS Tool support SAML
Graphical and Tree-based editor for SAML
graphical
editor
properties
palette
models

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Future Work
To predict energy consumption, data
traffic, and other concerns
CAPS @
work
Simulation
Run-Time
To connect models with a run-time IoT
execution platform

30. CAPS: Architecture Description of
Situational Aware Cyber Physical
Systems
@ICSA 2017, April 2017
Henry Muccini and Mohammad Sharaf
DISIM Department
University of L’ Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
henry.muccini@univaq.it - @muccinihenry
Slides available at:
http://www.slideshare.net/henry.muccini/