This document discusses atelectasis, which is defined as partial or complete lung collapse, usually due to bronchus obstruction. The learning outcomes cover defining atelectasis, describing its causes and symptoms, and outlining diagnostic procedures, management, and nursing interventions. Atelectasis is commonly seen post-operatively in those under general anesthesia. Causes include inhaling irritants, localized airway obstruction, insufficient surfactant, and increased elastic recoil. Symptoms include fever, cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, hypoxemia, tachypnea, and cyanosis. Diagnosis involves chest x-rays, oximetry, and auscultation. Management treats underlying causes and may include oxygen

1. Acute respiratory tract
disorders
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2. Atelectasis
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3. Learning outcomes
• At the end of this topics,student should be able to;
• Define atelectasis
• State the etiology of atelectasis
• Describe the clinical manifestation of atelectasis
• State the diagnostic procedure for client with
atelectasis
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4. Cont..
• State the outcome management for client with
atelectasis
• Describe the health education to client with
atelectasis.
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5. Cont..
•State the outcomes management for
client with atelectasis.
•Describe the health education to client
with atelectasis
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6. Topic
• Definition
• Etiology
• Clinical manifestation
• Diagnostic procedure
• Outcome management
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7. Definition
• A term used to describe partial or complete
collapse of the lung, usually due to an
obstruction of a bronchus (with mucus plug,
infection or cancer).
( Black &Hawks,2005)
• Atelectasis is commonly seen immediately in the
post-operative period in those who have
undergone general anaesthesia.
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8. Etiology
• It develop when alveoli
become airless from
absorption of their air
without replacement of
the air with breathing
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9. Common causes
• Inhalation of irritating of anesthetics
• Localized airway obstruction
• Insufficient pulmonary surfactant
• Increase elastic recoil
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10. Symptoms
• fever less ( 38°c)
• dry cough,
• chest pains and mild shortness of breath.
• Hypoxemia
• Tachypnea
• Tachycardia
• Cyanosis
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11. Diagnostic procedure
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• Chest x-ray
-location of atelectasis
• Oximetry
-reduce O2 perfusion
(hypoxemia)
• Auscultations
-bronchial or diminished
breath sounds
-Crackles over the affected
area

12. Management
• Treatment is directed toward the underlying
cause
• If hypoxic,O2 should be administered
• Maintain airway patency such as postural
drainage,tracheal suctioning,chest
physiotherapy
• If an obstructed,bronchoscopy may used to
removed the material
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14. Nursing intervention
• Primary goal to prevent atelectasis in the
high-risk client.
• Frequent change positio.
• Early ambulation help promote drainage of
all lung segments.
• Deep breathing and effective cough
encourage lung expansion and prevent
airway obstruction.
• Encourage client to used incentive
spirometry.
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15. Thank
you
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